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Prospecção química do metabolismo de fungos endofíticos isolados de maçã (Malus domestica) e goiaba (Psidium guajava)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-31) Medeiros, Lívia Soman de; Rodrigues Filho, Edson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7404733691134037
Few studies are targeted concerning the chemistry of the secondary metabolism from endophytic fungi associated to edible fruits. In this sense, it is worth to explore the the microbial metabolic skills, particularly from the fungi species naturally present in this host, since a plethora of compounds from different biossintetic groups with diverse bioactivities may have been directly introduced to human diet. Therefore, the aim of the work encompassed the chemical and metabolic investigation of the fungus isolated from sympthomless apple fruits, the specie Talaromyces rugulosus, as well as the fungus Setophoma sp. isolated from healthy guava fruits. The study was based on the chemical prospecting of the fungal metabolism by means of OSMAC approach. In this step, besides the screening of known metabolites, the investigation was carried out in order to encounter new natural products biossintetized by the studied strains. Aiming to reach a fast and effective dectection, the UHPLC-HRMS based dereplication combined to dedicated database queries was extensively applied. The use of these integrated approaches allowed the establishment of a broad chemical profile owned to each microorganism and has led to the identification of seven new depsides produced by Setophoma sp. and novel halogenated alkaloids by T. rugulosus through spectroscopic data, chiefly NMR and HRMS-MS. In addition to these results, the induction of known perilenequinones produced by Setophoma sp. strain was observed when it was submitted to the co-cultive with other fungi species. Some of the novel poliketides showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S.aureus, while the perilenequinones comprised a seeming inhibition of some tested Penicillium species. Concerning T. rugulosus, it was also verified if the fungus showed to be skillfull in biotransformations of compounds naturally owned to apples chemical composition, such as flavonoids and organic acids. Whereas any product from this proposal was detected, a remarkable production of multicolanic acid was observed by the use of the tested substrates into the culture medium, suggesting a likely marker for this specie. Finally, taking into account the fact that fruits represent a rich source of nutrients for its associated microbial inhabitants, it is worth to consider that secondary metabolites biosynthesis in loco be favoured. Therefore it was proposed the monitoring of the most common metabolites produced by T. rugulosus into commercial apple extracts. The detection study was carried out by UHPLC-MS/MS via dynamic MRM experiments, which allowed the detection of compounds potentially produced by the fungus in the evaluated apple extracts.
Trigonometria por apps
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-31) Mastronicola, Natália Ojeda; Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8713439729693928
In this work the author intends to show an experience of implementation of alternative activities to traditional teaching of trigonometry in 9th year of Fundamental School (Brazilian curriculum). The theme choice came from the author's finding of difficulties presented by pupils in face of a great amount of formulas without meaning for them. The goal of these activities was to stimulate the students to make them construct their own knowledge, culminating in a meaningful learning. It was intended to formulate activities with the use of smartphones and tablets. The technological advance of cell phones has provided a range of different tools that fit in someone's palm and can be accessed immediately. Some of these tools provide the use of tablets and smartphones in the educational context, aiding student's learning in an innovative form, making it more pleasurable. All activities followed the guidelines of didactical engineering as research methodology. The activities were applied in a school were the author is a teacher.
Estudos de expressão em genes potencialmente envolvidos no processo reprodutivo em Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-31) Nakamura, Aline Minali; Brito, Reinaldo Alves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6716341388414833
The majority of species in the genus Anastrepha is endemic to the Neotropics and many are of great economic importance because they inflict great damage to several different fruit crops. Brazil has low insertion in international markets because of the demand for quality products with no pesticide residues, which force the improvement of control techniques. Thus, an alternative to insect pests control is the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which reduces the pest population by mass release of sterile insects. However, sterilization by radiation has many side effects, reducing the competitiveness of released males relative to wild males. For this reason, different strategies have been used, such as the production of transgenic individuals not only in order to sterility but also increasing the vitality presented by these males compared to wild males. To accomplish that, an important approach could be the study of genes involved in the reproductive process. In this work, we selected nine candidate genes for expression studies of our transcriptome data, which have the potential of being involved in the reproductive process in Anastrepha because they belong to gene families that have already been associated to the reproductive process, and showed differential expression between the contrast of virgin and post-mating of transcriptome data in Anastrepha flies. Since no qPCR study has been done to date in Anastrepha, we tested several reference genes for normalization of expression data. The genes Rpl18, Rps17 and Ef1a were deemed suitable and used here to standardize studies of expression between life stages of A. obliqua. The qPCR gene expression analysis revealed interesting gene expression patterns for AttA, Obp56a and Obp99c, which increases the potential of these genes being involved in the reproductive process. Obp56a showed a higher expression in virgin females in contrast to postmating, whereas AttA and Obp99c showed higher expression in male in contrast to females, which may be interesting for genetic control techniques. We applied the RNAi silencing technique with AttA and Obp99c, aiming to generate information about the participation of these genes in reproduction. Thus, our results pointed for three candidate genes that could be interesting for population control techniques, with potential of being involved in the reproductive process, which stimulates further researches in Anastrepha obliqua.
Efeitos da realidade virtual para treino de habilidades motoras e cognitivas em idosos institucionalizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-31) Soares, Mariana Cristina; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8825982864094227
With advancing age, there is a tendency of loss of cognitive aspects such as memory, attention, learning new technologies and motor aspects such as loss of range of motion of the upper limbs. The literature points to investments made to investigate the use of virtual reality in cognitive and motor aspects, however, due to the few researches found on the topic, is one notable gap in terms of describing the training of motor skills of the member and higher cognitive skills using virtual reality applications. This research aimed to evaluate the use of virtual reality application KapMan® for training of motor skills of upper member and cognitive in institutionalized elderly. The research was performed in a long - term institution, located in a midsize city in the state of São Paulo. The participants in this study were six seniors and we used a questionnaire about participants - to make sure about their skills and understanding about the game - measurement of range of motion, heart rate and blood pressure, the DASH questionnaire was used and Mini - mental State Examination. Furthermore, adaptations in the original game KapMan® were made. The results indicated a reduction in execution time of activity between the first and last time, and an increase of the final score (score) obtained, leading to believe that the adjustments made in the game and the training of the proposed activity resulted in better performance of the elderly. There were no observable changes in variables heart rate and blood pressure. The data shows an improvement in pain and upper limb function, and increased range of motion of the upper limb of the elderly. As the cognitive aspects, four elderly have compatibility with cognitive disabilities and two do not have this loss. Nevertheless, the elderly understood, learned and developed motor skills of the upper limb and cognitive training with the proposed activity. Thus, the premise that the deployment of virtual reality applications help the training of motor skills and cognitive upper limb was confirmed.
Relações com o saber : um estudo sobre o sentido atribuído por alunos da rede pública à escola, à língua inglesa e à sua aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-10-31) Ianuskiewtz, Andréia Dias; Viana, Nelson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8530008627127423
In this qualitative study, we aim to investigate the senses of learning English and the relationships established by elementary school students in the context of public school education with the world (with the transmitted/acquired knowledge in school, with the school, the classroom and everything that surrounds it), with the other (teachers and peers) and with themselves (their knowledge, their expectations, their goals and motives). Thus, the research focuses on understanding the meaning that the school has for students and the conceptions they have about the English language and its learning, considering the epistemic, personal and social dimensions of knowledge. It also seeks to identify the processes that structure the motivation to learn English and the mobilization to learn the language. The work is based on studies conducted by Bernard Charlot (2000, 2001, 2005) about the relationship to knowledge, which seek to understand how the subject categorizes and organizes their world, how they attribute meaning to their experience, especially their school experience. The theoretical basis of this research is also composed by principles and concepts that constitute the Activity Theory, developed by Vigotski (1980, 2001, 2005, 2007) and Leontiev (1978, 1984), as well as conceptions about motivation, within the area of language teaching and learning (DÖRNYEI, 2001; DÖRNYEI & USHIODA, 2013; GARDNER, 2002, 2010; DECI & RYAN, 2000; VIANA, 1990). Data collection involved classroom observations in two 6th grade classes of elementary school of two public schools in the state of São Paulo during the period of one year, and it included the following instruments: questionnaires, drawings produced by the students, researcher's field diaries and interviews. Through data analysis, we found that students recognize the role of the school as a learning space, but the relationship they establish with the institution is based on the valuing of relational/affective learnings. We observed that students begin the 6th grade with a positive perception of the English language and they are motivated to learn it, but in spite of this, there is neither mobilization nor establishment of personal sense, due to the mismatch between motives and purposes of the learning activities.