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Câmara de Wilson eletrônica para o auxílio na aprendizagem de física moderna no ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21) D'Andrea, Alexandre Dimas Queiroz; Barros, Marcelo Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8492073994763872; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996032276970027
The introduction of the Teaching of Modern and Contemporary Physics (MCP) in the curriculum of the middle school in Brazil evidenced the need to adapt the activities didacticpedagogical in the classroom, in order to reposition the cognitive and interpretative attitude of the student in a society where technology is an integral part of his daily. In this process of adequacy and implementation of this didactic transposition, teachers have been facing some epistemological obstacles and didactic difficulties. This present work had as objective the development of an Educational Instrument to help in the teaching-learning process of MCP, mainly those related to the topics of Structure of Matter, Radioactivity, Cosmic Rays and Elementary Particles. It follows an epistemological obstacle related to the phenomenology associated with the proposed contents, since they refer to structures and physical phenomena that are not easily and directly observable in the student's everyday life. In this sense, this present work proposes the construction of an Electronic Wilson Cloud Chamber, inspired by the Wilson Cloud Chamber and the Langsdorf s Diffusion Chamber, but using easily obtainable materials and that can be built without great difficulties by teacher. There are several tutorials for constructing them, but the main feature of such chambers is the formation of temperature gradient using solid carbon dioxide (dry ice). However, this product is not easily found, besides being highly sublimable, hindering their storage and large loss occurring overnight. The Electronic Chamber proposed here circumvents this problem by introducing the concept of electronic cooling by electronic solid state thermoelectric modules (Peltier effect), facilitating its transport and use in the classroom. The Educational Instrument shall then be presented to the students in a context of Education by Research or Investigative Methodology, given that many authors advocate the practical activity, laboratorial, the observation exercise and the investigative thinking as being valuable tools from didactic point of view.
Investigação do processo de corrosão do aço API 5L_X65 em meio de bicarbonato e cloreto utilizando serie temporal de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21) Fraga, Eduardo Fagiani; Mascaro, Lucia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5044362786141483
The carbon steel corrosion process used at in machines and pipelines of oil fields is mainly attributed to the presence of CO2, and H2S dissolved at solution. These compounds usually can to carry the corrosion type more common in this system: the pit corrosion. Depending on operation conditions of the pipe (pressure, temperature), the formation of different corrosion products can occur, as iron carbonate (FeCO3). So, this work presents a pit corrosion study of the API 5L_X65 carbon steel in carbonate solution and different chloride concentrations. The measurements were made at steel samples with and without any heat treatment. The corrosion process was evaluated using the techniques of chronopotentiometry of zero current, to measure the open circuit potential (Eoc), the polarization curve (PC) and chronoamperometry (CA). In all cases was evaluated in situ the metallic surface using an optical microscope (OM). The in situ images were separated into a sequence of micrographs and processed with Image-J software to convert the image into quantitative information. The pits were selected by adjusting the image histogram (Threshold) and then the images were binarized to separate the bottom (steel) from the object (the pits). This procedure makes it possible to quantify black (bit 1) and white (bit 0) regions, to determine which part has been corroded relate the area and number of punctual attacks. The time series of image was acquired at 3 and 120 frames min-1 during the Eoc and CA, respectively. The Eoc was monitored for 9000 s or until its stabilization and the CA was performed polarizing the electrode at 350 mV more positive than Eoc obtained. The electrolyte used was a solution of 0.1 mol L- 1 NaHCO3 and NaCl chloride at different concentrations. A factorial design was made by varying the concentration of chloride ions at 2.25, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 3.75% (w / w) and the temperature was 18.5, 25.0, 40.0, 55.0 and 62.5 °C. In all measurements the Eoc initially presented abrupt drop and after stabilized at potential near -0.69 V. The micrographs in situ obtained during CA showed the formation of pits but it has not been possible to relate the corrosion rate increases with temperature and ion solution increase. Passivation of the surface was observed with the aid of OM considering a slight darkening of the metal surface. The characterization of the films was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the formation of a film over whole surface and pitting occurs at some points, indicating that corrosion occurs in two forms, localized and generalized.
Os intelectuais da libertação e o intercâmbio educativo: uma leitura gramsciana da Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira (1972 - 1986)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21) Reis, Egberto Pereira dos; Rothen, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7689635605346521
This thesis has, as research objective, the Eclesiastic Brazilian REB Magazine,during the period 1972-1986, and how a group of intellectuals interacts in a specific ideology, establishing an educational proposal together with the Basic Ecclesial Communities (BECs). It was raised the hypothesis that the magazine can be a source of understanding and a diffusing way of the intellectual and moral reform and, also, an instrument in search of hegemony. Therefor, as a theoretical reference, it was used Antonio Gramsci s way of thinking, who, in his work Caderno do Cárcere developed a valuable study of magazines. For Gramsci, the importance of the magazines exceeds the purely academic question constituted of the dialectical relationship between intellectuals and working class. It was used, mainly, the concept of war for position to understand the quest for hegemony within the church and state. Thus, this thesis aims to explain how the ideology of libertation of theology was elaborated, explaining its main sources and currents of thoughts, that offer theoretical soundness to this theology. To understand the educational principle, it was analyzed, starting from the concept of positional war, how are waged the hegemony disputes regarding the intellectuals from REB, in a confrontation with the civil society and with the church structure itself. Thus, the concept of organic intellectual was the foundation to identify the intellectuals who published in the magazines and acted in the civil society. The identification of these actors contributed to analyze which disputes were conducted and if in fact, happened the exchange of knowledge, producing, this way, the educational principle. The methodology used was the bibliographic literature having as main source the magazine itself with its editorials and articles. The bibliometric analysis was also used as a way to measure the magazine gathering important informations to understand the type of intellectual his titration on the issues addressed forming a group with the same liberating bias. The thesis seeks to demonstrate, through REB, the existence of a group,that forms a relatively cohesive movement in the search for political, economic and social liberation. In order to do so, it was set up an educational relationship between the people of CEB and the intellectuals, this is the educational principle elaborated by Antonio Gramsci. As a result the education/educator experience was required for the exchange of knowledge between the intellectual and regular people establishing this way, the educational reciprocity. The consequences of these disputes were the presence of a theology that became a reference for intellectual production and especially it identifies itself with the people of BEC in a dialectical party movement according to the Gramsci s notion.The intellectuals of REB, together with people of the grassroots communities formed a Party committed to the social issues in an attempt to change the superstructure.
Análise bayesiana objetiva para as distribuições normal generalizada e lognormal generalizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21) Jesus, Sandra Rêgo de; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0092258556747592
The Generalized Normal (GN) and Generalized lognormal (logGN) distributions are flexible for accommodating features present in the data that are not captured by traditional distribution, such as the normal and the lognormal ones, respectively. These distributions are considered to be tools for the reduction of outliers and for the obtention of robust estimates. However, computational problems have always been the major obstacle to obtain the effective use of these distributions. This paper proposes the Bayesian reference analysis methodology to estimate the GN and logGN. The reference prior for a possible order of the model parameters is obtained. It is shown that the reference prior leads to a proper posterior distribution for all the proposed model. The development of Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) is considered for inference purposes. To detect possible influential observations in the models considered, the Bayesian method of influence analysis on a case based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence is used. In addition, a scale mixture of uniform representation of the GN and logGN distributions are exploited, as an alternative method in order, to allow the development of efficient Gibbs sampling algorithms. Simulation studies were performed to analyze the frequentist properties of the estimation procedures. Real data applications demonstrate the use of the proposed models.
Estudo teórico de propriedades estruturais e elétricas de filmes automontados de moléculas orgânicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21) Savedra, Ranylson Marcello Leal; Moura, André Farias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0746428641961163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0829211645021412
Compact models of ionized and nonionized Langmuir monolayers of stearic acid adsorbed on the water were simulated by means of atomistic molecular dynamics. The electrostatic, structural and dynamic properties of the molecules of models were studied throughout time evaluating the calculated trajectory. The structural analyses indicate a significant increase of the water density at the interface in comparison to the bulk aqueous phase. These results also showed that the water molecules near the interface orient hydrogen atoms toward to organic phase. The distribution of water molecules at interface neutralizes partially the charges of the polar group of stearic acid, reducing the contribution of this group of the electrostatic potential in the monolayer. The charge densities indicated two possible mechanisms of partial charges neutralization on the head of stearic acid. At low stearate concentrations, the water had the highest positive charge density contribution at the interface. However, the positive charge density is predominantly derived from monovalent ions of sodium at electrical double layer, for the monolayers with more than 30 % of the stearate in the organic phase. It was observed that water molecules at the interface have lower mobility than the bulk aqueous phase, especially those coordinating around the carbonyl group and the stearate of the organic phase.
Aspectos quali-quantitativos da arborização urbana da Área Norte do campus da UFSCar, São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-21) Lessi, Bruno Flório; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9619343126837729
The urban trees plays an important role in providing a wide range of economic, ecological and social benefits. This study was carried out to analyze the urban trees of the North area of the Federal University of São Carlos campus by performing a tree inventory to assist in planning and management of this. The survey was conducted based on the General UFSCar Map - Campus San Carlo (2013), which used a random sampling for the individual analysis of each individual component of urban trees. The survey consisted information as the name of the species, origin, conflicts, physical damage, size, planting, phytosanity, integrity and functionality. As a result, we found 4193 individuals composing the afforestation of North campus area, where they were identified to species level in 2548 individuals, the community consists of 130 species belonging to 107 genera and 46 families, among species, 52 were as local native, native 13 from other regions of Brazil and 65 exotic to Brazil. For technical analysis were sampled 1422 individuals. 18.9% of individuals were found presenting conflicts with urban infrastructure and 53.7% with physical injury by pruning. The urban trees is mostly with good physical integrity, with low numbers of risks and fitossanidades. The mapping was an issue for space indication of individuals enabling an analysis of its composition and distribution. Also reveals the need for planning for better conflict management and management of trees, which can be started with the information generated in this work.