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Colaboração da educação especial em sala de aula: formação nas práticas pedagógicas do coensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-24) Vilaronga, Carla Ariela Rios; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6536774151778096
So that a sort of education can meet the needs of all students, it is necessary to think of strategies that seek success in learning. Among the supports for the Educational Target is the proposal of collaborative learning, which is when the regular class teacher works in collaboration with the teacher of the special education in the planning, implementation and evaluation of students teaching. In this sense, the general objective of the study presented here was to build proposals for collaboration in teaching practices of the Special Education teacher in the regular school classroom, which already had an ongoing co-teaching deployment initiative. Specifically, the study aimed to: (a) identify collaborative evidence from the teacher of Special Education and the ordinary classroom one; (b) develop and conduct a teacher training program for performance in co-teaching; (c) assess their training performed with Special Education Teachers (d) provide training spaces on the proposal for co-teaching to discuss and strengthen such support. In this sense, the present study is based on the type of collaborative action research, a kind of research that has been widely used in education, meeting the growing demand so that the academic research is more useful and practical. The development of the study involved four nonlinear steps, which were differentiated in this work to elucidate the journey made during the investigation: (a) Preliminary Step: ethical procedures implementations; (b) Step I: Initial Information Search; (c) Step II: Development and Implementation of the Training Programme and (e) Step III: Training program evaluation and training of subjects as mediators. The direct research participants were six teachers of Special Education. The context illustrates the beginning of a Special Education Teacher job in co-teaching perspective, however, it points out that it happens experimentally. The municipality has experienced this model of collaborating teaching, from its relationship with the university and the rich results that have been brought by this action for the students who are target of the Special Education. For activities with the regular class teacher, it is understood that another function should be performed; one that is differentiated from single previous models proposed with the activities in the resource multifunctional room, necessitating of a specific training for this initial contact and for the learning of the collaboration proposal, from the perspective of the research subjects. Thus, this support to the proposed co-teaching is characterized by being adaptive, therefore it requires time to contextual changes. Such a proposal must be intentionally cultivated or developed and must also be considered in the training processes, both initial and continuing through the professional practice which allows the practice and reflection on it. The fact that these proposals have been adopted by the municipal public policies of São Carlos facilitated the process of co-teaching and made the city to become one of the pioneers in the exercise of coteaching as a public policy in Brazil. To conclude this work, it is stated as a thesis that collaborative learning is one of the necessary supports to strengthen the proposed school inclusion, arguing that the student who is a Special Education Target has the right to education specialist support within the regular classroom, and the collaboration between the Special Education professional with the regular teacher is essential to build this inclusive space, taking into account the specificities of each professional and the formative character of these everyday exchanges.
Propriedades físicas e de adesão bacteriana de uma resina composta fotopolimerizável modificada com nanopartículas de prata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-24) Neves, Patrícia Bolzan Agnelli das; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4261719492756858
The evaluation of new materials and biomaterials modified with silver nanoparticles is a line of research that has been gaining strength in various knowledge areas including dentistry. Even considering international scientific publications, however, there are still few studies evaluating dental restoration materials that are modified with silver nanoparticles. Proposal: this study aimed to compare a photopolymerizable composite resin modified with an antimicrobial silver nanoparticle additive (an experimental resin), with the photopolymerizable composite resin in its unmodified form (a commercially available dental restoration material), by evaluating the in vitro antibacterial properties and also some of the primary physical properties of the resin. Methodology: composite resin disks were made for three experimental groups: unmodified resin (control group) and modified resin with different silver nanoparticle concentrations: 0.3% and 0.6% wt (groups 1 and 2). The antibacterial activity on the surface of the samples was evaluated by in vitro growth of of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus biofilms in a 20% sucrose medium, which is followed by counting the viable cells from the biofilms through serial dilutions after three incubation periods - 1, 4 and 7 days (n = 9). Optical transmittance was tested to measure the percentage of transmittance in the samples (n = 9). The surface roughness was evaluated using Atomic Force Microscopy (n = 9). The colour of the samples and the colour difference between the groups was measured in a colorimetry test according to the CIELab system. The presence of silver in the nanoparticle additive was analysed using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy. The quality of the dispersion and distribution of silver on the samples was analysed using Transmission Microscopy. The liberation of silver in artificial saliva was also evaluated in vitro after three incubation periods (60, 120 and 210 days) with agitation of the samples, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy technique. Results: for the three incubation times, the number of viable cells was statistically lower in groups 1 and 2 than in the control group (p < 0.05), and groups 1 and 2 were not statistically different (p > 0.05) for the two bacterial species (ANOVA Two way/Tukey). There was no significant difference in optical transmittance between group 1 and the control (p > 0.05), and group 2 had a lower transmittance value than the other groups (p < 0.05) (ANOVA/Tukey). The analysis of the values of the arithmetic roughness, which was obtained using the NanoScope software, showed that there was no significant difference in surface roughness between the three groups (p > 0.05) (ANOVA/Tukey). From the measurements of the colours, the total colour difference (ΔE) between all of the groups was higher than 1 (the minimum value that represents a colour alteration perceptible to human vision) and lower than 3,3 (critical ΔE). The presence of silver in the nanoparticle additive was confirmed in the X-Ray Fluorescence test. Microscopic analysis showed good distribution of silver for groups 1 and 2 (with silver in the four quadrants of the regions analysed). The dispersion was better for group 1 than for group 2 (which showed a higher number of particle clusters). After the three incubation times, silver was not detected in the artificial saliva for the three groups or; if it was present, the concentration was below the limit of detection for this technique (< 0.02 mg/L). Conclusions: the antibacterial property on the surfaces of the experimental resins was verified for the two cariogenic bacteria considered. Furthermore, the addition of silver did not cause negative alterations to the resin modified with the lower concentration of nanoparticles, which makes the continuation of this study possible and valuable.
Obtenção de nanofibrilas de celulose de árvores pioneiras amazônicas e processamento de nanobiocompósitos de PHBV/nanofibrilas de celulose de eucalipto no estado fundido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-24) Uieda, Beatriz; Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1797416010637949
This research project aimed to develop high value-added products such as biodegradable composites reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) making use of Amazonian pioneer plant species, useful in restoration of degraded forest areas. The initial objective was to obtain CNF from two pioneer species (Ochroma pyramidale and Spathelia excelsa) using a friction milling process. The oxidation effect of the bleached fibers mediated by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) on the efficiency of the mechanical defibrillation process was studied. CNF were successfully obtained and the oxidation process favored a higher degree of defibrillation. The morphology analysis allowed the observation of CNF with smaller diameter and more dispersed. The final crystalinity index of the oxidized CNF was decreased, according to X-ray diffraction results, but its thermal stability was not altered, as observed by thermogravimetry (TG). Another objective of this study was to develop nanocomposites of a biodegradable poly(hydroxybutyrate-cohydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) matrix reinforced with eucalyptus CNF through melt processing. CNF were mixed in aqueous solution in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and then were freeze-dried and milled for feeding in a twin-screw extruder, followed by injection molding. The influence of CNF and PEO on the crystallinity index and crystallization rate of PHBV, as well as the mechanical, thermal, dynamic-mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated. A small increase in mechanical properties in the presence of CNF was observed, limited by the agglomeration of CNF during the drying process, even in the presence of PEO. From the thermal analysis, it can be concluded that the CNF acted as a nucleating agent for PHBV, accelerating its crystallization. The thermal stability of the PHBV did not change in the presence of CNF and PEO, as revealed by TG.
Políticas públicas em educação: o curso de formação de professores do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-24) Medeiros, Tiago Batista; Justo, Carolina Raquel Duarte de Mello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9209489935777843; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3278376841713523
There are some arguments about the importance of education in the formative process of the population, once it can diminish inequalities and to boost the economic, social and cultural development of a nation. High-quality public education is a complex universe which is impossible to understand through a single perspective. Thus, the motivation for this research was the comprehension of what was being practiced in in the bigger public school system of the country. The Curso de Formação Específica (Specific Content Degree Course), an education public policy was offered by Escola de Formação de Professores (EFAP), from 2010 to2012, as the third phase of the public selection that hired teachers for basic education, back in 2010. The selection was part of a program called Programa Mais Qualidade na Escola which integrated other alike programs implemented during José Serra s tenure as a governor in São Paulo, from 2007 to 2010. The referred program was a public policy demanded through a social claim for better education in the state. The Specific Content Degree Course was designed having the official curriculum as basis, which was established considering the data provided by SAEB and ENEM, among other evaluation tests that happened in 2007. The development of the Specific Content Degree Course aimed to provide a better capacitation for newly hired teachers based on the official curriculum. Thus, the main goal of the course was to present the curriculum to the teachers, offering a familiar approach. More importantly, they were presented to the curricular proposal that guided the teaching practice on their specific area. Considering the panorama above, it is important to highlight the proposal here is to analyze and verify if the course achieved the goals proposed by the govern education department. We have analyzed the first experience of the Specific Content Degree Course, considering the perspective of the professionals (EFAP) who conceived it, as well as the perspective of the teachers who attended the course. The analysis of both perspectives is important to verify whether the goals of the course were achieved or not; if it has contributed to the formation of the professionals and, furthermore, if their personal goals were somehow achieved within the course. The purpose of the analysis is to confront these different perspectives in order to understand how this public policy is comprehended by the involved ones. The relation between the mentioned actors and the already referred public policy is called Avaliação de Resultados (Assessment Results) (DRAIBE, 2001) in the Public Policy studies and is also the content of this thesis.