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Inventário do ciclo de vida do filme BOPP produzido no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-26) Cunha, Renata Nobre da; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2551330588763978
The growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection and the possible impacts caused by production processes boost to research methods to better understand and reduce these problems. Assessment Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used technique that seeks to assess the environmental aspects and minimize potential impacts in the life cycle of products or processes. A detailed description of the environmental aspects of the product is called Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), which organizes the input data and output of product or process, considering the raw materials, water and energy consumption, air emissions, liquid effluents, solid waste, among others. Thus, this work presents the ICV flexible polypropylene film (BOPP) produced in Brazil by a company located in the region of Sorocaba, to provide subsidies for the production of BOPP film that contribute to the construction of the LCA database representative of the Brazilian reality. To do this, it used the scope of the "cradle-to-gate", which considers environmental aspects from the extraction of raw materials to the factory gate. They were considered as subsystems of the representative model of the production of BOPP system of petroleum extraction; petroleum refining - production of naphtha; production of propylene; production of PP resin; production of BOPP film; and maritime transport (imported petroleum) and road (PP resin). For the preparation of the inventory, using primary and secondary data, collected in the company producer of BOPP and bibliographical research, respectively. From the inventory analysis, were identified and discussed the most representative environmental aspects (water consumption, energy source and emissions of CO, CO2, particulate matter, SOx, NOx and CxHy) each subsystem inventory of the production of BOPP film under study. The greatest contribution of subsystems for the consumption of water and energy were the production of the resin PP and the production of BOPP film. In all subsystems CO2 emissions was representative, being the propylene production subsystem what else issued, presenting also representing contributions in CO, SOx, NOx and CxHy.
Complexos de metais de transição: aplicações no tratamento e diagnóstico da doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-26) Lima, Márcia Valéria Silva; Carlos, Rose Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7144772516000295
Currently there are about 35.6 million people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the world, and it is expected that this number will double by 2050. Causes of Alzheimer's disease are not yet known, but their symptoms are characterized the decline of cognitive function result of overactivity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE); and accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (β-A) in the brain of patients. Therefore it is important to the development of drugs that act on the two problems of AD; cognitive decline (inhibition of AChE activity) and the identification of fibrillar aggregates of β-A (creation of new probes). For this purpose have been prepared and tested a series of luminescent complex; cis-[Ru(phen)2(4- ImAC)]PF6, cis-[Ru(phen)2(4-ImAAc)]PF6, cis-[Ru(phen)2(2-Apy)](PF6)2, where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, ImAA = 4-imidazole acetic acid, ImAC = 4-imidazole carboxylic acid and Apy = 2-aminopyridine. The ruthenium complexes were synthesized, where its structural elucidation and purity were checked by NMR H1 spectroscopy and by microanalysis. The compounds are soluble in aqueous solutions and exhibit an intense and broad absorption and emission in the visible region. The complexes have relatively long life with 1 the order of 100 ns. The complexes showed moderate inhibition against the enzyme AChE, with an IC50 of about 10-20 μmol.L-1. From the images from confocal microscopy was possible to make the location of the complex inside the cells by luminescent emission, where the imidazole compounds were located specifically in the cytoplasmic portion of the cell, unlike the complex with aminopyridine, which was distributed homogeneously throughout cellular portion. It was possible to identify the formation of fibers from measurements of emission of the luminescent complex, since these complexes have intensity of luminescence variable with different types of Aβ aggregation. The fibrils were also confirmed by fluorescence microscopy emission lifetime. From the results of the complexes exhibit high pharmacological potential to the treatment of AD since they can be used in diagnosis (identification of the fibrils) and in the treatment of AD (AChE inhibition).
Efeito do (NaLix)CO3, COM 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, na sinterização e condutividade elétrica do Ce0,8Gd0,2O1,9
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014-11-26) Grzebielucka, Edson Cezar; Souza, Dulcina Maria Pinatti Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4100119317525940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7165358114698930
The principles of operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) were merged to create a hybrid device, which can combine the advantages and reduce the disadvantages of both cells, improving the efficiency of energy conversion in stationary power generation devices. Ceria solid electrolytes are among the most promising oxide ion conductors for intermediate temperature SOFC operating at 550-650 °C with high efficiency. However, their major disadvantages is related to Ce4+ to Ce3+ reduction, which occurs at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures. Another drawback in using ceria solid solutions is the poor sinterability which requires high temperatures (1400-1600 °C) to achieve high densification (>95 %), makes the manufacturing process costly. Besides, the MCFC exhibits issues such as lifetime due to the corrosive electrolyte formed from the lithium, potassium and sodium carbonates leading to leaks. To improve the characteristics of both cell includes reducing the operating temperature of the device and the sintering temperature of the electrolyte. In the present work, the approach was to reproduce the electrical behavior of composite sintering temperatures at 600 °C, by preparing gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) with lithium and sodium carbonate (MC) samples through oxides mixture. After the electrical behavior reproducibility and the efficiency of the processing method, the effects of sodium carbonate (CS) and MC additions on GDC sintering at higher temperatures than 900 °C were investigated. The sinterability, microstructure and electrical conductivity of pure samples of GDC with CS and MC were evaluated. Composites with 40 % by volume of MC were effective in densifying GDC allowing densification above 95 % for samples sintered at 1200 °C/1 h with total conductivity at 500 °C of 9,26x10-3 S.cm-1, similar to the GDC sintered at 1400 °C/1 h (7,57x10-3 S.cm-1), demonstrating that MC had a positive effect on the densification without compromising electrical conductivity.