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Técnicas de medida de condutividade elétrica na agricultura de precisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-15) Fermino, Luiz Guilherme da Silva; Stolf, Rubismar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7429429560586548
Until recently, Precision Agriculture was thought of as an unviable tool for small and medium producers, as it believed that it was an expensive, inaccessible tool. However, with the advancement of technologies, it was possible to access simple and easy methodologies, comprising most of the parameters of soil analysis, tracing the spatial variability within the property, thus obtaining different soil managements for certain areas, as well as better use of inputs and optimization of agronomic practices, with what is called heterogeneity of agricultural parcels through homogeneous management zones. One of the suggested parameters for carrying out these mappings is the Electrical Conductivity of the Soil, a variable capable of correlating with the other attributes of the soil, such as humidity, productivity, topography and salinity, also presenting ease in measuring the data, an excellent alternative for the development of PA and more sustainable agronomic planning
A legitimidade do processo de formação das leis pela participação da sociedade civil: a comissão de legislação participativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-15) Seleghim, Ariane Duarte; Moraes, Renato Almeida de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7510744968129427; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3977588363021961
Habermas’ contemporary democratic theory brings a very important question regarding to the formation of laws and its legitimacy: beyond the formal procedure previously established for the construction of the fundamental normative outline to the Democratic Rule-of-Law State (Weber’s instrumental rationality), the institutional engineering focused on the law formation shows itself compromised only with the democratic systematic, when it observes the “practical-moral reasoning”, which proposes the forecasting of the moral argumentative procedures of those possible affected by the rule, within the production process of the legal rules. This is about the necessity of permeability of the legislative process to demands and pleas from civil society. The Participative Rule Committee, institutionalized instrument of promotion of this permeability: receives suggestions and demands from civil society, converting them into bills. Observing the demands received by the committee, it was possible to conclude that civil society took its place in the institutionalized participation and more: that the demand for more participation in law formation (public hearings) increased more and more.
Efeito do tipo de adubação no crescimento inicial de sete espécies arbóreas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-15) Zepon, Felipe Adauto de Oliveira; Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4986653252822655
The degradation of forests in tropical regions caused by anthropic actions, mainly due to agricultural activities, has resulted in impacts such as the loss of ecosystem functions and services. This degradation results in changes in soil chemical and physical properties, and biological communities. Forest restoration aims to minimize these impacts, through the reintroduction of native tree species. Understanding the mechanisms involved between the performance of different plant species and the state of soil degradation can lead to more efficient forest restoration practices. This study experimentally evaluated the effects of soil nutrient and organic matter availability on the growth of seven native tree species: Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Pterogyne nitens Tul., Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Raub., Hymenaea courbaril L., Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze and Terminalia argentea Mart.. We monitored plant initial growth and the changes in soil nutrient availability over time in seedling cultivations under three types of fertilization, one chemical (addition of NPK), and two organic additions, using restaurant waste and cattle manure. The plants were also cultivated in soil without any type of fertilization, which was used as a control. The experiment was conducted in a nursery with irrigation twice a day and monitored for approximately 30 weeks from the germination of each species. Soil chemical analyses were carried out monthly for each of the three treatments, plus control, to quantify the levels of OM, K, P, pH, N, V% (base saturation) and m% (aluminum saturation). A Principal Component Analysis of the chemical parameters showed that the soils were organic fertilizer was added were related to the first axis, which was correlated with OM, P, pH, N and V%, whereas the control was close to m%. The chemical treatments, on the other hand, were related with the second axis, which was correlated with K concentrations. There were no significant differences among organic fertilization, cattle manure and restaurant waste, but these treatments differed from chemical fertilization and control. Plants grown in soil that received organic fertilization had the highest growth, with cattle manure being responsible for the largest average individual size in three of the seven species. Individuals grown in control soils presented the lowest growth. Only three species germinated in the treatment that received chemical fertilization, and they reached intermediate sizes when compared to soils with organic fertilizers and controls.