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Combinação de infravermelho próximo e ferramentas quimiométricas para análise de material desfibrado de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-29) Carvalho, Renato de; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9560524864750531
The Monsanto Company presents in one of its segments the development of varieties of sugacane which have high productivity. The productive capacity of these clones is measured using at lest six analytical parameters: brix degree, Pol, purity, fiber, juice pol and cane pol. The determination of these parameters is done by instrumental measurements that require intense attention of the operator. Beyond that, in Monsanto, the cost per analysis is the order to R$7.50. Of course, not only the cost per analysis is the main parameter, but how fast the frequency of results to verify if the variety is or isn’t economically viable. The proposal of this professional master’s degree project is to use the near infrared spectrophotometer (NIR) combined with chomometric tools to propose calibration models. These models would be used to provide faster and low costs of the analytical parameters reported above. In realization of this project were used over 7000 NIR spectra were obtained after defibration sugarcane. Spectra were obtained and constructed multivariate calibration models (6300 spectra) with the chemometric tool PLS (partial least squares). The models were created in the Conchal laboratory and validated with 700 spectra that not were part of the calibration database and the validation errors ranged from 0.57 (for brix degrees) to 3.55 (for pol). Furthmore, the models of calibration were used in two other experimental stations of Monsanto. The first is located in Araçatuba (SP) and the second in Mandaguaçu (PR) At this part were tested 3 strategies of transfer calibration (recalibration, model update and slope and intercept) and slope and intercept had the lowest validation errors (around twice lower when compared with no transfer). The professional master degree represented up to now a saving of financial resources around R$ 100.000,00 per harvest.
Diretrizes para um modelo de gestão pública ambiental: avaliação de padrões de consumo dos recursos naturais e destinação adequada dos resíduos no instituto biológico.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-29) Guimarães, Luiz Fernando Vaz; Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5815992524543646; Marques, Silvio Cesar Moral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6047434055828372
The environment has been the subject of several studies in almost every areas of knowledge. Thus, several studies have been published to clarify the environmental consequences of the growing impact of human actions. In the present study will address the co nsumption pattern, materials and natural resource economics, the applicability of environmental legislation and proper disposal of waste in the Biological Institute, linked to the Department of Agriculture of São Paulo State , in order to set guidelines for a public environmental management program. A diagnosis of the work already done by the institution revealed the existence of a Quality Management Program and a Waste Management Program , with specific and dependent actions o f the will of some persons. Later interviews were conducted by questionnaires assessing the environmental perception of employees. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, showing that there is some separation and disposal of waste, especially those from laboratories; there is no control of natural resource consumption and environmental actions are specific and dependent on a few people. There is a general interest on the part of employees in environmental improvements, but for this specific sec tor to develop a widely publicized program is needed. Studies of environmental perception are important in the search of tools to design programs of environmental management. The A3P proved to be the most appropriate tool for public institution to be focus ed on public administration, be free and take into account the individual interests of employees and collaborators, when compared to ISO 14001 and Sigma Program
Ocorrência e distribuição de contaminantes emergentes na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Jundiaí - São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-01-29) Sousa, Diana Nara Ribeiro de; Fadini, Pedro Sérgio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3255060531838427; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2286561845933226
Three different classes of emerging contaminants were analyzed in surface water samples, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments from the Jundiaí River Basin - SP. The hormones 17-β-estradiol and 17-α-ethinylestradiol were the only compounds that were not detected in the matrices studied. Caffeine was the compound detected with the highest concentrations for water samples, with values up to 25000 μg/L, while in sediment samples and MPS, triclosan was the compound that had the highest concentrations, with 0.90 μg/g 79.1 g/g, respectively. Other compounds more often detected included atenolol, carbamazepine, diclofenac, propranolol and triclosan, with mean concentrations up to 17 ng/L in samples from Piraí Creek and greater than 120 ng/L for samples from Jundiaí River. A seasonal effect was observed in the concentrations of the compounds and the higher values for all of these were obtained for samples from a sampling point located downstream of a sewage treatment plant. It was found a high correlation between the concentrations of detected compounds and the electrical conductivity, which allowed suggesting the use of new contamination markers by sewage. The occurrence of studied compounds was widespread among samples from Rio Jundiaí, showing the high level of environmental impact to which this water body is exposed.