Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-03-03"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 16420

Clonagem, expressão heteróloga e caracterização parcial da trealase periplasmática de Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri e do seu envolvimento com a fitopatogenicidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03)
Alexandrino, André Vessoni
;
Goto, Leandro Seiji
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1241086430897870
;
Novo-Mansur, Maria Teresa Marques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1198926223396748
Citrus canker imposes damages to citriculture by causing drop in productivity and fruit quality and the absence of effective control and cure. Thus, the economic potential of citrus is limited in part by this disease mainly caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XAC) that presents the greatest virulence and broad spectrum of citrus hosts, compared to bacteria Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii types B (XauB) and C (XauC). In a proteomic analysis previously performed by our research group, periplasmic trehalase was identified as a protein which expression differed between XAC e XauC in an in vitro induction of pathogenicity. Trehalase is an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis reaction of trehalose, a disaccharide composed of two glucose units, which role in the plant-pathogen interaction is poorly understood. One of the objectives of the study was to obtain this enzyme in purified form using an IPTG-inducible heterologous expression system in E. coli, for purposes of partial characterization of its structure and activity. The recombinant XAC periplasmic trehalase is a monomer bearing wide pH stability and showed Michaelian kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for trehalose was 0,124 ± 0,015 mM and Vmax 17,319 ± 0,035 μMol glucose.min-1.mg protein-1 . Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated the following composition of secondary structures: 42.7% α-helices and 13% β-sheets. A gene knockout method based on double homologous recombination between the genomic DNA and suicide vector pNPTS138 has made possible to obtain a strain deleted in the gene encoding the periplasmic trehalase (XACΔ0604), which enabled to evaluate the relationship between this gene and the XAC pathogenicity in Citrus aurantifolia. Infiltrated leaves with XACΔ0604 showed drenching and necrosis of plant tissue and intense brownish pustules compared with wild XAC, suggesting greater virulence of the mutant strain. The periplasmic trehalase activity was compared in XAC and XauC cell extracts from two culture mediums, non-pathogenicity-inducing (CN) and pathogenicity-inducing (XAM-M). Interestingly, XauC has showed higher enzyme activity compared to XAC in XAM-M. Thus, the noticeable higher XACΔ0604 pathogenicity and the greater activity of XauC periplasmic trehalase compared to XAC are indicatives that trehalose may promote pathogenicity.
Investigação de estratégias de seleção de conteúdo baseadas na UNL (Universal Networking Language)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03)
Chaud, Matheus Rigobelo
;
Di Felippo, Ariani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4655951844884252
The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed increased attention to Multilingual Multidocument Summarization (MMS), whose goal is to process a cluster of source documents in more than one language and generate a summary of this collection in one of the target languages. In MMS, the selection of sentences from source texts for summary generation may be based on either shallow or deep linguistic features. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the use of deep knowledge, obtained from a conceptual representation of the source texts, could be useful for content selection in texts within the newspaper genre. In this study, we used a formal representation system the UNL (Universal Networking Language). In order to investigate content selection strategies based on this interlingua, 3 clusters of texts were represented in UNL, each consisting of 1 text in Portuguese, 1 text in English and 1 human-written reference summary. Additionally, in each cluster, the sentences of the source texts were aligned to the sentences of their respective human summaries, in order to identify total or partial content overlap between these sentences. The data collected allowed a comparison between content selection strategies based on conceptual information and a traditional selection method based on a superficial feature - the position of the sentence in the source text. According to the results, content selection based on sentence position was more closely correlated with the selection made by the human summarizer, compared to the conceptual methods investigated. Furthermore, the sentences in the beginning of the source texts, which, in newspaper articles, usually convey the most relevant information, did not necessarily contain the most frequent concepts in the text collection; on several occasions, the sentences with the most frequent concepts were in the middle or at the end of the text. These results indicate that, at least in the clusters analyzed, other criteria besides concept frequency help determine the relevance of a sentence. In other words, content selection in human multidocument summarization may not be limited to the selection of the sentences with the most frequent concepts. In fact, it seems to be a much more complex process.
Efeito da imunização com vacina do antígeno recombinante de superfície SpaA de Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : modelo murino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03)
Camillo, Luciana
;
Silva, Adilson José da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179
;
Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
The swine erysipelas is a disease caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, globally distributed. The pig farming is expanding, and pork is the most consumed in the world. Large investments have been made to increase these herds, especially in the search for vaccines. The disease is currently prevented by vaccination of flocks, but the existing formulations (inactive or attenuated pathogen) can aggravate problems of arthritis in these animals. For the development of new vaccines, free of E. rhusiopathiae cells, the protein SpaA (Surface protective antigen A) appears as a major antigen in studies. We evaluate, in mice, the immune response and the efficiency of two formulations based on SpaA antigen, and compared the results obtained with a commercial vaccine prepared with inactivated cells of the pathogen. The formulations used were: a) living cells of recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium - SL3261 expressing SpaA; b) SpaA purified protein and aluminum hydroxide (v/v). After immunization and challenge of the animals, we evaluated production of antibodies (ELISA) and the inflammatory cells profile systemic infection by E. rhusiopathiae. The results showed that the purified antigen can promote 50% protection (with an over-dose challenge 50xDL50) of a virulent E. rhusiopathiae. In the DL50 challenge, we analyze the cellular profile, antibody production, and interleukin dosage. The purified protein vaccine promoted negative modulation of the output inflammatory cells from bone marrow into the blood, compared to only infected group. There was a specific IgG production against rSpaA, and the most antigenic vaccine was the purified protein, compared to commercial vaccine and recombinant Salmonella vaccine. By analysis of interleukins (IL-4 and IL-12) and IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses, we found that vaccines stimulate both the Th1 response as Th2, being observed more likely to Th2 response. Thus, these data suggest that SpaA purified protein is capable of stimulating an immune response with protective character, reducing the risk of secondary impairments like those occurring with the use of inactivated vaccines to pathogens.
Contribuições de um programa educacional de introdução à linguagem cartográfica tátil para alunos com cegueira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03)
Giehl, Fabiana Cristina
;
Campos, Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3169299095370522
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6067769643299024
Based on the understanding that the appropriate use of tactile maps facilitates the interpretation of space and its use for students with visual impairment, this study emphasizes the importance of educational programs towards the reading and interpretation of a map. This study aimed to analyze the contributions of an educational program to introduce the tactile cartographic language to students with visual impairment. In order to perform this research it has carried out a descriptive investigation outlined by a multi case study. The participants of this research were two teachers who assist on Specialized Educational Service (AEE), two teachers from regular school and two students with visual impairment with different ages (seven and ten years old). The research it has developed with the application of the following tools: semi structured interview; questionnaire and pedagogical evaluation. All data were registered in diaries, filming and photography. The content of interviews, pedagogical evaluation and diary were submitted to the theory of content analysis. The educational program has contributed to improve the ability of students with visual impairment to identify the tactile cartographic variable used in maps. In this context, it is suggested that the Tactile Cartography make part of the curriculum of graduation in Geography, Pedagogy and all related graduation courses in order to prepare teachers to work with students with visual impairment.
Espaço absoluto no ensaio kantiano do primeiro fundamento da distinção das regiões no espaço (1768)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03)
Marques, José Luciano Verçosa
;
Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5868300187607650
The main objective of this dissertation is to present the kantian text Concerning to the first principle of distinction of regions in space, from 1768, under a perspective that goes over the simple conception from Kant against the relational theory of space. If this aspect is important in 1768, definitely is not the only one. The kantian argument is, in itself, more complex, because, besides proving of the reality of absolute and unique space, it involves more concepts. Firstly, the kantian argument can t be understood without reference to the method utilized by the philosopher in his exposition. Secondly, by the same reason, the kantian argument against Leibniz can t be understood by the merely defense of newtonian absolute space, even though it s quite closely to this notion. In third place, in the position to intend to prove the absolute space s reality, the argument of 1768 Essay has consequences to the manner in which we have to represent the space. Finally, as consequence the 1768 s argument against leibnizianian conception of relational space has consequences to the own way in which Kant interprets the substance s metaphysics of Leibniz. In this way, when we can only understand the 1768 s argument in its hole complexity, it s possible to understand how important this text is to the Form and principles of the sensible world and of the intellectual world dissertation, to the radical development of the kantian thought as a whole and, specially to the critical conception of sensibility.
Autistas em idade adulta e seus familiares : recursos disponíveis e demandas da vida cotidiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03)
Rosa, Fernanda Duarte
;
Matsukura, Thelma Simões
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0435082658179293
The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has as one of the main aspects the abnormal or damaged development in the social interaction, communication and a restrict amount of interests; modern studies show that the autism prevalence rate is around 20/10’000. It is a fact that the progress of these disorders happen in an individual way, proportionally to the severity levels and environmental conditions, through all of life stages. There are evidences that support that the demands from these disorders affect directly the familiar daily life, in a way that can make the people who care for them to experience crisis in their familiar dynamic as well as the rise of stress and depression symptoms. International studies towards ASD patients in adulthood show the prevalence of the impairment in speech and social interaction in this stage of life, as well of compromised levels of independence and social inclusion and; in addition, the researches point to a shortage of specialized services and the lack of a formal support to these people and their families. This study had as its objective to comprehend the reality and demands of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their family members, in the matter of their quotidian, their linking to health and/or education institutions, social insertion and perspectives to the future. The study participants consisted of 67 family members of people with ASD in adulthood. In order to meet the objectives, two studies were conducted. The first study aimed to search for institutions and /or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) focused on people with ASD in adulthood and their families in the Brazilian territory, totalizing an amount of 101 institutions and NGOs who performed calls to Adults with ASD. The second study consisted in comprehending the reality and demands of individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders as well as of their families, in which it was used an identification form for collecting general data of the participating families, a questionnaire about the daily events of individuals with autism and their families through the course of the research and WHOQOL – abbreviated, evaluating aspects of Quality of Life of caregivers. To find the participants, we made contact with the coordinators of each institution, NGOs and groups located in Study 1 and the invitations to participate in the study were presented to the family members. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and using the technique of the Collective Subject Discourse. Among the key findings, it is shown that the majority of autistic adults still attend to educational institutions, specifically special schools and that they live with their parents and have never received any preparation for entering the job market or the possibility of housing outside the family. Focusing in their families and the quotidian, the participants reported that their lives revolve around care activities related to the person with ASD and that their main sources of social support were their own family members. The family members also recognize the support from the institutions with which the person with autism is linked, though there is a lack of services and institutions that offer an adequate support to adults with ASD. Among other demands, they highlight the need of qualified institutions to young people and adults with multidisciplinary teams, full-time care as well as support services offered to families. In relation to the future, it is discussed the need of improvement in public policies and deeds towards school inclusion in professional courses and universities; preparation and insertion in the labor market, better explanations and promotion of the construction of residences destined to receive also adults with ASD; as well as a higher number of services that offer support to the families of those with ASD.
Ensino de Geografia para alunos com cegueira no ensino fundamental: contribuições da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03)
Pastoriza, Taís Buch
;
Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7043898818290058
The demand for specialized educational assistance and for adapted resources in regular schools, especially after the Constitution of 1988 and the Law for Guidelines and Basis for National Education, 1996, dictates challenges for teachers in terms of equivalent teaching and learning opportunities for students with or without disabilities, in a way that the same content is assured to be learned by both. Thereunto, some conditions are necessary and in their absence challenges appear for the offer of good quality teaching. The goal of this research was to analyze the a pedagogical intervention on geography contents teaching in a classroom, of grade 5 of Primary School, in which there is a blind student enrolled in the municipal school of Salto-SP. The methodological procedures were: interview, questionnaire, observation, field notes and pedagogical intervention. The data analysis was based on the theoretical reference of Historical-Critical Pedagogy and its substance. In the research many challenges were identified for the teaching and learning of blind students, which are: the deficit of adapted educational material and the lack of continuous education of the teacher and the teacher assistant. As a conclusion, we point that the adapted educational material isn't enough for geography teaching of blind students. Some conditions as the teachers' education and work condition must be considered. Besides that, in order to the learning of blind students to happen it is necessary to give them the opportunity of social interaction and the teacher's pedagogical mediation. The delegation of pedagogical functions to the teacher assistant or the caregiver, with no pedagogical education, establishes a disadvantage of appropriation of knowledge between the disabled student and the others. Briefly, the teacher is the main responsible for the learning of the student, disabled or not, and this requires the conditions above mentioned. As a final result, it was verified that the blind student learned the contents which were taught during the pedagogical intervention.
Responder condicional e responder por exclusão em cães domésticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03)
Fenner, Marina Castana
;
Souza, Deisy das Graças de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2600586924375052
Exclusion is a behavioral process that seems to be found in human and non-human, in which, in the presence of an undefined sample stimulus, the participant excludes a defined comparison stimulus and selects a comparison stimulus that is also undefined. This study aimed to verify if exclusion could be replicated using the same procedure of the classic study of Dixon (1977) and dogs as experimental subjects. The procedure employed an automated apparatus that presented stimuli, recorded the operant responses on a touch screen and released food pallets, and a semi-automatic equipment, which performed all of the above functions, but reinforcement was released manually by the experimenter. The research was divided into three studies. Study 1 aimed to teach prerequisites to perform the experimental task; Study 2 had the intention to teach two audio-visual relations; and the Study 3 aimed to teach a second audio-visual relation and to verify the evidence of exclusion. Studies 1 and 2 made possible the completion of the Study 3. Study 3 was planned in four phases: C1Z1 Teaching - the Z1 visual stimulus was presented as S+ in response to a verbal command (C1), while two visual stimuli (Z2 and Z3) were presented as S-; Exclusion in the presence of new verbal commands used as samples (C2 and C3), the two visual stimuli, which before had Sfunction, took the S+ function; C2Z2 Teaching - the relation probed in the previous phase was directly taught (C2, Z2 + / Z1- and C2, Z2 + / Z3-); Exclusion - probes C3Z3 relationship, not directly taught. The results were analyzed in order to verify if the carried out procedures promoted: (1) conditional relations or a discrimination of the occasion to respond; and (2) exclusion. The results do not allow us to say with certainty whether the established control was only discriminatory or whether there was conditional control, which impedes a conclusion about the potential for exclusion responding in dogs. The discussion suggests that the teaching of conditional relations at the baseline requires switching between samples and their discriminative stimuli, without which the sample cannot acquire the conditional stimulus function, making the procedure a simple discrimination procedure.
Uma proposta de capacitação na área da educação musical especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-04)
Viana, Ana Célia de Lima
;
Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7104955689746470
Special Music Education is the field of knowledge that covers music teaching and learning for students with special needs. This area has been growing timidly in Brazil, since on the one hand we have the inclusion of music in school programs after the enactment of Law 11.769/2008, on the other hand we have the inclusion of students with special needs in general classes at elementary school. In general, teachers claim not be prepared to work with these students with special needs, claiming lack of training as a major barrier. Thus, it is noted the interest of Brazilian researchers for identifying knowledge and skills required for music educators to work with such students and contribute to the improvement of training and music education in inclusive settings. International literature provides theoretical and practical information relevant to guide studies on training in the area of special musical education. This study aims at analyzing a set of knowledge and skills covered in a course for music educators to work with students with special needs in light of the contributions from such literature and the perceptions of teachers. The participants of the research were three musical educators. The course involved nine meetings in which it was tried to present and discuss with the participants the following set of knowledge related to music education for students with intellectual disability and hearing loss: importance of positive attitudes and beliefs about teaching and the learning process; the importance of obtaining information on different areas of the student s life, the use of appropriate tools to reach these information and how to assess the student s musical skills; characteristics of disabilities that may affect learning and the different types of recommended adjustments. The training involved reading texts about the subject, slideshow and videos, case study analysis of musical practices involving appropriate adjustments to illustrate the concepts, application of concepts and principles of exercises and examples of adjustments. Data for the description and analysis of the training has consisted of records from field diaries, materials and teaching resources and the review of the products of the activities undertaken by the participants. An initial questionnaire and a course assessment questionnaire were applied. The results indicate that the content covered in the training are in accordance with the literature recommendations about training for work in the special music education, and were considered relevant by the participants. The set of teaching materials and teaching and learning activities produced at this training provided information for use in further studies and to be available for in service and pre service music educators. It discusses the study limitations and possibilities for new investigations.
Análise da secagem de partículas de alumina em secador vibrofluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-04)
Reis, Térbio Geraldo dos
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2915213392007060
Activated alumina is widely used as a desiccant or as an adsorbent. In order to reuse the material, it is necessary to submit it to the drying process. In this context, a research was carried out to obtain the alumina with the lowest possible moisture using vibrofluidized bed dryer. For a better comprehension of the drying of the material, the development of this study was divided in parts and the first one consists of kiln drying in which the only variable is the air temperature. Then, intending to analyze the variables that are capable to influence on drying process, a thin layer drying was carried out using a fixed bed dryer. In this case there are two variables: the temperature and velocity of the drying air. After that, the material was classified according to Geldart s classification (1973), which allows the inference of important data about the material fluid dynamic behavior in fluidized beds. After having the material classified, a study about the fluid dynamic of the material was performed, followed by its drying in vibrofluidized bed dryer. Tests were carried out to determine the equipment s operating range. Afterwards, the drying behavior was analyzed in different situations, in which air temperature and velocity and also vibration amplitude and frequency were changed. In data processing, diffusive, empirical and ANNs models were fitted to experimental data to analyze which one could represent alumina s drying kinetics. In the range of experimental conditions investigated, it was observed that: alumina s drying kinetics and its fluid dynamic present different behavior for the same dimensionless vibration number obtained from two different combinations of amplitude and frequency; diffusive models fitted well to experimental when the right boundary conditions were used; the empirical models which best fitted to experimental data were Page (1974) and Overhults et al. (1973) models; and a single ANN was able to fit to all the experimental data.
Reumidificação, caracterização e secagem de grãos de cevada em leito fixo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-04)
Albini, Geisa
;
Freire, José Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0018621195367601
In order to contribute to the improvement of the drying process, the objective of this work was the experimental study on the drying of barley. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains of the variety Cauê have been used in this study, as consequence of the scarce information about this material, thus its characterization was necessary, due to the importance of the knowledge of the physical characteristics of the material, such as dimensions, shape, specific mass and porosity, as well as its dependence on different initial moisture contents. The study of the drying kinetics was carried out in a fixed bed dryer with upward air flow in a thin layer. Preliminary experiments were performed to determine the operating conditions of the equipment and to determine the thickness of the thin layer. Drying experiments consisted of obtaining moisture data and temperature versus time, evaluating the influence of the main process operating variables. Based on these data obtained in the drying experiments, carried out at temperatures from 40 to 50°C and air velocity from 0.8 to 4.0 m/s, the influence of the air velocity and temperature drying was evaluated, as well as the procedure of rehumidification of barley grains on the drying kinetics. Kinetic models (Diffusive, Page, Lewis, Herderson and Pabis and Overhults) were fit to drying experimental data. Although the determination coefficient data obtained by the diffusive model are higher than 0,9, experimental data of dimensionless moisture content are underestimated at the intermediate stage to the end of the drying process. The Page model and the Overhults model were appropriate to represent the grains dimensionless moisture content as a function of drying time, but showed an overestimation of the data at the end of the process.
Magnetismo de nanofios de cobalto e níquel fabricados por eletrodeposição em alumina anódica porosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-04)
Varella, André Luiz Soares
;
Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4475272608314836
In this thesis were investigated the magnetic properties of magnetic nanowire arrays of Co and Ni electrodeposited in porous anodic alumina templates. The electrochemical method was employed in the manufacturing steps of templates and growth of nanowires. For the templates, the potentiostatic two step anodization process with gradual reduction of potential at the end of process was employed. The templates presented good regularity, and conductor channels at the pore bottom (dendritic region). The growth of Co and Ni nanowires in porous templates was performed by galvanostatic pulsed eletrodeposition. The samples were characterized morphologically and structurally by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectivelly. For the sample with Co nanowires we obtained nanowires with 65 nm in diameter and 6 μm in length, with hcp hexagonal structure type. For Ni nanowires, samples with 65 nm and 80 nm of diameter and 6μm in length were obtained, presenting an fcc cubic structure type. The magnetic characterization was performed by vibrating sample magnetometry - SQUID, which were performed magnetic moment measurements as a function of magnetic field, temperature and the angle between the applied magnetic field and the main axis of the nanowires. The results showed the directions of easy magnetization axis, the contributions of different types of magnetic anisotropy and influences related to the morphology of the nanowires and the template. For Co nanowires, the shape anisotropy is the most relevant and the easy axis of magnetization is in the direction of the main axis of the nanowires. For the two samples with Ni nanowires, were determined 15º and 26º angles as the respective directions of magnetization easy axis. The effect of magnetoelastic anisotropy is more relevant in the case of Ni nanowires. For both systems (Co and Ni) was possible to verify the importance of morphological factors, in which the diameter and average separation of the nanowires play a key role, because they are directly related to inter-nanowire magnetostatic interaction.
A ciência em romances de ficção científica: leituras e caminhos para a educação em ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-04)
Ferneda, Tulio
;
Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4290518050132385
In this research we have selected a group of science fiction novels and tried to comprehend the way science is pictured in the stories. Pérez and others (2001) synthesize seven misconceptions of science that we used to build categories for a content analysis. The epistemology of Fourez (1995) was also an important perspective to this work. This research represents a possibility to discuss science through literature. The most important results lead us to discuss the connections between science and society: power provided by science and technology and it s ethical issues; conceptions of progress; interaction between science and art, labor, economy, religion; possibilities to establish a bond between natural science and social science like History, Philosophy and Sociology. Although issues about science methods and processes could also be found in the novels, those were not the most important kind. The socio-political aspects of science (PIASSI, 2007) are to be considered the key point of science fiction, and perhaps the most meaningful reason to think about this literary genre with an educational purpose.
“A letra é a mesma, mas a cultura é diferente”: a escola dos Tupinambá de Olivença
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-05)
Santana, José Valdir Jesus de
;
Cohn, Clarice
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5087472600101533
In this dissertation, we aim at understanding how and why the Tupinambá from Olivença make school and how this school has become central in the production of strong people in the culture, update and production of kinship, being a relative and being in the culture, as they usually assert. Thus, we were interested in thinking how being in the culture and becoming strong in the culture are being produced from the school and the relationships enabled and coordinated by it, both internally and externally, in the movement that multiplies the school on the Indigenous territory, especially by the reclaimed areas, in order to understand this multiplier effect that relates to politics among the Tupinambá. This happens because, among these Indigenous people, making school, playing politics, claiming, producing reclaimed schools, being in the culture, producing culture, all these update and produce identity, kinship, being a relative and being smart people.
Avaliação do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) da agricultura familiar : estudo de caso na microrregião de Ubá-MG
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-05)
Oliveira, Leandro Gomes de
;
Batalha, Mario Otávio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851172181112395
The Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National Program of School Food (PNAE) are public policies designed to ensure improve food to two heterogeneous publics, the population who are in situations of food insecurity and students from public schools. These policies have as source of supply the family farming, an important segment responsible for producing much of the food destined to internal market. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the real impact of the PAA and PNAE on suppliers farmers and to know which of these policies have better impact on the development of family farming. There are studies in the literature addressing the impact assessment on the family farm in both the political and in different cities. However, rarely there are studies analyzing the real impact of policies, PAA e PNAE at the same city. From this, the present dissertation aims to evaluate the impact of social programs and PAA PNAE in economic and social conditions of the farmers in Uba city, Minas Gerais. This will be done using descriptive and multivariate statistical and statistical significance test seeking to achieve this goal. The results show that economic impact of the PAA and PNAE in beneficiary farmers were revenue and product quality. Despite this, weren`t find significant differences of these impacts between these policies. In social sphere, variable quality of life impacted positively only on PAA farmers. Thus, it can be said that the effects of public policies are similar and the PAA and PNAE can be treat as complementary policies.
A palavra como concretude do espírito de uma época : o nascer-já-caminhando das ideologias da competitividade e a agricultura globalizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-05)
Caracelli Scherma, Camila
;
Miotello, Valdemir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6214829816320750
Today, there are fabulous discourses, which try to monologize the forms of economic, political and social organization in planetary level, and which present the Globalization as a homogeneous process, fruit of the “natural” course of human history, in their different stages of development. In this context, the discourse of competitiveness as a form of exercise of the universal gain, engine of the current globalization, constitutes a powerful vehicle of global hegemonic ideological production – via discourses of global agents, materializing the neoliberal competitive spirit and shaping the way we see the world and its relations in a globalized age. The repetition of discursive patterns which constitute themselves as hegemonic, constituting discourses of different spheres of human activity, has been studied here based on the thinking of Mikhail Bakhtin and his Circle, especially in regard to semioticideological materiality in relations between infrastructure and superstructures and to the dialogical and responsive feature of language. Thus, I analyze the repetition of discursive patterns by the global hegemonic agents constituting the ideology of neoliberal competitiveness, which borns-already-walking and reachs, in the word concreteness, the discourses of many spheres of human activity. I take, for this, official discourses from the Brazilian agricultural sphere and discourses from de competitive regions of agribusiness to, in them, listen to the voices of the neoliberal competitive hegemony in the globalized Brazilian agriculture. However, studying the discourses of disagreement with this hegemony, it is possible to understand that the process of hegemonization and monologization presents itself only as an attempt, since where is the discourse of the single thought right there are the plural voices and the contradictions. The comprehension of the global competitiveness spirit, in the word concreteness, occurs, therefore, in the relation of this dominant spirit with the words and acts of resistance and rupture to break the global hegemonic order.
Biorreator wave como alternativa para expansão de células estromais mesenquimais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-05)
Silva, Juliana de Sá da
;
Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7148964803818935
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are required by the scientific community in the development and enhancement of therapeutic techniques in different fields of medicine. The MSCs are present in small concentrations in tissues, which makes necessary the expansion in vitro for enable studies and therapeutic applicability. These are cells with high sensitivity to environmental conditions of cultivation. So, for increase productivity in vitro is used the technology of bioreactors in the development of processes in order to produce high cell densities in less time, with reduce use of resources and maintaining a safe operation. The new concepts of "disposable bioreactors", as the wave-induced motion bioreactor or Wave bioreactor, with possibility operating in a closed system, controlled and automated, reduced investment cost and operation, less risk of contamination, higher level biosecurity, added to the fact of being a underexplored technology and already approved by the FDA (Food and Drugs Administration) becomes a highly attractive alternative bioprocessing for cultivation of animal cells in large scale. In this context, the present work aims to develop a protocol for cultivation of MSCs in the Wave Bioreactor System 2/10. Experiments were performed to characterize the CEMs's culture behavior in the Wave bioreactor to obtain high cell productivity while maintaining the therapeutic potential of the CEMs. The experiments were carried out with 2 L Cellbag and Cultispher-S microcarrier with 300 ml of α-MEM medium culture supplemented with glucose, glutamine, and arginine and 15% v/v fetal bovine serum at 37 ° C and pH between 6,9-7,4. In the preliminary experiments it was verified that most of the inoculated cells did not adhere to the microcarriers. It was shown that such behavior is due to low relation between adhesion area (AMC = total projected area of the microcarriers) and wet surface area of Cellbag (ASMCellbag), which in the normal condition of operation results an adhesion between 25,7 and 61,7% of the inoculated cells. To solve the problem were performed experiments reducing ACellbag which enabled improvements in cell adhesion by up to 100%. It was also found low performance of the cell expansion phase, presumably linked to operational problems like: microcarriers segregation in certain regions of the bioreactor causing depletion of nutrients, formation of aggregates of MCs colonized with cells and adhesion of MCs to Cellbag. In addition, it was observed that reducing CEM/MC ratio at the start of the culture, the cell expansion factor could be increased to values equal to or greater than 10. These results show that the Wave bioreactor has good potential for expansion of MSCs and that the same can be improved.
As mulheres em Horacio Quiroga: as personagens femininas nos contos urbanos e nos contos de selva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-05)
Orlandi, Michelle Fernanda
;
Alves-Bezerra, Wilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602719736498812
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8052145464901780
Esta investigación de maestría tiene como su objetivo principal comprender la construcción de los personajes femeninos en la obra del escritor uruguayo Horacio Quiroga. El hecho del autor tener escrito para diversas revistas de variedades, e, incluso, el de tener escrito distintos géneros, influenciaron directamente en su escrita, tanto en el estilo de su producción cuanto en su variedad. En su obra destacamos dos grandes temáticas narrativas: los cuentos urbanos y los cuentos de selva. Pretendemos entender las mujeres que habitan estos distintos universos narrativos criados por Quiroga; así, analizamos cada temática sus riesgos y sus especificidades y como reflejan en los personajes que los habitan, en especial los femeninos. Basados en estas informaciones, nos proponemos a analizar tres de sus textos, que en géneros y temáticas distintos tratan de una misma figura femenina: la prostituta. Son ellos el relato Tangos redentores (19126), y los cuentos Los mensú (1914) y Una estación de amor (1912). Para tratar de las revistas de variedades buscamos referencias en El imperio de los sentimientos (2004), de Beatriz Sarlo; sobre Quiroga y su obra encontramos informaciones en Horacio Quiroga El escritor y el mito (2007), de Pablo Rocca y El desterrado Vida y obra de Horacio Quiroga (1968), de Emir Rodríguez Monegal. Para el análisis del narrador, Las voces de la novela (1985), de Oscar Tacca.
Estratégias de melhoria do bioprocesso de produção de enzimas celulolíticas por Aspergillus niger a partir de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para a produção de etanol de segunda geração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-05)
Cunha, Fernanda Marisa da
;
Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
;
Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018
The second generation ethanol (2G) production from sugarcane bagasse is a promising strategy to increase ethanol production per hectare. The 2G ethanol production comprises the steps of biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis of lignocellulose polymers into simple sugars, fermentation and purification. Aiming to reduce 2G ethanol production costs, the development of more efficient bioprocesses for the production of cellulase with high specificity to lignocellulose hydrolysis is needed. Therefore, the goal of this work was finding the cultivation condition more favorable to the production of enzymatic cocktails with higher performance on sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis and 2G ethanol production. In order to achieve this, the implementation of strategies to improve the bioprocess for cellulase production by Aspergillus niger in a stirred tank bioreactor was carried out. The enzymatic production under a new fermentation method, referred to as sequential fermentation (FSeq), was compared to the conventional submerged fermentation method in both shake flasks and stirred tank bioreactor. Experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of the fermentation method, agitation speed, pH control, sugarcane bagasse pretreatment and particle size, and impeller type on enzyme production using sugarcane bagasse as substrate. The highest enzymes production in cultivations using Rushton turbine impeller were 1,599 and 4,212 IU.L-1 for endoglucanase and xylanase, respectively, in cultivations under the new FSeq method, using steam explosion pretreated sugarcane bagasse of particle sizes smaller than 0.5 mm, agitation speed of 700 rpm, aeration of 0,5 vvm and pH 5.0. Cultivations carried out using the Elephant ear up-pumping flow impeller allowed higher enzymes production of 2,712 and 5,837 IU.L-1 for endoglucanase and xylanase, respectively. Given the superior performance of FSeq method in comparison to the FSm method, the decision was made to evaluate the FSeq method in cultivations employing different Aspergillus sp strains and with different lignocellulosic substrates, such as wheat bran, soybean meal, and mixtures of wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse, in shake flasks cultivations. Besides the steam-explosion pretreatment of the sugarcane biomass, which had shown to be favorable to endoglucanase production, the liquid hot water pretreatment was also evaluated, which was found to be favorable to xylanase induction. The enzymatic cocktails produced were employed on sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis, combined with a commercial enzyme, and the extracts produced under the FSeq method resulted in a percentual hydrolysis gain about 10% higher than FSm cocktails. Moreover, the 2G ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates by FSeq cocktails were up to 7% more efficient than the ethanol production using FSm sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. The results obtained here validate the new sequential fermentation method as a promising strategy for the production of enzymatic cocktails with higher enzymatic activities as well as with higher performance on sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis and 2G ethanol production in comparison to the FSm method. The findings concerning the effects of different operational variables and cultivation methods on (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes production in a stirred tank bioreactor will contribute to the development of three-phasic cultivation systems employing different types of lignocellulosic biomass in bioreactors.
Localização dos barorreceptores no tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Teleostei: Serrasalminae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-05)
Armelin, Vinicius Araújo
;
Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9483179037044768
The cardiovascular system plays the fundamental role of supplying the needs of the animals bodily tissues. It both provides the cells with a variety of elements that are essential to their functioning and drains potentially harmful substances, such as metabolites. All of these items are transported through the blood, the propulsion of which is determined by the pressure gradient created by the heart. In addition to promoting circulation, blood pressure is also directly involved in the maintenance of many other physiological processes, making the preservation of this variable at satisfactory levels a prerequisite for an organism s vitality. In light of this need for ideal pressure levels, important mechanisms for blood pressure regulation have been selected during the evolutionary history of vertebrates, and the baroreflex serves as a clear example. These reflexes begin with the monitoring of arterial pressure by baroreceptors, which constantly inform the central nervous system (CNS) of the condition of this variable. The CNS is thus able to change heart rate and systemic vascular resistance in order to normalize arterial pressure when necessary. Though the operation of the baroreflex is already widely understood and though baroreceptors have been located in mammals, these issues are not elucidated and remain quite controversial when it comes to fishes. Thus, the objective of this work was to locate the baroreceptors and their afferences in a teleost, the Colossoma macropomum. To do so, the occurrence and efficiency of the baroreflex were analyzed when this mechanism was induced by pressure imbalancements in intact fish (IN), fish with the first pair of gill arches denervated (G1) and fish with all four pairs of gill arches denervated (G4). The pressure imbalancements were promoted by the administration of the α1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and the α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, and the baroreflex was assessed using an electrocardiogram that measured heart rate (bpm), relation between pre- and post-pharmacological manipulation heart rates (%), the time required to reach maximum chronotropic baroreflex response, and total heart rate variability (ms). The results revealed that the barostatic reflex was attenuated in the G1 group and nonexistent in G4 group indicating that baroreceptors may be exclusively located in the gill arches of teleosts.