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Investigação de estratégias de seleção de conteúdo baseadas na UNL (Universal Networking Language)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03) Chaud, Matheus Rigobelo; Di Felippo, Ariani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4655951844884252
The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed increased attention to Multilingual Multidocument Summarization (MMS), whose goal is to process a cluster of source documents in more than one language and generate a summary of this collection in one of the target languages. In MMS, the selection of sentences from source texts for summary generation may be based on either shallow or deep linguistic features. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the use of deep knowledge, obtained from a conceptual representation of the source texts, could be useful for content selection in texts within the newspaper genre. In this study, we used a formal representation system the UNL (Universal Networking Language). In order to investigate content selection strategies based on this interlingua, 3 clusters of texts were represented in UNL, each consisting of 1 text in Portuguese, 1 text in English and 1 human-written reference summary. Additionally, in each cluster, the sentences of the source texts were aligned to the sentences of their respective human summaries, in order to identify total or partial content overlap between these sentences. The data collected allowed a comparison between content selection strategies based on conceptual information and a traditional selection method based on a superficial feature - the position of the sentence in the source text. According to the results, content selection based on sentence position was more closely correlated with the selection made by the human summarizer, compared to the conceptual methods investigated. Furthermore, the sentences in the beginning of the source texts, which, in newspaper articles, usually convey the most relevant information, did not necessarily contain the most frequent concepts in the text collection; on several occasions, the sentences with the most frequent concepts were in the middle or at the end of the text. These results indicate that, at least in the clusters analyzed, other criteria besides concept frequency help determine the relevance of a sentence. In other words, content selection in human multidocument summarization may not be limited to the selection of the sentences with the most frequent concepts. In fact, it seems to be a much more complex process.
Efeito da imunização com vacina do antígeno recombinante de superfície SpaA de Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : modelo murino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03) Camillo, Luciana; Silva, Adilson José da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1782925261548587
The swine erysipelas is a disease caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, globally distributed. The pig farming is expanding, and pork is the most consumed in the world. Large investments have been made to increase these herds, especially in the search for vaccines. The disease is currently prevented by vaccination of flocks, but the existing formulations (inactive or attenuated pathogen) can aggravate problems of arthritis in these animals. For the development of new vaccines, free of E. rhusiopathiae cells, the protein SpaA (Surface protective antigen A) appears as a major antigen in studies. We evaluate, in mice, the immune response and the efficiency of two formulations based on SpaA antigen, and compared the results obtained with a commercial vaccine prepared with inactivated cells of the pathogen. The formulations used were: a) living cells of recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium - SL3261 expressing SpaA; b) SpaA purified protein and aluminum hydroxide (v/v). After immunization and challenge of the animals, we evaluated production of antibodies (ELISA) and the inflammatory cells profile systemic infection by E. rhusiopathiae. The results showed that the purified antigen can promote 50% protection (with an over-dose challenge 50xDL50) of a virulent E. rhusiopathiae. In the DL50 challenge, we analyze the cellular profile, antibody production, and interleukin dosage. The purified protein vaccine promoted negative modulation of the output inflammatory cells from bone marrow into the blood, compared to only infected group. There was a specific IgG production against rSpaA, and the most antigenic vaccine was the purified protein, compared to commercial vaccine and recombinant Salmonella vaccine. By analysis of interleukins (IL-4 and IL-12) and IgG1 and IgG2a subclasses, we found that vaccines stimulate both the Th1 response as Th2, being observed more likely to Th2 response. Thus, these data suggest that SpaA purified protein is capable of stimulating an immune response with protective character, reducing the risk of secondary impairments like those occurring with the use of inactivated vaccines to pathogens.
Contribuições de um programa educacional de introdução à linguagem cartográfica tátil para alunos com cegueira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03) Giehl, Fabiana Cristina; Campos, Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3169299095370522; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6067769643299024
Based on the understanding that the appropriate use of tactile maps facilitates the interpretation of space and its use for students with visual impairment, this study emphasizes the importance of educational programs towards the reading and interpretation of a map. This study aimed to analyze the contributions of an educational program to introduce the tactile cartographic language to students with visual impairment. In order to perform this research it has carried out a descriptive investigation outlined by a multi case study. The participants of this research were two teachers who assist on Specialized Educational Service (AEE), two teachers from regular school and two students with visual impairment with different ages (seven and ten years old). The research it has developed with the application of the following tools: semi structured interview; questionnaire and pedagogical evaluation. All data were registered in diaries, filming and photography. The content of interviews, pedagogical evaluation and diary were submitted to the theory of content analysis. The educational program has contributed to improve the ability of students with visual impairment to identify the tactile cartographic variable used in maps. In this context, it is suggested that the Tactile Cartography make part of the curriculum of graduation in Geography, Pedagogy and all related graduation courses in order to prepare teachers to work with students with visual impairment.
Autistas em idade adulta e seus familiares : recursos disponíveis e demandas da vida cotidiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03) Rosa, Fernanda Duarte; Matsukura, Thelma Simões; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0435082658179293
The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has as one of the main aspects the abnormal or damaged development in the social interaction, communication and a restrict amount of interests; modern studies show that the autism prevalence rate is around 20/10’000. It is a fact that the progress of these disorders happen in an individual way, proportionally to the severity levels and environmental conditions, through all of life stages. There are evidences that support that the demands from these disorders affect directly the familiar daily life, in a way that can make the people who care for them to experience crisis in their familiar dynamic as well as the rise of stress and depression symptoms. International studies towards ASD patients in adulthood show the prevalence of the impairment in speech and social interaction in this stage of life, as well of compromised levels of independence and social inclusion and; in addition, the researches point to a shortage of specialized services and the lack of a formal support to these people and their families. This study had as its objective to comprehend the reality and demands of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their family members, in the matter of their quotidian, their linking to health and/or education institutions, social insertion and perspectives to the future. The study participants consisted of 67 family members of people with ASD in adulthood. In order to meet the objectives, two studies were conducted. The first study aimed to search for institutions and /or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) focused on people with ASD in adulthood and their families in the Brazilian territory, totalizing an amount of 101 institutions and NGOs who performed calls to Adults with ASD. The second study consisted in comprehending the reality and demands of individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders as well as of their families, in which it was used an identification form for collecting general data of the participating families, a questionnaire about the daily events of individuals with autism and their families through the course of the research and WHOQOL – abbreviated, evaluating aspects of Quality of Life of caregivers. To find the participants, we made contact with the coordinators of each institution, NGOs and groups located in Study 1 and the invitations to participate in the study were presented to the family members. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and using the technique of the Collective Subject Discourse. Among the key findings, it is shown that the majority of autistic adults still attend to educational institutions, specifically special schools and that they live with their parents and have never received any preparation for entering the job market or the possibility of housing outside the family. Focusing in their families and the quotidian, the participants reported that their lives revolve around care activities related to the person with ASD and that their main sources of social support were their own family members. The family members also recognize the support from the institutions with which the person with autism is linked, though there is a lack of services and institutions that offer an adequate support to adults with ASD. Among other demands, they highlight the need of qualified institutions to young people and adults with multidisciplinary teams, full-time care as well as support services offered to families. In relation to the future, it is discussed the need of improvement in public policies and deeds towards school inclusion in professional courses and universities; preparation and insertion in the labor market, better explanations and promotion of the construction of residences destined to receive also adults with ASD; as well as a higher number of services that offer support to the families of those with ASD.
Responder condicional e responder por exclusão em cães domésticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03) Fenner, Marina Castana; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2600586924375052
Exclusion is a behavioral process that seems to be found in human and non-human, in which, in the presence of an undefined sample stimulus, the participant excludes a defined comparison stimulus and selects a comparison stimulus that is also undefined. This study aimed to verify if exclusion could be replicated using the same procedure of the classic study of Dixon (1977) and dogs as experimental subjects. The procedure employed an automated apparatus that presented stimuli, recorded the operant responses on a touch screen and released food pallets, and a semi-automatic equipment, which performed all of the above functions, but reinforcement was released manually by the experimenter. The research was divided into three studies. Study 1 aimed to teach prerequisites to perform the experimental task; Study 2 had the intention to teach two audio-visual relations; and the Study 3 aimed to teach a second audio-visual relation and to verify the evidence of exclusion. Studies 1 and 2 made possible the completion of the Study 3. Study 3 was planned in four phases: C1Z1 Teaching - the Z1 visual stimulus was presented as S+ in response to a verbal command (C1), while two visual stimuli (Z2 and Z3) were presented as S-; Exclusion in the presence of new verbal commands used as samples (C2 and C3), the two visual stimuli, which before had Sfunction, took the S+ function; C2Z2 Teaching - the relation probed in the previous phase was directly taught (C2, Z2 + / Z1- and C2, Z2 + / Z3-); Exclusion - probes C3Z3 relationship, not directly taught. The results were analyzed in order to verify if the carried out procedures promoted: (1) conditional relations or a discrimination of the occasion to respond; and (2) exclusion. The results do not allow us to say with certainty whether the established control was only discriminatory or whether there was conditional control, which impedes a conclusion about the potential for exclusion responding in dogs. The discussion suggests that the teaching of conditional relations at the baseline requires switching between samples and their discriminative stimuli, without which the sample cannot acquire the conditional stimulus function, making the procedure a simple discrimination procedure.
Ensino de Geografia para alunos com cegueira no ensino fundamental: contribuições da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03) Pastoriza, Taís Buch; Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7043898818290058
The demand for specialized educational assistance and for adapted resources in regular schools, especially after the Constitution of 1988 and the Law for Guidelines and Basis for National Education, 1996, dictates challenges for teachers in terms of equivalent teaching and learning opportunities for students with or without disabilities, in a way that the same content is assured to be learned by both. Thereunto, some conditions are necessary and in their absence challenges appear for the offer of good quality teaching. The goal of this research was to analyze the a pedagogical intervention on geography contents teaching in a classroom, of grade 5 of Primary School, in which there is a blind student enrolled in the municipal school of Salto-SP. The methodological procedures were: interview, questionnaire, observation, field notes and pedagogical intervention. The data analysis was based on the theoretical reference of Historical-Critical Pedagogy and its substance. In the research many challenges were identified for the teaching and learning of blind students, which are: the deficit of adapted educational material and the lack of continuous education of the teacher and the teacher assistant. As a conclusion, we point that the adapted educational material isn't enough for geography teaching of blind students. Some conditions as the teachers' education and work condition must be considered. Besides that, in order to the learning of blind students to happen it is necessary to give them the opportunity of social interaction and the teacher's pedagogical mediation. The delegation of pedagogical functions to the teacher assistant or the caregiver, with no pedagogical education, establishes a disadvantage of appropriation of knowledge between the disabled student and the others. Briefly, the teacher is the main responsible for the learning of the student, disabled or not, and this requires the conditions above mentioned. As a final result, it was verified that the blind student learned the contents which were taught during the pedagogical intervention.
Espaço absoluto no ensaio kantiano do primeiro fundamento da distinção das regiões no espaço (1768)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03) Marques, José Luciano Verçosa; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5868300187607650
The main objective of this dissertation is to present the kantian text Concerning to the first principle of distinction of regions in space, from 1768, under a perspective that goes over the simple conception from Kant against the relational theory of space. If this aspect is important in 1768, definitely is not the only one. The kantian argument is, in itself, more complex, because, besides proving of the reality of absolute and unique space, it involves more concepts. Firstly, the kantian argument can t be understood without reference to the method utilized by the philosopher in his exposition. Secondly, by the same reason, the kantian argument against Leibniz can t be understood by the merely defense of newtonian absolute space, even though it s quite closely to this notion. In third place, in the position to intend to prove the absolute space s reality, the argument of 1768 Essay has consequences to the manner in which we have to represent the space. Finally, as consequence the 1768 s argument against leibnizianian conception of relational space has consequences to the own way in which Kant interprets the substance s metaphysics of Leibniz. In this way, when we can only understand the 1768 s argument in its hole complexity, it s possible to understand how important this text is to the Form and principles of the sensible world and of the intellectual world dissertation, to the radical development of the kantian thought as a whole and, specially to the critical conception of sensibility.
Clonagem, expressão heteróloga e caracterização parcial da trealase periplasmática de Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri e do seu envolvimento com a fitopatogenicidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-03) Alexandrino, André Vessoni; Goto, Leandro Seiji; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1241086430897870; Novo-Mansur, Maria Teresa Marques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1198926223396748; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2594277065273566
Citrus canker imposes damages to citriculture by causing drop in productivity and fruit quality and the absence of effective control and cure. Thus, the economic potential of citrus is limited in part by this disease mainly caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XAC) that presents the greatest virulence and broad spectrum of citrus hosts, compared to bacteria Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii types B (XauB) and C (XauC). In a proteomic analysis previously performed by our research group, periplasmic trehalase was identified as a protein which expression differed between XAC e XauC in an in vitro induction of pathogenicity. Trehalase is an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis reaction of trehalose, a disaccharide composed of two glucose units, which role in the plant-pathogen interaction is poorly understood. One of the objectives of the study was to obtain this enzyme in purified form using an IPTG-inducible heterologous expression system in E. coli, for purposes of partial characterization of its structure and activity. The recombinant XAC periplasmic trehalase is a monomer bearing wide pH stability and showed Michaelian kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for trehalose was 0,124 ± 0,015 mM and Vmax 17,319 ± 0,035 μMol glucose.min-1.mg protein-1 . Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated the following composition of secondary structures: 42.7% α-helices and 13% β-sheets. A gene knockout method based on double homologous recombination between the genomic DNA and suicide vector pNPTS138 has made possible to obtain a strain deleted in the gene encoding the periplasmic trehalase (XACΔ0604), which enabled to evaluate the relationship between this gene and the XAC pathogenicity in Citrus aurantifolia. Infiltrated leaves with XACΔ0604 showed drenching and necrosis of plant tissue and intense brownish pustules compared with wild XAC, suggesting greater virulence of the mutant strain. The periplasmic trehalase activity was compared in XAC and XauC cell extracts from two culture mediums, non-pathogenicity-inducing (CN) and pathogenicity-inducing (XAM-M). Interestingly, XauC has showed higher enzyme activity compared to XAC in XAM-M. Thus, the noticeable higher XACΔ0604 pathogenicity and the greater activity of XauC periplasmic trehalase compared to XAC are indicatives that trehalose may promote pathogenicity.