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A experiência estética no Cerrado para a formação de valores estéticos e éticos na educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-26) Iared, Valéria Ghisloti; Oliveira, Haydée Torres de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1273203310250467
Our world views are based on principles, feelings, emotions that go through a dimension of human life which involve ethical and aesthetic values. However, the formation of values is a less explicit dimension of environmental education compared to the appropriation of knowledge. Some studies confirm the relative silence of aesthetic considerations in the literature and curriculum, so this topic has the potential to be further explored in research and in environmental education practice. Based on an interpretative perspective, we assume as aesthetic experience the possibility of our bodies engaged in the world to realize and create meanings of all forms of existence. From this, this study aims to understand the nature of aesthetic experience in the Cerrado, due to its history of occupation and degradation. In this research, we transition between the modern and post-modern paradigm in order to deeply understand the meaning of aesthetic experience. This transition is the result of our study pathway which was willing to seek for approaches and methods to answer the research question. Therefore, our data collection was carried out using two techniques: 17 semistructured interviews (understood in a modern paradigm, but interpreted together with the research participants) and a walking ethnography in the Cerrado (located as a post- modern methodology), which 08 participants who had already been interviewed were present, and 04 out of 08 were part of the data collection The participants were invited following the criteria of a life story related to the Cerrado, reflecting on a love involvement regarding this environment.The results indicated that the informal and spontaneous experiences in nature, moments of conflict and dialogue were significant for the development of an affective bond and an ethical stance towards the Cerrado. The walking ethnography put the prospect of analyzing the aesthetic experience of the participants moving in the Cerrado and the researcher was also engaged in the aesthetic experience of the Cerrado along with the participants. Instead of being a dialogical and verbal action, this activity is embodied and the focus is the multisensorial experience which involves multi-dimensions of corporality and connections with the materialities of the more than human world. The data that emerged during the walk in the Cerrado supplemented the interviews. In addition, we identified that the participants of this study had an ethical position in relation to the Cerrado, which we attributed to be from the dialogue among participants and family, friends, coworkers and text readings. However, this relationship can not be considered the same in other groups of people, situations and contexts. Therefore, new research questions that continue investigating the relations between aesthetic experience and ethics are necessary.
Depressão e ansiedade em população com quadros reumatológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-26) Jaoude, Thaísa de Carvalho; Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4273980531985019
Rheumatic diseases have been defined as those relating to musculoskeletal and connective tissues. Through the analysis of the literature it is observed a significant prevalence among patients with these pathologies, and both depression and anxiety. The present study investigated, in two different studies, the relations between rheumatic diseases and mental disorders. The Study 1 presents a literature reviews organized in the form of article. The manuscript presents the product of a literature review in brazilian and foreign databases, in the last 25 years, examining the results on the prevalence of mental disorders in rheumatic diagnoses patients, particularly anxiety and depression. The review was organized to systematize the principal addressed rheumatologic diseases, the countries where the investigations were implemented, the populations investigated in these studies, and the prevalence observed between depression and anxiety in each case. In Study 2 indicators of depression and anxiety in users of rheumatology ambulatory are described, in a health and teaching unit, with exclusive service to users of the Social Health System. It was evaluated 85 patients, 76 women and 9 men, aged between 41 and 70 years. In the evaluation, the following instruments were used: 1) The questionnaire for survey of general information; 2) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); 3) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); 4) Inventory of Stress Symptoms of Lipp (ISSL); and; 5) Brazilian Economic Criteria of the ABEP. The results showed that 51.8% of the sample had a education equal or less to complete primary, and 31.8% are retired or removed by social security provision. In addition, 68.2% of them were identified as inserted into economic classes with power consumption equal or less than to Class C1; 37,6% of users had two or more diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. Indicators showed that 43.5% of users were under medical treatment with at least one psychotropic substance, with treatment duration ranging from 2 to 21 years. Users under psychotropic drug prescription had significantly higher scores of depression (Mann-Whitney: z = 6.513, p <0.000), anxiety (Mann- Whitney: z = 6.083, p <0.000) and stress (Mann-Whitney: z = 6.119; p <0.000). The rheumatics diseases most frequently found in the population were Fibromyalgia (n = 33), Osteoarthritis (n = 33) and Rheumatoid arthritis (n = 24). In the general population, there was a prevalence of 43.5% of depression, 57% anxiety and 31.4% of stress. Considering the prevalence of depression in the Fibromyalgia, Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis were observed respectively values of 87.9%, 60.6% and 37.5%. Anxiety showed a prevalence of 72.7% in Fibromyalgia, 36.4% in Osteoarthritis, and 29.2% in Rheumatoid Arthritis. It was discussed the importance of evaluation and multidisciplinary intervention, in particular the psychologist role, for the care of rheumatic diseases.
Search for enzyme inhibitors in cerrado plants as strategy for the discovery of prototype drugs against neglected tropical diseases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-26) Sousa, Lorena Ramos Freitas de; Vieira, Paulo Cezar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3468067160878475
A primeira etapa deste trabalho de pesquisa envolveu uma triagem de extratos de plantas do cerrado paulista através de ensaios frente à arginase (ARG) de Leishmania amazonensis. Os resultados de inibição enzimática da ARG apresentados pelos extratos, levaram ao fracionamento biodirecionado dos extratos de acetato de etila (folhas e galhos) de Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth. (Malpighiaceae). Alguns compostos bioativos foram isolados (flavonóides, ácido galoilquínicos, uma lignana, uma fenatrenona e uma ortoquinona) o que indicou que estes compostos seriam os responsáveis pela diminuição da atividade enzimática da ARG observada nos extratos de B. coccolobifolia. Os flavonoides e os ácidos galoilquínicos apresentaram modo de inibição do tipo não-competitivo da ARG, com atividade inibitórias significativas (IC50 = 0,13 à 4,8 μM) e com forte afinidade (valores de Ki variando entre 0,10 à 3,80 μM). Os estudos de relação entrutura atividade (SAR) revelaram que o grupo catecol dos flavonóides, tanto como a unidade galoila das estruturas dos ácidos galoilquínicos, forneceram importantes características em relação as interações ARG inibidor. Na segunda parte deste trabalho, experimentos subsequentes foram realizados para investigar os produtos naturais frente a proteases, as quais possuem funções importantes na patogenicidade de virus e parasitas, tais como: as serino proteases NS2B-NS3 dos vírus da dengue serotipos 2 e 3 (dengue), a rodesaína de Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (tripanossomíase africana), a cruzaina de Trypanosoma cruzi (doença de chagas), a catepsina L de Leishmania mexicana (leishmaniose) e a falcipaina-2 de Plasmodium falciparum (malária). Através destes estudos foram descobertos alguns inibidores das proteases NS2B- NS3 dos vírus da dengue (tipo 2 e 3) e da catepsina L (r-CPB2.8) de L. mexicana. Os flavonóides agatisflavona, miricetina, e quercetina (Ki = 11,1; 4,7; e 20,7 μM; respectivamente) mostraram inibição do tipo não-competitiva frente à NS2B-NS3. Também foram realizados, um experimento de termoforese em microescala (MST) (ensaio livre de substrato) e um estudo in silico, de forma a obter maiores informações sobre as interações biomoleculares envolvidas. Os metabólitos secundários, agatisflavona e ácido 3-oxo-urs-12-en- 28-óico, foram determinados serem inibidores do tipo não-competitivo parcial da catepsina L do tipo r-CPB2.8, e a tetrahidrorobustaflavona como um inibidor incompetitivo desta catepsina L (r-CPB2.8), com valores de Ki na faixa de micromolar (Ki = 0,14−1,26 μM).
Ação da vitrocerâmica bioativa (Biosilicato®) no processo de reparação óssea em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-26) Kido, Hueliton Wilian; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; Bossini, Paulo Sérgio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1256982144741336; Renno, Ana Claudia Muniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4106611304688552; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2913551944409323
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two different Biosilicate® (P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 system) presentations - highly porous scaffold and composite material – on a tibial bone defect model in rats. Two studies were performed; the first one aimed at evaluating the effect of highly porous scaffolds on bone regeneration using histopathological analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunoenzymatic assay. In this study, 80 male Wistar rats (12 weeks old and body weight of approximately 300 g) were divided in two groups (control and Biosilicate®) and euthanized after 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post-surgery. The histopathological evaluation revealed that both groups presented similar inflammatory responses after 3 and 7 days. At all time points, the scaffold degradation was observed, mainly in the border of the material, allowing the ingrowth of newly formed bone. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the Biosilicate® scaffolds induced the synthesis of (i) ciclooxigenase 2 (COX-2), (ii) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and (iii) runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2). Additionally, the immunoenzymatic assay indicated that the Biosilicate® group did not presented significant statistical difference in the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in all evaluated periods compared to the control group. In addition, the Biosilicate® group presented a higher concentration of interleukin 4 (IL-4) at day 14 and a lower concentration of interleukin 10 (IL-10) 21 days after the surgery when compared to the control group. The second study aimed at investigating the effects of Biosilicate®/poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) composites on the process of bone repair using histopathological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and gene expression (Real-Time PCR, qRT-PCR) analyses. In this study, 80 male Wistar rats were distributed in two groups (Biosilicate® and Biosilicate®/PLGA) and euthanized 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after the material implantation. The main findings showed that the incorporation of PLGA into the Biosilicate® had a significant effect in the material morphological structure, leading to a pH decrease and accelerating the mass loss upon incubation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Moreover, the histological evaluation revealed that the Biosilicate®/PLGA group presented a higher material degradation accompanied by a higher bone formation when compared to the plain Biosilicate® after 21 days. The immunohistochemical analysis did not show any difference in the immunolabeling for Runx2, RANKL and OPG between Biosilicate® and Biosilicate®/PLGA. In addition, the qRT-PCR indicated that the Biosilicate®/PLGA induced the osteogenic gene expressions (bone morphogenetic protein 4, Runtrelated transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin) at 21 day after surgery. The results evidenced by the present studies suggest that both materials (highly porous Biosilicate® scaffolds and Biosilicate®/PLGA composites) were effective in inducing the repair of tibial bone defects in rats, demonstrating that these materials are promising alternatives for treating bone fractures.
Tafonomia e morfologia de cingulados quaternários da Gruta da Lapinha, Iramaia-BA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-26) Jesus, Jorge Felipe Moura de; Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4277988664353633
Gruta da Lapinha is one of the largest limestone caves in Bahia state, located in Municipality of Iramaia. In the year 2012 speleologists of Grupo Pierre Martin de Espeleologia (GPME Pierre Martin Speleology Group), discovered a complete skeleton of Holmesina major. In 2014, in a joint expedition between researchers of Federal University of São Carlos and GPME, three more specimens were found and glyptodonts remains. In a taphonomic analysis it was concluded that due to the integrality of the bones, the sedimentation patterns and the lack of some marks, those animals entered alive in the cave probably in search of resources and posteriorly dead locally, however, the deposition of the glyptodont material happened asynchronously to the pampathere ones. And all of the fossils collected in this cave were of cingulates. Cingulata is the order of xenarthrans that has the largest number of species and the widest geographical distribution in the present time; however, it is only reduced to the Family Dasypodidae. During the Pleistocene there were more than one Family; Pampatheriidae was one among them. In that Family, the species H. major was distributed from Northeast to South of Brazil through the eastern regions. Most of what is known about the geographical distribution of those animals is due to their osteoderms that has been found; nevertheless, few specimens with an almost complete skeleton had been found. This paper makes a literature review about phylogenetic relationships and paleoecology of pampatheres; describes two well-preserved new specimens of H. major found in Bahia state, detailing new structures of Pampatheriidae, such as pelvis and xenarthrous vertebrae; compares the specimens, analyzing inter- and intraspecific variations; and concludes that H. major treats being a clade distinct from H. paulacoutoi.
Tradução das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos cursos de Medicina de 2001: análise do projeto pedagógico das universidades federais da região sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-26) Arruda, Fernando Teles de; Pereira, Sissi Marilia dos Santos Forghieri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8136814539282369; Lima, Valéria Vernaschi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7945420582384290; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8508917130738044
The numerous changes in health care, is creating the need for revaluations and adjustments in vocational training policies. The health graduation, particularly medical training, has been challenged in this regard. In Brazil, the National Curriculum Guidelines, adopted in 2001 to guide the Pedagogical Project Course (PPC) health degree, are considered a major milestone in training, promoting the fight against health conditions of the population, expressed in health needs through a critical and reflective formation. Fourteen years after the publication of the DCN- 2001, the goal of this research was to analyze the translation of these guidelines in PPC's. the medical graduation projects of Federal Institutions in Southeastern Brazil were analyzed. The sample was composed of 12 institutions, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the analysis of PPC's was built / validated an evaluation matrix. two axes were analyzed (i) curriculum and (ii) professional profile, according to the constituent elements of DCN. The analysis of PPC's identified the category "general profile egress" as the one closest to the Policy and Health Management category as the more distanced. The simple publication of the guidelines, as well as its translation in PPC's do not guarantee their applicability, but are an important indicator of educational Instituição. This research points to the need to create the PPC's discussion environments, stimulating sharing experiences, achievements and challenges, respecting the uniqueness of each institution, but stimulating the advancement towards the guidelines.
Conceito de letramento: desafios e implicações no processo de aprendizado da língua materna - perspectiva bibliográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-26) Ohde, Halide de Quadros; Reyes, Cláudia Raimundo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9917860612494529
This dissertation falls within the research area of School Education: Pedagogical Theories and Practices. Its central theme is the concept of literacy within the initial learning of the mother tongue of schoolchildren. The origin of the dissertation is the results of previous research which conducted a survey of the occurrence of the concept of literacy. That particular study identified that the theoretical approaches used to support the concept of literacy were stable, with no major variations, and that they were encapsulated in the dichotomised view of the initial learning of the mother tongue and literacy. From that starting point, this MA dissertation set out to research the theoretical foundations of literacy used in PhD theses that have studied the process of learning the mother tongue, and to check if there has been progress in relation to the theoretical bases of those theses. Our hypothesis was that we would find in these theses greater reflection and new perspectives on the topic, which would go beyond the dichotomous view of the initial learning of the mother tongue and literacy. Consequently, this dissertation is characterised as a meta-search, which aimed to identify the theoretical foundations of literacy concepts, and to verify possible advances in academic discussions on this topic, within the PhD theses completed in 2002 2013, and which were available in the database of the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. For our analysis we used a theoretical framework based on studies on the subject by Geraldi, Kleiman, Tfouni, Soares, Ferreiro, Bakhtin, Freire and others. Our methodological approach was inspired by the perspective of content analysis, with the work of Laurence Bardin as a theoretical reference, since we chose to perform a study that categorised by data, developing a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results point to the existence of academic research at the doctoral level involving the theme, and indicate a possible stabilisation of the theoretical bases of the initial learning of the mother tongue and literacy, indicating the dichotomy between both topics, as well as evidence of advances in relation to the idealist and humanist conception of literacy.