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Programa computacional para análise e verificação de seções de concreto armado e protendido com flexão oblíqua composta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Silva, Leonardo Martins e; Carvalho, Roberto Chust; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3643832044819726
In this paper, a free analysis program is presented for the verification of ultimate and serviceability limit states of reinforced or prestressed concrete sections with polygonal shape submitted to axial forces and biaxial bending. In addition, the program also calculates the bending-axial force-curvature relation (M, N, 1 / r) of the sections, which can be used in further analysis, for example, the general method for calculating pillars. For this is used the object-oriented programming, so that this work can be resumed and amended, providing technical material for future work in the same line, therefore provides that the calculation routines along with the program. The programming lines and routines includes explanations of its operation to encourage its further use as part of other programs. The data entry is presented as a form and the program enables the exchange of data, both input and output via text type files. The criteria adopted follows the brazilian standard ABNT NBR 6118: 2014, which compared to the previous version features suggestions for concrete with superior characteristic strength higher than 50 MPa. The structure of the routines is presented so that criteria of other standards, or updates of the same Brazilian standard referenced, can be easily implemented. Some validation examples for the program are presented in different situations and finally commented and listed some other extensions which can be made.
A ética do desejo : estudo etnográfico da formação de psicanalistas em escolas lacanianas de psicanálise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Antonio, Maria Carolina de Araujo; Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2183333256045294
These researche approaches the relation between the construction of the person and the production of knowledge operated by/in lacanian psychoanalysis, as theory and therapeutical practice, through etnographic description of the training process of psychoanalisis. The field work was done in psychoanalytic institutions that follows the framework of School (created by Jacques Lacan), in São Paulo and Buenos Aires, in which it was possible to observe the institutional organization, its devices of training and to establish interlocution with its members and its “students”. The psychoanalytic institutional movement conjugates centralization and segmentation of power/knowledge in the production of its leaderships, wich were constituted by a kind of “master-analyst/disciple-analysant” relation set dawn in the transmission of the clinical expertise. The lacanian institutions is organized hierarchically, based in the differential classification of the members, in accordance with the distribution of the title of psychoanalyst between them. Through a ritual procedure, the process of analyst formation is witnessed for al the analytical community, which confers meaning to the associative experience and proves the therapeutical effectiveness in the construction of new models of subjectivation. Taking as reference the conception of the interlocutors about the professional vocation as related with the submission to the analytical experience, was problematized the articulation between psychoanalytic theory and therapeutical practice in the construction of processes of individuation and psychological realities in the terapeutical process. Psychoanalyzes is seen here as mixture of science, belief, philosophy, and guided by dualism thougths as nature/culture, body/soul, conscious/unconscius, subject/object. Although the lacanians members of the School demand a statement of rationality specific to psychoanalysis and critic of the psychiatric knowledge, they updated, on other ways, aspects of the hegemony, control and authority of the medical knowledge in public ou private clinical attendance of yours patients. With the proposal to accomplish an anthropology of psychoanalysis, were considered emic categories as “subject of desire”, “analytic cause”, “ethics of desire” and “politics of psychoanalysis” to understand the relations and the meanings articulated for the professional experience, the clinical practice and the statute of psychoanalysis in the mental health context by the lacanians members of the School.
Expansão de ontologia através de leitura de máquina contínua
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Barchi, Paulo Henrique; Hruschka Júnior, Estevam Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2097340857065853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289869993059448
NELL (Never Ending Language Learning system) (CARLSON et al., 2010) is the first system to practice the Never-Ending Machine Learning paradigm techniques. It has an inactive component to continually extend its KB: OntExt (MOHAMED; Hruschka Jr.; MITCHELL, 2011). Its main idea is to identify and add to the KB new relations which are frequently asserted in huge text data. Co-occurrence matrices are used to structure the normalized values of cooccurrence between the contexts for each category pair to identify those context patterns. The clustering of each matrix is done with Weka K-means algorithm (HALL et al., 2009): from each cluster, a new possible relation. This work present newOntExt: a new approach with new features to turn the ontology extension task feasible to NELL. This approach has also an alternative task of naming new relations found by another NELL component: Prophet. The relations are classified as valid or invalid by humans; the precision is calculated for each experiment and the results are compared to those relative to OntExt. Initial results show that ontology extension with newOntExt can help Never-Ending Learning systems to expand its volume of beliefs and to keep learning with high precision by acting in auto-supervision and auto-reflection.
Compreensão do planejamento por enfermeiros das equipes da estratégia saúde da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Oliveira, Conrado Augusto Ferreira de; Sampaio, Sueli Fatima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0017866361251952
The Unified Health System (SUS), in its institutional organization has decentralization policy and the creation of health districts and / or the municipalization of health services by Law 8080, September 1990. Decentralizing the management and services health requires increased operation and decisions at the local level power, for proposed changes in services and effective changes in health care. In order to articulate the current reality with health strategies and health actions in the medium and long term, and through the ability to conduct a situational and systematic calculation, planning emerges as the main tool to support current health policies. Given the plurality of modes of planning by health teams of the family, this study aimed to identify how it's performed by the Planning Family Health Teams, the main potentialities and challenges faced by the teams, how they are organized in its realization and with that encouragement of municipal managers. It is field research, carried out through the qualitative research methodology, whose setting was the city of Uberlândia-MG. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews that took place between May and September 2014. The analysis and interpretation of qualitative material were carried out by content analysis technique proposed by Bardin (2000). The results show that teams consider accomplish in your daily planning, despite the difficulties they face as embezzlement of team members, and territorial population above recommended. Understanding the planning of the coordinators of the teams approaches in most accounts of what is proposed in the strategic and participatory planning, however, it is clear that this understanding is retained in the theoretical field, and little is approaching practical reports of the teams. Specifically on the popular participation in the planning, neither team surveyed pointed to community participation in the planning of actions and services. In some findings can already identify recent changes proposed by the current Municipal Health Plan (SMP). For municipal management can achieve the proposed objectives PMS, there is still a long way to go, which arguably involves the construction of strategic and participatory planning by the Family Health Teams, so that it can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their actions and contribute significantly to improving the health status of the population. We point out three paths that can strengthen the planning of health teams of the municipal family: the expansion of municipal support in planning teams in addition to the reports and health indicators; establishing methods that can support the coordinators and their teams in the construction and implementation of planning; stimulating popular participation / social control in the preparation of participatory planning. It is understood that other studies in this area may show new ways to strengthen planning for the qualification of actions and proposals of services in partnership with the population and municipal management, contributing to greater resolution for improving access and quality of life communities under their responsibility.
Programa de intervenção familiar para a estimulação de linguagem em crianças com síndrome de Down
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Mayer, Maria Grazia Guillen; Lopes-Herrera, Simone Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1937961006585927; Almeida, Maria Amélia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316944549621648; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1980113167777266
Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and changes in cognitive skills is a primary consequence, and appears as a result of structural and functional abnormalities of the central nervous system. These changes also influence the relationships that the child establishes in her environment, assuming, therefore, that the child acts more passively in the environment in which she operates. Families of children with Down syndrome may have behaviors during the interaction that do not adequately stimulate language development of these children. The aim of this study was to develop and implement an intervention and guidance program on language stimulation for families of children with Down syndrome. Related to the methodology, three families of children with Down syndrome (DS) participated; the interaction recordings between the family member chosen as target participant (in this study the target participants were sisters of children with Down syndrome) and the child were used. For the intervention, the researcher chose four games that can be used to stimulate children's language and worked with the target participants behaviors that during the games stimulate the language of these children. The recordings were made in the participants’ homes and check the intervention results a multiple probe design was applied. As for the results it was found that there was a change in target participants behavior after intervention and it was observed that there were significant improvements in children receptive and expressive language. In addition, the researcher acted as mediator providing information, guidance and helping these families in relation to school aspects and SD - demonstrating the importance of mediation in family Empowerment.
Avaliação da expansão de células estromais mesenquimais em biorreator de escoamento em Vórtices de Taylor (BEVT)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) González Gil, Liseth Viviana; Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0402210458004107
The mesenchymal stromal cells (CEMs), considered a promising alternative due to the characteristics of self-regeneration and differentiation potential, occur in small amounts in different tissues of an adult individual. Because of this and the need to obtain them in large quantities for use in clinical treatments, there has been a strong demand for new types of bioreactors for its large-scale cultivation. Thus, a suitable characterization of mass transfer and shear forces are necessary for the improvement of these bioreactors. In this scenario, the present study finality was to evaluate the hydrodynamic characteristics and oxygen transfer to the CEMs cultivation in a Taylor vortex flow bioreactor prototype (BEVT), designed for oxygenation through a silicone membrane. To evaluate the oxygen transfer characteristics measurements were performed by the dynamic method for obtaining the volumetric coefficient of global mass transfer (KTLA). The shear stress, generated at different rotation speed conditions, was estimated from literature correlations for Taylor flow. The results obtained with the use of KTLA membrane were relatively high with values between 4.80 and 11.53 h-1 in the rotation speed of the internal cylinder between 60 and 120 rpm. The shear stress showed low values in relation to other types of bioreactors, with lower values 1N / m2 for speeds between 60 and 90 rpm. BEVT Benefits were also observed considering the hydrodynamics presented in the vortex with the whirls size calculated by the Kolmogorov scale. The results of cultures of hMSC-TERT lineage adhered to the microcarrier Cultispher® S in alpha-MEM medium culture with 15% v/v fetal bovine serum were satisfactory, showing a suitable adaptation of the cells to the BEVT oxygenated and hydrodynamic environment. Was obtained a considered high specific growth rate (0,032 h-1) and a maximum expansion factor of 9 with the addition of microcarriers after 120 h of culture. Altogether, the results show that the BEVT fulfills the cultivation technology requirements required by the CEMs and becomes a convenient alternative to culture other adherent, susceptible to caking and hydrodynamic forces sensitive animal cells.
Otimização multiobjetivo da produção integrada de etanol de primeira e segunda geração e energia elétrica : aspectos ambientais e de processo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Potrich, Erich; Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028; Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1836832210012870
Currently there is a growing increase in fuel consumption, but also an increased concern about the end of fossil fuels and their environmental damage. In this scenario, secondgeneration ethanol (E2G), produced from sugarcane bagasse, appears as an option to increase the production of first generation ethanol (E1G), produced from sugarcane. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of ethanol, the generation of electricity, CO2 emissions and vinasse into an E1G and E2G autonomous distillery through multiobjective optimization. This assessment has been formulated in terms of multi-objective optimization problems in virtual biorefinery modeled in EMSO (Environment for Modeling, Simulation and Optimization). The modeling of closed water circuits, CO2 production in the boiler and in the fermenter, and the process of concentrating the juice and vinasse streams through multiple-effect evaporators, and the multiobjective optimization involving the production of E2G, electric energy and production of CO2 and vinasse were performed. The modeled biorefinery processes 500,000 kg/h of sugarcane and burns, in addition to bagasse, 35,000 kg/h of sugarcane straw. The multiple effect evaporators for the broth concentration generated savings of around 18% in turbine backpressure exhaust steam when compared to a process with a single effect. The concentration of the vinasse through multiple-effect evaporators can cause a reduction in flow rate of more than 70%. The obtained non-dominated solutions in multiobjective optimization studies have shown a relationship among the production of ethanol, vinasse, energy and CO2 as a function of the decision variables: bagasse fraction diverted to produce E2G, and fraction of vinasse concentrated in multiple effect evaporators. Nondominated solutions are in the bagasse fraction range from 0.01% to 50.09%, and vinasse fraction comprises values greater than 14.09%. Among the solutions, ethanol flow was between 35,730 kg/h and 41,633 kg/h. CO2 production can reach values above 187,000 kg/h considering the CO2 released in the fermenters and in the boiler. On the issue of electricity generation, values above 83,000 kW can be reached. The results showed that the methodology used was efficient and the proposed objectives have been met.
Atividades biológicas de duas espécies de Myrsine L. (Primulaceae) e de Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Miranda, Maria Augusta Ferraz Machado; Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2161395552450330
Plants species from Brazilian savanna often have defense mechanisms in response to the low nutrient content of the soil, the light intensity, the competition for resources and drought, pronounced by deep water deficit, to which they are subjected. This area is a potential source of bioactive compounds that still little explored and potential phytochemical studies of these species are important to this preservation. Biological invasions are one of the main factors threatening the Brazilian savanna biodiversity. Many plants are initially introduced as ornamental species and subsequently become invasive. Invasive plants are generally more competitive than the other species and tolerate unfavorable conditions. This advantage can be explained according to the "Novel weapons hypothesis". It proposes that invasive plants have secondary metabolites that act as allelochemicals and present new challenges to native species. Thus, secondary metabolites of invasive species in the Brazilian savanna are also an important area of phytochemistry being investigated. Therefore, we hypothesized that native species from Brazilian savanna, Myrsine umbellata and Myrsine coriacea, and the alien specie, Tithonia diversifolia, produces secondary metabolites that have different biological activities, including insecticidal, antifungal and phytotoxic acitivities, favoring their establishment in this environment and have economic importance for agriculture and pharmaceutic industry. In the Chapter 1, the biological activity of leaf extracts of M. umbellata and M. coriacea, was evaluated. The in vitro antifungal effect of leaf extracts of these two species was evaluated against Pythium aphanidermatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum acutatum, three important crop pathogens. We also evaluated the insecticide potential of these extracts against Spodoptera frugiperda, known as fall armyworn, an important pest that causes damages to many crops. Finally, the total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts of these two species was quantified by the DPPH method. In the Charpter 2 we evaluated the phytotoxic potential of leaf, stem and root extracts from T. diversifolia. Bioassays of wheat elongation coleoptile seed germination and seedling growth are performed. The Ethyl Acetate leaf extract was the most active extract and was selected to continue the isolation studies and the identification of compounds. The chromatographic separation of this extract allowed us the isolation of 12 sesquiterpene lactones (STSs), 1 secosesquiterpeno, and 1 diterpene. Two STSs are reported for the first time in this study, 8β-O-(2-methylbutyroyl) and tirotundin 8β-O-(isovaleroyl)tirotundin. The high phytotoxic activity of the extracts and compounds, especially the majority, 1β-methoxydiversifolin, tagitinin A and tagitinin C, indicates that allelopathy may be responsible for their establishment in this habitat. In the Chapter 3, the T. diversifolia Ethyl Acetate fractions were tested for insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda and it was observed a significant reduction in the pupal weight of the caterpillar. This may be an indicative of the presence of toxic substances to this insect in these fractions, however, this reduction in the pupal weight is not associated with the majority compounds tested. Thus, we conclude that the studied plant species have secondary metabolites with promising biological activities and economic importance for agriculture and pharmaceutical industry.
Monitoramento em tempo real e simulação de controle da umidade de pós produzidos pela secagem de pastas em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Vieira, Gustavo Nakamura Alves; Freire, José Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1342880297913111
The direct control of the product moisture content in dryers would be more interesting. However, as it happens with other processes, it is a concentration control, which is commonly dependent on slow or expensive procedures for industrial purposes. One way to reduce these costs is by using other sensors, whose response is faster, which have a lower cost and which can supply the required information for a physical-mathematical model which represents the process. In this context, the aim of this work was to use a virtual sensor for the online measurement of the moisture of the powder produced on a spouted bed used for drying of pastes. In order to do so, firstly water evaporation and whole milk drying experiments were carried out, for the determination of the dynamic behavior of the analyzed drying process. Afterwards, a hybrid CST/neural model was satisfactorily fit to experimental data for posterior use as a part of the virtual sensor. The sensor was able to estimate the powder moisture content, even when the dryer was submitted to open-loop disturbances. The virtual sensor was then used as a part of a simulated inferential controller for the powder moisture content. A classic PI controller was used. The controlled variable was the powder moisture content (inferred by the hybrid neural model) and the manipulated variables were those related to heat transfer. Two similar situations were simulated: one which uses the air inlet temperature as the manipulated variable and other which uses the heating rate as the manipulated variable, the latter being the manipulated variable in the real dryer. In these simulations, the dryer was submitted to simulated set point tracking (servo controller) and disturbance rejection (regulatory controller). Both simulations resulted on good closed-loop performances, without offsets, overshoots or oscillations, attaining to the set point condition within a short time interval.
Caracterização da liga amorfa Cu36Ti34Zr22Ni8 processada termomecanicamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Medeiros, Bruno Bellini; Jorge Júnior, Alberto Moreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6360362248108490; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045536501621727
Glass forming ability (GFA) is one of the big issues to obtain large bulk metallic glasses, which are composed of three or more elements. Regardless of an increasing theoretical understanding of glass formation, taking a look in the vast multidimensional compositional space, the increasing number of elements is concerning. How many? How long will we take searching good-inexpensive compositions for applying in the near-net-shape processing predestined to BMGs? Here, we present the results of Cu36Ti34Zr22Ni8 alloy processed either by melt cooling or milling, which was subsequently hot compacted. After the processing by two routes was verified that the GFA of ribbons was poor and for powders and bulk samples was improved by increasing of 96 K in the crystallization temperature (Tx) After analysis by transmission electron microscopy, corrosion and syncrotron light was observed phase separation in the 3 materials. Phase separation can decrease, that can explain the ribbons behavior. However, after synchrotron data processing, including Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation was observed a GFA improvement (~10 times greater than in the ribbons) due to an increased interaction between small-large atoms. Evidently this behavior was attributed to differences in the processing. This finding indeed proffers a brand-new viewpoint of the metal's amorphous state, and has implications in the understanding of the structure as being as well a consequence of the processing. This will open a new highway toward the reuse of already developed interesting alloys, which will have the same composition but with a significant improvement in the GFA.
Arqueologia da imagem no ensino de língua portuguesa no Brasil (1960-2010)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Santos, Jocenilson Ribeiro dos; Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8985943014913431
This thesis’ general goal was to investigate the emergency conditions and the progressive rise of the imagery usage as didactic nature in Portuguese language textbooks. One of the specific goals was to study the theoretical assumptions, which have guided the teaching/learning of reading and the text comprehension, altogether, and the imagery, in a particular way, considering the historical overview of the linguistics studies’ institutionalization in Brazil – established in the educational politics started in the military government. The guiding question of our research has as proposal to answer: which changes occurred in the didactic texts’ production before the 1960’s, specially in relation to the usage exploration of the image, and which factors guided these changes in the Portuguese teaching? We guided theoretically in the French discourse analyses, in especial in the undertaken in theoretical development by discourse linguists, to avail themselves from the archaeological approach of Michel Foucault. Besides of that, we joined up in a history conception developed by Christian Puech for a history of ideas and of the knowledge representations in language science. Between the key concepts of these two complementary approaches, we mobilize, in especial, the “enunciation”, “discourse”, “archive” and “semiology”, while we define “imagery”, considering our interest in to understand the semiological nature and discourse history in images in pedagogic context. This also allowed to observe their contemporary usages in didactic and evaluative texts produced and put into circulation in Brazil in the latest five decades. Then, our archive was constituted by politic-pedagogical documents (anthology, books, manuals, official documents), whose snipped was defined in a corpus represented by an anthology and twelve textbooks. As results of this research, we found three discursive determination orders which enable the emergency progressive of imagery in the Portuguese teaching: i) historical-political determination when we notice that the educational project of the military regime influenced directly the entrance of the visual languages in the teaching; ii) theoretical-scientific determination of a lot of orders that presents extension of the language concept and, in the same time, contradictions from a conceptual point of view in a same book (language = communication instrument = feeling history constitution). In this aspect, the communication theory, implemented vertically in the military regime leads to the school a language conception, of text and of language as conditioning instrument and individual practices, being gradually modified by others scientific discourses concomitant movement of new official documents since 1996; iii) technical-cultural determination that put in scenery the importance of usage and of the reading of many languages in the scholar environment (specially, the imagery in textbooks), enabling an abuse of fixed images in the last ten years.
Uma estrutura de vizinhança baseada em árvore de cobertura aplicada em uma colaboração de algoritmo genético e VNS para a minimização de makespan em problemas de programação reativa da produção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Tuma, Carlos Cesar Mansur; Morandin Júnior, Orides; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0916152883066962
The generation of Reactive Production Scheduling (PRP) in order to minimize the makespan is an important activity in the manufacturing industry, in view of the numerous articles reflecting this search today. Among these studies highlight the global search use in hybridization or collaboration with local search, especially of Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). But see that the neighborhood structures used are not related to the goal of makespan minimization or when they are, are difficult to obtain. In order to cover this topic, this thesis proposes the hypothesis that a strongly correlated neighborhood structure with objective of makespan minimization in PRP problems, based on spanning tree, and applied on a collaboration among a genetic algorithm with VNS, perform better or equal to those obtained by other studies using other neighborhood structures or without the use of local search. The purpose was to construct a collaboration of GA and VNS using a neighborhood structure based on the mapping of the solution in the spanning tree associated with the problem, in the local search time, and operating with the insert, swap and 2-opt operators. The planning of experiments for validation contemplated since the implementation and comparison of four variants of reactive production scheduling in three job shop scenarios of different sizes. Each pair of comparisons had its calculated sample size and has been tested with the appropriate hypothesis test. The four variants were compared: Genetic Algorithm only and three collaborations of GA with VNS using the neighborhood structure proposal and two other neighborhood structures (Critical Path and Natural Representation) found in the literature review. The scenarios came from Taillard base. The tests corroborate the hypothesis, with 95% confidence, compared to other works and the main contribution of this thesis is to create an efficient method for minimizing makespan in PRP.
Aplicação de CLEA de β-amilase de cevada na produção de maltose a partir de amido residual do bagaço de mandioca em reator de fluxo em vórtices
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Silva, Rafael de Araujo; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3644040952695236
Cassava is cultivated worldwide, being Brazil the fourth largest producer. The root industrial processing in the country, aiming to obtain mainly flour and starch, generates carbohydrate-rich residues (e.g., starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose), which could be used to produce value-added products by enzymatic route, mainly using immobilized enzymes that are more operationally stable, allowing to be easily recovered and reused in the process. Thus, this work aimed the biotransformation of residual starch from cassava processing in maltose, using immobilized β-amylase in a Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille vortex flow reactor, which can promote perfect mixture under lower shear stress in the reactional medium compared to the conventional stirred-tank reactor. Cassava bagasse and peel of two starch-processing industries from São Paulo State were physicalchemically characterized and showed about 47% and 55% (dry mass) of residual starch, respectively. The starch was enzymatically extracted from the residues using a α- amylase, followed by maltose production catalyzed by immobilized barley β-amylase. Among the immobilization methods studied in this work, the best one for β-amylase was protein aggregation using bovine serum albumin (BSA) or soybean protein (PS) as protein feeder, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (CLEA technique). This protocol yielded immobilized β-amylase with 82.67% and 53.26% of recovered activity, respectively. Besides, the CLEAs were highly stables at 40oC, retaining more than 80% of the initial activity after 12 hours. The maltose syrup production from starch was performed using a Couette–Taylor–Poiseuille vortex flow reactor, in order to evaluate the β-amylase CLEAs (in this case CLEA of β-amylase prepared with soybean protein, here named CLEA-β-PS). It was achieved around 70% of maltose conversion in a short reaction time (4 hours), showing that is viable the use of residual starch as raw material for the production of maltose catalyzed by β-amylase CLEA in a Couette–Taylor– Poiseuille vortex flow reactor.
Proposta de uma sequência didática com o uso de recursos diversificados para o ensino e aprendizagem de tópicos específicos de astronomia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-03-31) Moreira, Raphael Henrique; Pessanha, Márlon Caetano Ramos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6347223505034848; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3408313281933592
The current challenges of the Brazilian education are given in different planes, are those related to structural conditions, a real recognition of the importance of teacher and their training, and the pedagogical innovation. This latter aspect involves rethinking approaches and resources used in teaching. Considering this, in this work was prepared a didactic sequence intended to help improve the teaching and learning of a specific science theme related to the topic Earth and Universe: location by visible stars in the sky. This theme includes what is suggested in the National Curriculum Parameters and in the curriculum of the São Paulo state for students of the 7th graders of elementary school. The didactic sequence was planned using some principles contained in the Potentially Significant Teaching Units (UEPS), in the Teaching-Learning sequences (TLS) and in problem situations. The educational product was created to articulate various teaching resources, some already available for students of the public school of São Paulo, and others built in this work, as a Board Game and a model for the construction of Southern Cross Constellation. The didactic sequence was applied in a class of 7th graders of a elementary public school in São Paulo, i.e., in a real environment of education. As a result of the implementation, it was observed that some activities of the SD contributed to fulfill of requirements necessary for there to meaningful learning: the student predisposition for learning and the availability of potentially significant materials.