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Envelhecimento, experiência e competência : uma abordagem ergonômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-29) Nunes, Gabriela Salomé; Camarotto, João Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6197370976834464
The study of the relationship between aging, experience and competence has gained great attention because of the paradox faced by industries related to age and knowledge of its workers. You can see inexperienced young people with high-level training as opposed entering the labor market for older workers with less education, however with more experience. It is known that the aging labor situation puts physical and psychological changes resulting from advancing age, but also causes the increase of experience, which enables to accelerate and enrich the production process generating evolution of workers' skills. Several studies have been conducted principally aiming to understand the relationship between aging and work, however, most of these aging studies only in extreme ages beyond, focusing on losses resulting from the process instead of positives. Thus, in order to understand how the regulation is among the factors related to aging and gain experience as well as the development of skills of operators within a structural assembly sector, was held a review of the literature followed a study case in an industrial sector of aircraft assembly. Participants were five operators of different ages and working time. The data was collected by conducting interviews within the productive sector, followed by Work Ability Index questionnaire and perform the analysis of the activity. The data collected allowed the observation that the benefits arising from the gain experience and acquire skills stand out relative declines caused by chronological aging. Furthermore, it was observed that learners operators use a longer time to complete their activities, prioritized performance of the task on time at the expense of health protection and presenting a more detailed and preformed action sequence. It was also observed that the interaction between experienced operators and apprentices is critical for the exchange of knowledge in occupational environment. Thus, the study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between aging, experience and expertise focusing on the positive aspects that permeate this relationship.
Posseiros e possuidores : conflitos sociais na formação da estrutura fundiária em São Carlos-SP entre 1850 e 1888
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-29) Silva, João Paulo da; Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0292366225326790
This research has as its objective the analysis of the social conflicts during the process of land structuring of the region that currently comprises the city of São Carlos-SP, in the second half of the 19th century. The period of analysis, from 1850 to 1888, was chosen for being an important transition period in the country, marked, above all, by the Lei de Terras of 1850 and the abolition of slavery. It is also comprised within this time frame the early days of the transition of the production model in the region, away from the raising of animals and the production of foods destined for immediate necessities, to a model founded on coffee plantations, a model that already featuring capitalistic traits, modeled on a more disciplined and continuous work regime. The main documental scope that guides the research is a collection of civil lawsuits concerning land questions. Nonetheless, I combine the lawsuits with other sources, like land registries, censuses, Almanaques and journals. Despite sharing a semantic similarity, as well as a common etymological origin with the word “ownership”, “squatters” (“posseiros”) and “owners” (“possuidores”) will take on opposite meanings in the context of agrarian disputes of the 19th century: the former were stigmatized as poor invaders who did not have the means to make the land productive and to legalize it; the latter were the ones who, besides having ownership of the land, also possessed land titles. However, the construction of these categories is not as linear as it might seem at first sight. On many occasions, social and political prestige would supplant the necessity for proof of property titles. Small and medium-sized farmers had a hard time transforming their lands into legal property. Thus, I put forward the hypothesis that “posseiros” and “possuidores” are categories that, far from being fixed and having stable definitions, outline a historical process of conflict. In this way, I seek to comprehend the object of my research, in the light of the notions of primitive accumulation present in Marx, and most of all, in Thompson; and the notion of stigma, present in Goffman and Norbert Elias. I also intend to find out, with the chosen theoretical and empirical foundations, how a group of free laborers earned their place in the social dynamics of the region at the time.
Estudo da assembleia de quirópteros (Mammalia: Chiroptera) da Gruta do Riacho Subterrâneo – município de Itu – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-29) Rocha, Alana Drielle; Bichuette, Maria Elina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3538058970773331
The objective of the present study was to analyze the taxonomic composition and structure of a bat assemblage of Gruta do Riacho Subterrâneo, a granitic cave located the municipality of Itu, São Paulo State, Brazil, and to verify the influence of abiotic variables on its structure. The main hypotheses were: a) The cave studied is important to the regional diversity of bats functioning as a shelter to some important bat species. b) There are changes in the composition and abundance of the bat assemblages as a consequence of abiotics changes observed in the studied area. Five samplings were carried out along the twelve months.The captures were performed using mist nets and bats were measured and ringed. The catch effort, relative abundances, the species acumulation curve and the influence of abiotic variables on chiropterofauna were determined. The influence of abiotics variables were analysed by multiple regression and canonic correspondence analysis, performed in the R program. A total of 113 individuals were captured in the cave and its surrounding area, from which more than 80% belonged to the family Phyllostomidae and the remaining to the Vespertilionidae. The acumulation curve for the samples indicated that the assymptotic portion of the curve was not reached. The most abundant species were Carollia perspicillata (30,8%), Desmodus rotundus (29.%) and Myotis sp. (23.4%) whereas some other species as Anoura geoffroyi, Micronycteris sp., Chiroderma doriae, Sturnira tildae and Eptesicus diminutus had single events of capture. There was no significant relationship between the abiotic variables measured and the community structure along the time, indicating that probably other factors might be influencing the population dynamics. The cave community has high species richness encompassing five important trophic guilds, particularly the frugivorous one, revealing the importance of the Gruta do Riacho Subterrâneo cave for the conservation opf local diversity. Based on the functional aspects of thisconservation and also restauration of the cave surrounding area will be essential to diversity conservation for this important group of mammals.
Tunelamento ressonante de férmions massivos de Dirac em sistemas de simples e dupla barreiras em monocamada de grafeno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-04-29) Teixeira, José Dilson da Silva; Bittencourt, Antonio Carlos Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1105838755157684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5717081374450972
Nowadays, several efforts have been made by research groups around the physical properties of the graphene in view of the possible technological applications of their unique structural and electronic properties. The graphene comes as a fort candidate to substitute the inorganic semiconductors. Initially in this work, we made a description of the graphene crystal structure to elucidate its nature. The electronic properties of this material are attractive due to several analogies between the transport phenomena and other phenomena studied by quantum electrodynamic as, for instance, Klein tunneling. From the point of view of the tight-binding approximation, we obtained the dispersion relation and the structure of the energy bands of the graphene, thus outlining its electronic spectrum. Also,we indicated some curious results that demonstrate the atypical nature of this material. The main objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the charge carriers by the transfer matrix technique to obtain the numerical solution of transmissivity, conductance and tunneling current density in the graphene. The transmissividade was analyzed as function of the incident energy and of the angle of incidence for systems with single and double potential barriers, emphasizing the effect of the variation of the gap of energy. We also verified quantum oscillations due to Fabry -Pérot interference and Klein tunneling - an unique property in the graphene. The insertion of the energy gap generated the gap in the transmissivity curve, as well as resonant peaks that become more sharper with the increment of that gap. From the transmissivity results, we enlarged our understanding of the electronic properties in relation to conductance and current density in the graphene. Such properties are shown quite favorable the production of nanoelectronic devices of high performance..