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Análise dos méis de abelhas do gênero Melipona (abelhas sem ferrão) através de LC-SPE/NMR, LC-BPSU/NMR e RMN aliada à quimiometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-07) Pinto, Darlene da Silva; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0816545279227770
In Brazil, there are approximately 200 species of stingless bees, especially in the Amazon region. The Melipona seminigra and the M. interrupta are species that stand out in Central Amazon, since they are abundant and have great honey potential; however, little is known about the chemical constituents of the honey varietals produced by these species. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the honey varietals produced by the aforementioned species through LC-SPE/NMR and LC-BPSU/NMR techniques in order to identify the minor constituents. The 1H NMR technique combined with chemometrics and with the determination of the isotopic 2H/1H (SNIF-NMR) ratio was also used in order to evaluate the authenticity of commercial honey varietals. The varietals considered authentic were acquired from the apiary of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) and the commercial varietals were bought at different stores in the north region. The SNIF analysis showed that all evaluated types of honey come from the C3 biosynthetic cycle and, thus, through isotopic analysis, it was possible to infer that there was no adulteration to the varietals when it comes to addition of sugar directly to the honey or to the feeding of bees and it was also possible to observe that the bees did not prefer plants of different cycles. Nonetheless, the chemometrics clearly showed another type of fraud performed in the commercialization of stingless bee honey. It was possible to observe the difference between authentic and commercial honey varietals, especially due to the presence of 5-hydroxy-methyl-furfural (HMF) and citric acid only in the commercial varietals. Only two of the ten commercial honey varietals analyzed grouped together with the authentic ones. In order to determine the origin of these commercial types, some samples of honey produced by bees with stings (Apis melifera) were also analyzed. The results showed the grouping of commercial honey varietals bought as being from stingless bees together with the honey types from Apis melifera. From the chemometrics analyses, the presence of phenylalanine and threonine was clear only in the authentic honey varietals, which helped in the separation of the commercial varietals. Through the LC-SPE and LC-BPSU techniques, it was possible to identify 5 substances in the honey varietals from M. seminigra, and 19 in the varietals from M. interrupta, of which 11 had never been reported in honey.
Mineração de padrões sequenciais e geração de regras de associação envolvendo temporalidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-07) João, Rafael Stoffalette; Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0409203389633082
Data mining aims at extracting useful information from a Database (DB). The mining process enables, also, to analyze the data (e.g. correlations, predictions, chronological relationships, etc.). The work described in this document proposes an approach to deal with temporal knowledge extraction from a DB and describes the implementation of this approach, as the computational system called S_MEMIS+AR. The system focuses on the process of finding frequent temporal patterns in a DB and generating temporal association rules, based on the elements contained in the frequent patterns identified. At the end of the process performs an analysis of the temporal relationships between time intervals associated with the elements contained in each pattern using the binary relationships described by the Allen´s Interval Algebra. Both, the S_MEMISP+AR and the algorithm that the system implements, were subsidized by the Apriori, the MEMISP and the ARMADA approaches. Three experiments considering two different approaches were conducted with the S_MEMISP+AR, using a DB of sale records of products available in a supermarket. Such experiments were conducted to show that each proposed approach, besides inferring new knowledge about the data domain and corroborating results that reinforce the implicit knowledge about the data, also promotes, in a global way, the refinement and extension of the knowledge about the data.
Efeito in vitro e in vivo da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobial sobre streptococcus mutans presentes em acessórios metálicos ortodônticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-07) Panhóca, Vitor Hugo; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6145200370366650
Demineralization and caries are often present in patients with orthodontic braces due to the increased accumulation of dental biofilm containing Streptococcus mutans, which produces acids that attack the tooth surface. The Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (APDT) has been shown as an alternative in microbial inactivation in dentistry. This work, carried out both in vitro and in vivo, aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of APDT on Streptococcus mutans present in the dental biofilm accumulated on the metal surface of orthodontic appliances and in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The in vitro study evaluated the susceptibility of biofilm formed by S. mutans on the metal surface under the application of orthodontic appliances APDT induced Curcumin diluted surfactant (SDS) and blue light-emitting diode (LED). The samples were treated with the photosensitizer (PS) at a concentration of 1 g/L, 0.1% surfactant and exposed to LED light (455 ± 10 nm, 46mW/cm²), fluence of 30 J/cm². The experimental groups studied were: control group (P-L-S-); light (P-L+S-), surfactant (P-L-S+) and photosensitizer (P+L-S-) groups; surfactant-light (P-L+S+), photosensitizer-surfactant (P+L-S+) and PDT (P+L+S-) groups; and the PDT-surfactant (P+L+S+) group. Each group was named accordingly to the addiction or not of the photosensitizer (P+ or P-), surfactant (S+ or S-) and application or not of light (L+ or L-), respectively. The colonies grown on plates of brain heart infusion (BHI) were counted (CFU / mL) and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey test (p <0.05). The results showed that in this research protocol, the group P+L+S+ was able to promote significant decrease (p<0.001) on the population of S. mutans of 99.999% compared to the control group. In the in vivo study, 24 volunteers were randomly selected in order to evaluate the clinical utility of APDT and the APDT association with the surfactant (SDS) as oral decontamination agents in orthodontic patients. The selected patients (n = 24) were randomly divided into seven groups: G1 - Negative control, G2 - Curcumin mouthwash, G3 - Curcumin mouthwash+SDS, G4 - light irradiation, G5 - APDT, G6 - APDT+SDS and G7 - Positive Control (chlorhexidine 0.12% moutwash). Saliva samples were collected from unstimulated way of each patient in three steps (S) as follows: S1 - initial condition S2 - Treatment with rinsing (water, curcumin or chlorhexidine) and S3 - After APDT. The photosensitiser used was curcumin with concentration of 1 g/L. Two types of blue LED light source emitting in 450±10nm were used in the present study: one emitting with an intensity of 33.54 mW/cm² and other with 212 mW/cm². Evaluation of microbial reduction, and survival fraction in each of the studied levels, was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test. Statistical analysis showed that only G6 and G7 presented results of bacterial inactivation that showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) compared to those observed in G1. These results indicated that APDT, when combined with SDS surfactant, may be used as an adjunct agent for convenient oral decontamination promoter in vivo.