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O ensino de geometria euclidiana : possíveis contribuições da história da matemática e da resolução de problemas de George Polya
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-08) Cáceres, Fábio; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1029781486356875
The primary goal of this dissertation was to evaluate possible contributions that History of Mathematics and Theory of Problem Solving, by George Polya, allied, can offer to the teaching and learning process of some concepts of plane Euclidean geometry, primarily aiming at awakening logical reasoning, visual perception, and geometric thinking of students completing Primary Education. The research was motivated by the need for a more practical, realistic approach of geometry concepts. According to such purpose, a didactic sequence was built and a questionnaire was completed by subjects previously selected, involving a historical, non-routine, challenging problem, in order to lead the students to the historical solution or to other one(s), with the help from the teacher and Polya’s heuristics. We sought to answer the following question: what knowledge is produced by students involved in mathematical tasks inserted in the historical context? In the written records of students we found knowledge of geometric nature, such as visualization, representation, and broadening of mathematical vocabulary regarding use adequate geometric terms.
Qualidade do solo em áreas restauradas no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-08) Sanglade, Lucas Dias; Casagrande, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7227235855217660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2098982131643266
Ecological restoration is an emerging field of restoration ecology, and is widely used as an important tool for biodiversity conservation. However, appropriate indicative allocations of soil quality for the assessment and monitoring of forest restoration projects are still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil quality of four restored forests of different ages, a forest remnant and their agricultural surroundings in the State of São Paulo through chemical, physical and microbiological soil parameters by categorization by the weighted additive model. To measure the discrimination of soils due to the different locations and types of land use, the weighted additive model, along with a soil quality index (SQI) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used. The PCA differentiated the forests of their agricultural environments and locations with a prevalence of physical and chemical parameters in the distinction between the matrices. The parameters soil organic matter, total cation exchange capacity, phosphorus, soil bulk density, porosity, microbial biomass carbon and microbial activity had higher averages in the forests matrices, being higher in older forests. There was differentiation in soil quality of the studied forests, where the highest rates were obtained in the remaining forest soils and older restored forests. All forest areas showed higher rates compared to their respective agricultural environments. Finally, the SQI used were efficient for the identification of the areas, having potential as a tool to support decision-making on environmental issues.
O ensino de frações inspirado na pedagogia Waldorf
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-08) Gonçalves, Natalia de Barros; Ramos, Adriana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1067090731407577; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6002683277601646
Teaching fractions represents a great challenge for most teachers from the fourth grade of Elementary School until High School. To offer to the Elementary School teacher one more tool to reach students in a more satisfactory way, this work has researched and applied a more artistic way to teach the contents cited above, inspired in Waldorf Education. It was created by Rudolf Steiner right after the First World War. Besides the artistic part, it was also considered the rhythm of teaching proposed by Steiner, respecting the age of the students and calling successively to the thinking, the feelling and the will during all class activities. The work was done in a class of the sixth grade of the E.E. Prof. Adail Malmegrim Gonçalves during the year of 2013 and considered the teaching of Fractions from the very beginning.
Dimensões do desenvolvimento do complexo industrial Portuário de Suape : política econômica e política social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-08) Gumiero, Rafael Gonçalves; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3606249612497573
Industrial Port Complex of Suape (IPCS) project has a long trajectory and can be understood in four different moments of deployment in the history of regional development policy experiences to the Northeast. The first moment, 1955-1970, constitutes the studies coordinated by CONDEPE- highlighting to the research of Lebret in 1955. The second, 1970-1982, is characterized by the institutionalization of the PPS by the Pernambuco government in 1974 and the formulation of its first director’s plans. The third, 1983-2014, in the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, appears the PPS as one of the largest ports in Brazil. But, it was from 2006 that has emerged as one of the largest projects of the federal government, which brought together investments of its programs: Growth Acceleration Program (PAC); National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES); Northeast Constitutional Financing Fund (FNE). Also in this time, the Pernambuco government prepared its new Suape Director Plan – 2030. Our hypothesis, in this thesis, is that the Industrial Port Complex of Suape has a particularity: be idealized and institutionalized in new developmental period characterized by the protagonism of the State and public funds for the development leverage. This point – anchoring in developmental project - allows us to present similarities and differences in the proposals of the IPCS for development at different stages of its historical trajectory: by the Old developmentalism in the 1950s until 1970, at the latest phase in the 2000s. In both instances, the State was central figure in the development and was the protagonist of this process in formulating development policies. However, the central difference is that in the developmental period the concept of development was anchored in the axis of economic productivity as an ex-ante condition of social policies. In the new developmentalism the concept of development was marked by the binomial economic growth with social inclusion. The goal proposed in this thesis is to verify that in the period of 2003 to 2014 the federal government has formulated social policies with the same intensity that mobilized resources for economic growth for Suape. This goal was worked for five movement of analysis: 1) Identification of the conception of social policies present in Multi-annuals plans of the federal government; 2) Comparison of social policy design made by the federal government with the instruments of direct application in the strategic territory of Suape, designated by the theme notebooks and the new Director Plan for Suape – 2030; 3) Analysis of resources allocated to public policies in the social area in Suape from consultation realized in federal government programs (PAC, BNDES, FNE, Bolsa Família Program); 4) Assessments of structural changes in the territory of Suape, in special by the survey (or not) of social vulnerability fall and possible recent changes. This movement prioritized the quantitative analysis of the eight municipalities that compose the territory of Suape; 5) A last movement conducted the survey of actions of state and local governments of Pernambuco with the focus on public policies to Suape, using as basic material PPAs of Pernambuco and municipalities.