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Efeitos do extrato bruto da cianobactéria Radiocystis fernandoi no teleósteo, Hoplias malabaricus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Paulino, Marcelo Gustavo; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6503185330517924
Eutrophication of the aquatic environment favors cyanobacteria blooms and affects the biota due to organoleptic water changing and the release of toxins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microcystin contained in the crude extract of the cyanobacteria Radiocystis fernandoi (R28 strain) in the fish Hoplias malabaricus assessing the degree of structural and functional impairment of the liver, the accumulation potential in muscle and risk to human health. Traíras were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg MC-LReq kg-1 following two experimental protocols: (i) acute exposure with the application of a single dose of the crude extract and evaluation after 12 and 96 hours and (II) chronic exposure in which a dose was injected every 72 hours during 30 days. Genotoxic, biochemical, physiological and morphological biomarkers were used to evaluate the action of toxins, structural and ultrastructural damage in the liver, the detoxification mechanisms and changes in energy metabolism. The R28 strain produced mainly the MC-RR and MC-YR showing hepatotoxic potential. In the liver there was accumulation of MC-YR after acute and chronic exposure and MC-RR and MC-RR only after chronic exposure. There was not MC accumulation in muscle. The accumulation of the variants (MC-RR and MC-YR) depends on the concentration and the body's defense system for depuration and biomagnification. Acute and chronic exposure caused inhibition of the serine protein phosphatase / threonine type of PP2A activity, increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate activity and direct bilirubin in plasma indicating liver damage. Macroscopically occurred changes in the color, texture and liver mass; microscopically the morphology of hepatocytes and intracellular organelles were altered and there were dilated sinusoids and hyperemia. After 30 days, the frequency of changes increase, and fibrous tissue disrupted the architecture of hepatic tissue. Changes in intermediary metabolism as glucose, liver glycogen, pyruvate and lactate showed increased energy demand and physiological stress. Moreover, there was activation of phase I of the biotransformation system and alterations in cellular antioxidant systems. Morphological signs of recovery in the liver were observed after 96 hours (single dose) to MC, but not after 30 days and no signs of cell regeneration. DNA damage were observed as well. The biochemical changes and liver structure showed functional impairment of the liver. In conclusion, the microcystin present in the crude extract of cyanobacteria R. fernandoi (R28 strain) combined with other substances in the extract may compromise the health and survival of the animal.
Influência da hidroterapia sobre a função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e mobilidade tóracoabdominal em mulheres com síndrome fibromiálgica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Forti, Meire; Silva, Ester da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0120120410847507; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7427626128916331
The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a rheumatologic condition characterized by non-inflammatory widespread chronic pain and tender points in specific anatomic locations. In addition to the pain symptoms, FMS is also associated with the presence of a variety of symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea, which has called attention to the review of the respiratory system in women with FMS. Thus, this work consisted of two studies aiming to elucidate the unknown aspects related to the respiratory system of women with FMS. The Study I, entitled "Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: association with clinical manifestations", aimed to evaluate lung function, respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility as well as to assess possible associations of respiratory variables with clinical manifestations in women with FMS. The results show that the FMS group in this study has lower respiratory muscle endurance, inspiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility compared to healthy participants. In addition, the study demonstrated that the lower inspiratory muscle strength, the greater the number of tender points and fatigue and lower axillary mobility. The Study II, entitled "Influence aerobic hydrotherapy program on lung function, respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled trial", aimed to evaluate the influence of an aerobic hydrotherapy program on respiratory variables and clinical manifestations in women with FMS and assess the association between respiratory variables and clinical manifestations. The results show that a 16-week aerobic hydrotherapy program increased the slow vital capacity, the forced vital capacity, the inspiratory muscle strength, the thoracic mobility, the pressure pain threshold, well-being, and decreased pain, and limitations caused by physical aspects. Clinical improvement was not associated with the respiratory variables. Conclusion: The subjects with FMS had lower respiratory muscle endurance, inspiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility compared to healthy subjects. In addition, a 16-week aerobic hydrotherapy program showed to be effective in ameliorating lung function, inspiratory muscle strength, thoracic mobility, pressure pain threshold, well-being, pain and limitations caused by physical aspects. However, clinical improvement of FMS symptoms was not associated with the improvement of respiratory variables.
Impactos socioeconômicos do Programa Nacional de Produção de Biodiesel em assento rural do nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Motta, Vivian Delfino; Stolf, Rubismar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2436951279203355; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9697243346662249
The National Program for Production and Use of Biofuels - PNPB is a government action that seeks to expand the Brazilian energy matrix with the introduction of Biodiesel as an alternative. The government points to the role of family farming as one of the innovative and decisive factors for the success of PNPB. The guiding documents emphasize that the packing houses wishing to enter this process are required to purchase the raw material from family farmers. In the universe of the actors involved in the aspect of production of the raw material are : large corporations that sell fuel , labor unions, and family farmers . Northeast Pará , several farmers have signed contracts to supply palm oil to companies hulling. O study aims to understand , under the socio-economic aspect , as the introduction of palm routine from farmers resident in the settlements involved in the action and located in the northeast Pará.
Caracterização genética de populações ex situ de Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Kuhl, 1820) (Primata, Callithricidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Orefice, Gisele; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263514067428478
Captive programs of breeding and management of threatened species act as a safeguard against a likely extinction of species in the nature. The model species in this study, Leontopithecus chrysomelas or golden headed lion tamarin (MLCD), has populations maintained in captivity in order to ensure a representative genetic diversity, since its natural habitat has been undergoing gradual loss and fragmentation. In contrast to which occurs in other threatened species, MLCD’s captive population has a large number of founder individuals. The genetic diversity of two captive populations of L. chrysomelas was evaluated by using 16 microsatellite loci (seven homologous and nine heterologous loci). The populations are held at Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ) and at Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo (FPZSP) and we aimed to verify if genetic diversity has been maintained ex situ in comparison to in situ’s. Besides, we investigated possible correlations between fitness and individual heterozygosity. The fitness measure was the individual contribution for population growth (Pt) in a given time interval. We detected genetic differentiation between the two evaluated institutions due to lack of gene flow for some past generations. Our findings suggest that genetic diversity of these captive populations is similar to one measured in wild population of REBIO-Una&Ararauna, which is found in a single protected forest area that is large enough to retain an average or high density of MLCD and 98% of its genetic diversity. The individual heterozygosity effect on Pt fitness measure was verified just in CPRJ population. This correlation analysis indicates that the individuals from CPRJ with higher heterozygosity are leaving more offspring, which does not happen in FPZSP. The genetic diversity and correlation between fitness and individual heterozygosity results suggest that the management carried out in institutions is divergent.
O SEBRAE e a consultoria para pequena empresa no Brasil: processos históricos e arranjos organizacionais nas últimas décadas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Ralio, Vanise Rafaela Zivieri; Donadone, Julio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7510319238637034
This project investigates the foundation and strengthening of SEBRAE institution, known as a reference in the consulting segment for micro and small enterprises in our country. For this purpose, makes an initial survey of scientific literature on the subject, beyond identifying and presenting some data and indicators related to small Brazilian companies, in order to demonstrate their actual importance in the Brazilian economic scenario. Then, it reexamines the consulting industry history in Brazil and in the world, resuming Consulting Cartography in Brazil and the studies conducted here about the sector. Finally, it presents the data identified about SEBRAE's trajectory since its birth and its development over the 40 years of its history. The study is based on the analysis of documents and data generated by the institution, publications about it, interviews with directors, employees and consultants, and it makes a general analysis of the institution from its activities in consulting, in order to identify and describe how it is made setting the agenda and products offered, the attended audience, the consulting agents, its organizational structure and the applied strategies for achieving their goals. As a result, it was possible to identify the major growth with consulting services as from changes in the strategies and products offered to different customers in all three stages presented: decades of 1970/1980, the 1990s and from 2000s, when it strengthens its performance in public policy, and its products are defined to micro and small enterprises, in addition to individual micro entrepreneurs, both formal and potential.
Desenvolvimento de um dilatômetro por micro-ondas e estudo da cinética de sinterização por método não isotérmico de materiais multiferroicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Ceron, Diego Mauricio Sandoval; Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8288788507473443
The purpose of this thesis was to develop a microwave dilatometer and to study the non-isothermal sintering kinetics of multiferroic composite ceramics. The multiferroic system used to study the sintering kinetics was a composite of two crystalline phases: piezo BaTiO3 and magnetostrictive CoxNi(1-x)Fe2O4 (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 and molar ratios of 80/20, 70/30 and 50/50). A method was developed for the synthesis step, called in situ synthesis, to produce the two crystalline phases from a single solution in which the starting materials were completely dissolved. In this synthesis step, a groundbreaking method was developed for the in situ sol-gel synthesis of lead-free BaTiO3/CoxNi(1-x)Fe2O4 composites, applying synthesis control parameters such as basic pH and the amount of polyacrylic acid (PAA) added as a chelating agent. The use of basic pH and PAA as chelating agent enabled the simultaneous formation of two high purity crystalline phases with nanometric particles, spheroidal morphologies, and controlled stoichiometry. The microwave dilatometer measurement device was developed using a pyrometer sensing system, which enabled temperature measurements to be taken without the need for direct contact with the sample, and with greater accuracy, since it prevents direct interaction between the sensor and the microwave field. The effectiveness of the newly developed microwave dilatometer was tested in a study of the shrinkage behavior of the samples, which was compared with their behavior in a conventional dilatometer. The results revealed that shrinkage of the BaTiO3/CoxNi(1-x)Fe2O4 composites during microwave heating occurred at a lower sintering temperature than in conventional sintering, indicating the existence of “non-thermal” effects caused by the interaction of the sample with the microwaves. The “microwave effect” directly affected the sintering mechanisms, as evidenced by the activation energy in the initial stage of sintering. The development of the microwave heated dilatometer provided groundbreaking results in terms of reliable and reproducible dilatometric data. In addition, the in situ sol-gel synthesis of BaTiO3/CoxNi(1-x)Fe2O4 powders enabled a systematic study of the non-isothermal sintering kinetics of this material, opening up excellent prospects for the application of this technique to other materials.
Alunos com deficiência visual e suas relações interpessoais no processo de inclusão escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Tezori, Rosangela Cristina Sales; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6037576866380106
It is denominated Visual Impairment (VI) the spectrum that goes from blindness to low vision. In low vision, there is an alteration of the functional capacity due to factors like significant lowered visual acuity, important reduction of the visual field and of the contrasts sensibility and the limitation of other abilities. In blindness, there is total vision loss, even the absence of light projection. Among the difficulties, that a visually impaired person has to deal with, is the engagement and permanency in school, in which, aside the physical-environmental adaptation, the interpersonal relations are also established with teachers and peers that have the capacity to see. Due to this context, the research had as its objective, identify the interpersonal relations that are established between students with VI and the teachers, peers and other individuals that are part of the student‟s school environment. The research is characterized as exploratory in the qualitative approach. Participated in the research, three students with VI (blindness and low vision) enrolled in the primary education (Ensino Fundamental Ciclo II). The data was obtained by observation means of the interaction of the students in class-time and during break and from semi-structured interviews with them. The data was analyzed in the light of theoretical reference, which was base for this research. The results showed the difficulties addressed by the students with VI in the sense of conquering the feeling of belonging to a group of friends; being able to follow the content taught; difficulty from these students to engage their peers and teachers. The results contemplated the traced objectives in this research in the sense that it was possible to know how the interpersonal relations were established, by the students with VI, allowing them the opportunity to express their opinions and feelings on the school environment. It seems necessary to have a warm-hearted hospitality, considering that the students carry with them experiences and feelings from their home and transfer them to their teachers and peers. As important as the care with content and academic objectives given to students, there should be a meticulous attention given to the form of how the interpersonal relations are established in the school context, since these are valuable elements for the development of the student in all his/her totality.
Delimitação do mercado relevante geográfico para produtos asfálticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Garcia, Ana Carolina Della Colletta; Pitelli, Mariusa Momenti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2810339285129049
The aim of this work is the use of price test method to determine the geographic relevant market, so that if two geographic areas form a single geographical market for a given product, in the long term, the price trajectory between these regions would follow the same path. The empirical application was made to the asphalt products distributors market in Brazil, more specifically for asphalt cement and diluted asphalt, for the period between January 2008 and December 2014. Due to increasing demand of asphalt products for maintenance and conservation of the existing road network and the creation of new roads, besides the existence of few studies defining the relevant market in order to evaluate a possible market power of the distributors of such products, becomes of utmost importance to make further studies. It is concluded that the relevant market for these products is National, except Northeast for asphalt cement.
Mágicas matemáticas como metodologia de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-05-29) Alves, Amanda Gouveia; Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2250100976033525
Studies show that students of elementary and high school have great difficulty in learn-ing math concepts. This work brings together didactical alternatives, such as mathemati-cal magic, so the math teacher can use them in order to promote greater interest and enchantment of their students with mathematics and some of its important contents.