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Arte na educação infantil e o desenvolvimento das funções psíquicas superiores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-22)
Caram, Adriana Maria
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Mello, Maria Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4559864153670454
This research aims to analyze and discuss mediating activities that use Art in Childhood Education as a way to promote the development of the Higher Psychical Functions. The research was led by the following question: What role Art plays in children formation during Childhood Education? Both theoretical and methodological references were based on the Historical-Cultural Theory because it makes possible a conception of the human cultural development that sets Art as a human production; a space for social reflection and social internalization. Interviews with seven teachers from the municipal childhood education system and some pedagogical practices observations were used as methodological instruments. Led by this methodology, the analysis shows that both students and teachers have a very limited access to Art; it also shows that the teachers’ formation does not make Art a priority and, even though it occupies a very important place in class planning, it is still not considered an instrument for the catharsis. By going deeper in the analysis about the relations performed by teachers using Art in Childhood Education and the development of Higher Psychical Functions on children the study faced some ambiguous and sometimes contradictory situations. The activities suggested to the children, although undeniable creative, sometimes came to be fragmented and very poor to the goals of children’s development. However we were able to show in the research some actions that can be considered positive in the development of Higher Psychical Functions on children, contributing for a necessary reflection about the work with Art in Childhood Education, always led by the Historical-Cultural Theory, and promoting some interventions to improve the Higher Psychical Functions on children.
Participação política das mulheres : do âmbito partidário ao comportamento legislativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-23)
Costacurta, Mayara Spinace
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1565088079056783
The majority of the population and the number of the voters are woman, which since the nineties have been gradually inserted in the politician universe. Therefore, known and understand the female political participation and representation is fundamental. In order to have this understanding, this research investigated the performance of the women that can be elected to the office of Congresswoman by the political parties PT, PSDB, PMDB and DEM/PFL between the 50th and the 54th legislature, among 1994 and 2010. Our goal were to identify if the political parties could affect the eligible potential and propositional of the Brazilian legislature women. With this methodology, we aimed to answer two hypothesis. The first verified if man and woman have similarities between their socio-economic profiles and regarding their politician characteristics, suchlike time of stay in political legends and history, looking for family ties, social movements or participation in the foundation of the political party. The second hypothesis investigated if the propositional behavior of man and woman have similarities. The data which allowed the conclusions were collected based on information available in the site of the House of Representatives. The propositions and law projects were analyzed based on an adaptation of the methodology model and categorical of FEITOSA and MIGUEL (2009) being Soft, Middle and Hard the categories. The founded results were compared in relation of gender and the political parties. Some results pointed that the politician profile of woman on PT present less dependency of family capital to be elected that woman of the others political parties. The most relevant factor regarding the founded behavior is the fact that woman started to insert relatives in the politician, reverse path to the common. Respecting to the propositions and law projects we perceived that woman with just longer trajectories can the fact propose more projects with Hard themes, which will promote big scale changes as the case of reforms.
Análise da diversidade e estrutura genética de Fenneropenaeus indicus e Metapenaeus monoceros com base no mtDNA e uso do DNA barcoding na identificação das espécies de Peneídeos (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) da costa de Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-23)
Simbine, Luisa
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9876608309331153
The penaeid shrimp (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) are the most economically fishing resource of the greatest global importance both for fisheries and the aquaculture industry. Shrimp fishing is one of the pillars of national economy in Mozambique, where they provide around USD 80,000,000 per year in export earnings. In recent years there has been observing a reduction in the shrimp fishery industry probably due the over-exploitation or due the presence of other shrimp species that were not been observed on the coast Mozambique before which may competing for the ecological niche. Despite the great fishing economic importance of penaeid shrimps in Mozambique, there is no genetic scientific literature available thus far on their genetic characteristics. Therefore, this is the first work addressing the genetic diversity of penaeids species of greatest economic value from Mozambique coast F. indicus and M. monoceros, for the first time shrimp from this coast were identified using DNA Barcoding tool. In addition, for the first time sequences of penaeid shrimp from Mozambique coast were deposited in GenBank and Bold system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of the species F. indicus and M. monoceros, and identify nine species of penaeids from the Mozambican coast. To assess the genetic diversity and structure of F. indicus and M. monoceros, 160 samples were collected along the Mozambique coast. Three mitochondrial genes (COI, Cyt b, and the control region D-loop) were analyzed. A great genetic diversity was observed, however, the D-loop presented higher values (F. indicus: Hd = 1, h = 13; Hi = 0.0133, M. monoceros Hd = 0,99; H-24; and Hi = 0.0092). D-loop showed unique haplotypes; the Tajima D test and Fu Fs values were negative and significant for the COI and Cyt b genes. The mismatch distribution curves suggested that the two espéceis undergone to a recent population expansion (10.397 to 28.418) years ago F. indicus and M. monoceros respectively. The AMOVA analysis showed that over 99% of the variation occurs within populations. The Fst Pairwise values pointed to a non structured population. The nature of ocean currents along the Mozambique channel as well as the complete absence of physical and / or environmental barriers may be the main factors that influence the non structure of these two species. To identify shrimp penaeids from Mozambique based on DNA barcondig, a total of 69 samples were collected in the Maputo Bay. The genetic distance tree grouped six species into two clades as to the place of origin, suggesting the presence of cryptic species. The intraspecific genetic distance ranged from (0 to 8.636) and interspecific distance from (3.897 to 21.558). The distance distribution analysis 10 of the nearest neighbor ranged from (3.897-18.971). The DNA Barcoding identification tool was efficient to identify the Penaeid species from mozambican coast. However the presence of cryptic species pointed the need for further studies which must be conducted using molecular analyzes; morphological taxonomy and the ecological treats to evaluate each of the sibling species to reach a correct decision of the taxonomic status.
Pescadores tradicionais da vila da Barra do Superagui : desafios e conflitos.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-23)
Kriegel, Raoni
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Bertazzo, Cláudio José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1154385746854757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8916209407269975
This dissertation submits a socio-environmental diagnostic of fisher s traditional community from Superagui, located in Superagui National Park, northern coast so Paraná. It was highlighted through theoretical searching the environmental impacts caused by anthropic activities related to both biotic and abiotic resources extracting, disorganized occupation over coastal and marine zones. It was utilized participative methodologies, qualitative and quantitative semi-structured questionnaires as well as direct observation and informal reports on field research. The results obtained from this research reveals internal reports on field research. The results obtained from this research reveals internal conflicts around the group researched as a result of individualist behaviors, lack of engagement and cooperativism. All these factors obstruct the group organization of seeking the group researched as a result of individualist behaviors, lack of engagement and cooperatives’. All these factors obstruct group organization among the legal institutions responsible for the mosaic of conservation areas over Parana coastline. At the end of this research it is advocated that the Agroecology and organic production national project ( PLONAPO), with its directives, targets and objectives perfect fit in the current configurations of this territory which may be incorporated by the legal institution as a federal legislation, offering a new rural and local development model to the social actors. The results obtained prove the hypothesis there is a lack of integration of the legal institutions and internal group disputes where the social actors are unable to organize themselves and seek for collective actions. The lack of engagement and organization to the claiming for their territory was evidenced. These internal and external pressures are hidden due to the fishing decreasing on the expectation of the management plan implementation and the search for other activities which could generate tourism income.
Análise de artigos brasileiros sobre indisciplina, violência e ato infracional na escola : base Scielo 1998-2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-24)
Mello, Patricia de
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Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6672292717308651
This work consists in a thesis and is intended to contribute to the educational system and the theoretical and practical advancement that interfaces between the two concepts, with support from the “dialogue” category. The researcher makes use of authors specialized in areas such as law and education to present reflections on the dialogical approach among them. Supported by the methodology of content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011), based on bibliographic research, seeks to demonstrate that progress toward better relations in school is more promising when it takes the path of dialogue. Thereby, adopts Freire’s theory as the theoretical reference of the study. The thesis is entitled “Analysis of Brazilian articles on indiscipline, violence and offenses at school: SciELO base 1998-2014”, because it identifies the actual reality inside the schools and the scholar community, that is exposed daily in the media. The question that is proposing to investigate is: what are the literature contributions that address the relationship between offense and indiscipline in schools, highlighting the mediation of the dialogue category? The aim of the research is to indicate literature contributions to address the relationship between offense and indiscipline in schools, by mediating the dialogue category. To do so, it was necessary to focus on the concepts of indiscipline, offenses and dialogues in school; highlighting, based on some of Freire’s works, concepts that contribute to the dialogic approach of the conflicts in schools; analyzing papers published in Brazilian journals of reference about the relationship established between indiscipline and offenses.
Formação continuada de professores de línguas estrangeiras mediada pelo cinema : contribuições da teoria da atividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-24)
Stefani, Viviane Cristina Garcia de
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9946304206543559
This study lines up with the goals of the National Project for Teacher Education, Critical Education, New Literacies and Multiliteracies which intend to contribute to Initial and Continuing Education of Foreign Language Teachers. Its goal is to deepen the discussion of theoretical and methodological issues of language under the light of the critical literacies, allowing participants to create critical-reflective attitudes toward the new proposals and their own practices in the classroom. Inserted in this research context, our study aims to analyze the impact of the use of the cinema as a pedagogical tool, in a continuing education course for foreign language teachers (English and Spanish) from public schools. We assume that teaching a foreign language through films motivates the learner, assists in the development of communication skills and stimulates the autonomous learning. In the period of the course (30 hours) we could offer theoretical support to help the teachers to analyze and prepare teaching activities with filmic content. Besides the theoretical assistance, we offer opportunities for interaction and exchange of experience among the participants, so all the prepared activities could be shared and analyzed by the group before being applied in the classroom. The data obtained through questionnaires, field notes and focal groups were analyzed based on the Activity Theory, recognizing that we are all a source of knowledge and we can act collaboratively to expand the construction of meaning. Thus, the protagonists of the research were responsible for each other's learning. Activity Theory is exemplified in three crucial moments of learning: 1) The goal we intent to reach is shown (in the case of this study, the goal was to teach foreign language using the film as a tool), giving a model, encouraging the teachers not to reproduce, but rather to be creative on this model; 2) We describe the instrument's acquisition process, with the constant comings and goings, frustrations and delights that are on the course to achieve the desired goal (time when teachers begin the process of elaboration of didactic activities); 3) the complexity of the task is described, which requires the ability to work in groups (moment of exchange of experiences between teachers about the results of development and implementation of activities). The results of the study indicate that the cinema is a motivating and efficient tool for teaching foreign languages, and the exchange of experiences and interaction fostered among teachers were important in solving problems, contributing effectively to their education, as well as to a significant foreign language teaching.
Atores políticos do pentecostalismo católico e evangélico paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-24)
Manduca, Vinicius
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Souza, André Ricardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9981589828254585
This work stems from research earlier work of scientific initiation with FAPESP grant, also supervised by Prof. Dr. André Ricardo de Souza. There was a deepening of political reality research that had as starting point the elections to the Constituent Assembly of 1986. These set a new stage for Brazilian politics, marked by the inclusion of groups linked to Pentecostal churches. For the election, a system based on the figure of the "official candidate" was established that in addition to considerably increase the number of evangelicals in the legislative houses, also modified forms of political action that environment, generating an Evangelical Parliamentary Front, for example. On the other hand Catholicism, who faces constant demographic decline, is also manifesting itself more directly in the political arena, differently from that of Liberation Theology. Known as the "Catholic Pentecostalism," the Charismatic Renewal gradually brings also to the political field itself, elements of Pentecostal evangelical action. This paper presents a comparative analysis of such Christian spectrum, focusing on one representative for each one, as to their political activities, involving the differences and similarities of the forms of electoral and parliamentary action.
O empreendedorismo econômico-televisivo da Rede Vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-24)
Placeres, Giulliano
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Souza, André Ricardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7016915324466152
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934470553582911
Religion is a phenomenon with a significant presence in brazilian society, whose manifestations have increased and diversified. Developments such as broadcast television, radio and internet make most churches, including the Catolic do not establish themselves solely on their physical structure in the quest for more followers. There is a set of social and economic relations involved in this process. The vast networks of interconnected individuals in the media range from members of the clergy to laymen volunteers, employees and mediatic businesses entrepreneurs. Resulting from research supported by FAPESP underway on changes in Brazilian Christianity, this dissertation turns to the analysis of the Catholic television station Rede Vida in its performance as a media, economic enterprise and also religious. Aimed at the study of social relationships underlying the business and commercial aspects of this station and what it represents in the Brazilian religious market.
Estado democrático de direito e Poder Judiciário: as audiências públicas no Supremo Tribunal Federal e a legitimidade das decisões judiciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-24)
Leandro, Paulo Cesar Cavasin
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Moraes, Renato Almeida de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7510744968129427
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2396299595807264
The discussion about the institutional role of the Judiciary Branch on a Democratic Rule of Law has been running on a singular way because the global expansion of its intervention on political questions in. This scenario shows a possible paradox, whereas for the majority countries with Roman-Germanic judge tradition, the lack of representative legitimacy (by the vote) to decide about political questions for the Judiciary Branch is a reality. In Brazil, the phenomenon either appears, and it shows that much more traditional questions hasbeen discussed in the Legislature Branch seat and are taken for the STF appreciation. With this basal knowledge, , this work has two main objecitves: the first is to analyze theoretically the role of the politic evolution in the Judicial Branch, on the political organization of Rule of and the Democrat Rule Of Law paradigms, comparing what happened in Brazil and the central european countries. After that, we did a qualitative analyze about public heraings as a way of democrartic legitimation for contitucional jurisdictional activities. Starting by the theorical mark of the “Discourse Principle”, told by Habbermas, we looked for the transition of the way of the political – legal organization of the Democratic Rule of Law, both in theory and in the Brazilian case. We present the institutional role of the STF in the Brazilian Democratic Rule of Law and make a deep research about the public hearings that were within the constitutional jurisdiction. In the end, we concluded that the achievement of public hearings only make an important role in the legitimation (or validation) enforcement of the rights when they are taken on a serious way by the STF Ministers, turning possible to the people who are involved to join on the reasonable speech that gave for the judges the base for the decision.
AR+G Atividade Educacionais: um aplicativo de realidade aumentada com gamification para auxiliar no processo ensino-aprendizagem de alunos com deficiência mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-25)
Colpani, Rogério
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Homem, Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6491874206037524
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Santos, Carlos Henrique da Silva
In this work, it developed an Augmented Reality with Gamification application to assist the learning process of students with intellectual disabilities in general. This application enables the teacher explore various skills with students, how examples, classification, discrimination, color, quantity, problem situations, functionally of objects and association. It was evaluated by two special education professionals and tested by ten students with intellectual disability. In order to evaluate the potential of the application was used quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative stage, questionnaire were applied to the teacher. This questionnaire, regarding the skills presented by the students, were applied prior to the tests with the application get started in schools and were reapplied after a period of two months of tests. For the statistical analysis, it was used the t-test for hypothesis testing and descriptive statistics to organize, summarize and present the data. In the qualitative stage, was evaluated the technical and pedagogical usability of the application in order to the views of experts in the area, making use of questionnaire and observational technical, your opinions about the ease of learning and satisfaction of the application use. The results show that the AR+G Educational Activities contributes to the improvement of skills that, the traditional teaching methods used so far by students that had not been seized by them in a conventional way. It is an easy to learn tool and provides satisfaction from potential users during use. As for learning material, it provides individual knowledge construction facility or collective, presents evidence of engagement and motivation of the students while conducting their activities, as well as more active behavior of the same.
O ensino de funções trigonométricas através da resolução de problemas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-25)
Hristov Sobrinho, Dimitrie
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Pompeu Junior, Geraldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7146270419829114
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5242647743585815
The Brazilian high school, particularly in São Paulo State, has as general objectives the deepening the concepts studied in elementary school, making the student able to continue their studies in higher education and / or vocational courses. In addition, objective the development of critical student's ability to use the mathematical knowledge / concepts studied to understand and solve real situations of their daily lives. However, it is common to see in our schools, students subjected only to the resolution of repetitive exercises, called by George Polya of "routine problems". Consequently, the development of their criticality and their logical / deductive reasoning are affected, not to say, forgotten as goals to be achieved. The research, at the level of Professional Master Degree, reported here was aimed at the "investigation of possible contributions to a methodology based on Problem Solving Theory may have towards the teaching and learning process of trigonometric functions, as well as with the development of mathematical reasoning students of the 2nd year of high school". To this end, it was formulated three issues to be investigated during the course of the research. Are they: (1st) What should be done to generalize the concept of trigonometric ratio (sine, cosine and tangent), studied in the right triangle to the trigonometric cycle? (2nd) How should the transition be held generalization preceded the trigonometric cycle for the study of trigonometric functions in the Cartesian plane in a logical and deductive way? (3rd) What is the contribution that this research brought to my teacher training in math, methodological and didactic perspectives? The investigation results show that the involvement of students in the search for solutions to the problems posed, increased understanding of mathematical concepts worked as well as their application in their everyday situations. Finally, from the my professional training perspective, the research has shown that, when driving the Teaching Process and Learning of Mathematics, from problems "non-routine" and contextualized, the chances of improvement in the understanding and application of mathematical concepts worked as well, interest and involvement of students increased significantly.
Processo de elaboração de uma matriz curricular : especificidades do ensino e aprendizagem de língua espanhola no CEL-São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-25)
Oliveira, Geandro de
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Gregolin, Isadora Valencise
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4074377837664563
This research aims to investigate the process of construction and implementation of the Spanish language Course Curriculum at a Language Center located in the countryside of São Paulo. Therefore, as observed in the teaching-learning process in all years of school it is proposed examination of the entered students in the Spanish course. In this way, a special focus will be given in two important issues: the ways in which managers and teachers form the new classes of languages and which tools are used to evaluate if a student is prepared or not for next levels. For this, it will be used documents as the Resolution 81/2009 and 44/2014, in order to investigate the theoretical basis of curriculum proposal of the Spanish language teaching, also the comparison between the skills and abilities of PCN - EF and MS (2000), the OCN (2006) and the Common European Framework of Reference (2001). It will also be essential the concept of curriculum discussion according to Serrani (2005), Goodson (1995) and Sacristán (2000).
Programa “viva leite”: relações em rede e institucionalização nos municípios do bloco 27
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-26)
Kuranaga, Alcir Antonio
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1057047758096409
The nutritional food security programs (SAN) can be seen as compensatory policies which aim to assisting a social problem until it is solved within the company itself or can be understood as a program that meets a right of society. The "Viva Leite" program has existed for 21 years is a public policy of food security promoted by the State Government of São Paulo that provides pasteurized milk to children from poor families aged between six months and seven years. We study in particular the Block 27 area of the program formed by the municipalities of: Angatuba, Buri, Campina do Monte Alegre and Paranapanema. Our hypothesis that the program "Viva Milk" in block 27 can be understood as a fragmented network between the municipalities that make up the block whose institutionalization process is associated with the operation of this network, the mechanisms and formal and informal practices of operation linked to relational cohesion actors among its members. The objective is to study the functioning of the "Viva Leite" program in the block 27 municipalities checking if there is a dense or fragmented network between the municipalities, their cohesion from a relational point of view and to what extent the program is institutionalized. To do this analysis we set out how the network is structured on the block and in each municipality analyzed the structural and relational point of view of network theory. The theoretical line of work is neoinstitutionalism with cut in network analysis. In the design of networks’ structure of the program didnt find that there connections in program management between the municipalities, each municipality makes its management. We understand how the network is fragmented. . It made the crossing of the activities of the actors in each municipality seeking to verify the use of the program's official rules and the recreation standards and procedures whereas the extent that the rules are used and recreated bringing uniformity to the practices the program was becoming institutionalized. We find greater cohesion relations in so far as it headed toward the city managers cores. Thus, it was found major relational cohesions in relations involving beneficiaries and local managers offices. From this perspective we conclude that the program is not yet settled more presents intermediate characteristics of typifications within a habitualization step.
A inserção internacional dos governos locais : o caso da Secretaria Municipal de Relações Internacionais de Belo Horizonte (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-26)
Lima, Daiane Pedro de
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Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0339441522420409
This paper has the purpose of to discuss the characteristics of municipal institutional arrangement of international relations and the impact of its work on public policies carried out by municipal institutions of city hall. For that, initially, the determining factors that legitimate the international action of the sub-national governments were found, subsequent to, we done an observation of the characteristics of municipal institutions of international relations of Brazil. Finally, we analyzed the institutionalization of international action of a particular subnational government as well as the activities that have been done by institution that takes care of external works, and we analyzed the governmental management of this organism. We examined too how is its involvement with other municipal institutions. Aiming at exemplify this matter, a case study of the International Relations Municipal Sub-Secretariat of Belo Horizonte/MG was done, because the Law 9.011/2005, which institutionalized this organism, recommends that this organism should work together with the other municipal institutions so that it can fulfill the purposes described in this same law.
Estudo de longa duração da distribuição espaço-temporal de nutrientes no rio do Monjolinho, São Carlos - São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-26)
Barrenha, Pedro Ivo Isá
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Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6594211224864538
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6573310441750062
In this study, it was made the determination of nutrients (in the forms of orthophosphate, total phosphorus, nitrogen series, total nitrogen and total dissolved carbon) and physicochemical variables in surface waters and sediment of the Monjolinho River, in São Carlos – SP, Brazil. Six sampling points were selected (stream head waters, at the UFSCar, upstream to the effluent treatment plant, Água Quente Stream, downstream to the effluent treatment plant and near the river mouth), in which were possible to observe a tendency of increase of the impact suffered by the aquatic body along its course. These tendencies were more pronounced from the region of the upstream to the effluent treatment plant (where the urban superficial flow carries the wastes to the river) to the region downstream to the effluent treatment plant. At the Água Quente Stream and downstream to the effluent treatment plant points, the input of non-treated and treated wastewaters are responsible for the substantial increase in the concentration of nutrients and alterations in physicochemical variables that reflects the impact suffered by the river. It was also noticed a seasonal tendency of variation in the measured values in agreement to the pluviometric indices of the studied region. Evaluating the Redfield ratio values, it is postulated that the phosphorus is the limiting nutrient in this ecosystem. The Tukey tests, HCA and PCA applied to the results allowed to separate sampling points into different groups according to the data obtained for each chemical analysis, showing that there is a tendency of increase on the impact suffered by the water body from its head waters to the sampling point downstream of the effluent treatment plant.
O desvio reprodutivo se correlaciona positivamente com o parentesco genético e o sistema de acasalamento? Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) como estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-26)
Freiria, Gabriele Antico
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Garófalo, Carlos Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2862702260415940
;
Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
The orchid bees have always been considered promising for studies of the evolution of social behavior and reproductive division of labor. This is due to the fact that the orchid bees are the only members not clearly eusocial in corbiculate clade. In this study, the correlation between genetic relatedness and reproductive skew was investigated in the genus Euglossa, one of the five genus of Euglossini tribe, in order to support the understanding of the evolution of reproductive division of labor in Euglossini. Among the five genera of Euglossini, Euglossa is the most suitable for studies on the evolution of reproductive division of labor, because in this genus can be found solitary, communal and primitively eusocial species. Twelve nests of Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) were analyzed. In this species, the foundation process is solitary, but small colonies are formed during nest reactivations, with females establishing different types of associations, in which their relatedness differs. During reactivations, one of the females performs oophagy and then oviposition in brood cells previously operculated by another females, consequently leaving a larger number of offspring. The behavioral analysis associated with relatedness estimates, made through the use of microsatellite markers, indicated that the dominant female perform oophagy followed by oviposition in all operculated cells by the subordinated bees. The reproductive skew was complete, regardless of the type of association established between the interacting females, and so reproductive skew and genetic relatedness was not associated in this study. Furthermore, the nesting biology of Euglossa was also studied, given the information scarcity about the nesting process in most species already described for this genus. Using the technique of trap nests, 43 nests of Euglossa were sampled. This study provides new information on the nesting biology of this genus, especially with regard to natural enemies associated with nests.
Assertividade : escala multimodal e caracterização do repertório de mulheres inseridas no mercado de trabalho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-26)
Teixeira, Catarina Malcher
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6320145700936389
The literature on female assertiveness has presented expressive changes in women‟s repertoire throughout the years. It also has started the discussion on the influence of sociodemographic variables in these changes. Thus, it is pertinent to analyze the role of women in a variety of contexts in contemporary society, since a long history of coercion against the female sex has occurred. Allied to this situation, we can affirm that Brazilian studies on social skills, of which assertiveness is a class, are in a period of ascension. However, the studies that specifically discuss assertiveness are still scarce, especially concerning the behavior-analytic approach. In addition, little has been discussed about this matter in Psychology and it is possible to verify a lack of specific evaluation tools on assertiveness produced in Brazil. These findings and considerations are in the foundation of this thesis‟ objectives, which is organized in four studies. The first manuscript aimed to identify and characterize the academic production of national studies on assertiveness, seeking to determine the “state of the art” and describe the development of this research area. The second part sought to analyze the changes in female assertiveness, from the analysis of historical and current contingencies. The third part of the study aimed to construct and validate a scale to assess multimodal assertiveness, encompassing frequency indicators, cultural context and hidden variables as factors associated to this construct. As a result, the unifactorial, 16-item Assertiveness Skills Inventory (IHA, in Portuguese) was produced. It presented high validity in the frequency indicator, measured by internal consistency (α=0,82). The fourth part had the objective of characterizing the assertive repertoire of women and to verify the association of sociodemographic variables with the overall assertiveness score. One hundred and ninety women from the State of Maranhão – higher educated and currently employed in the labor market – have participated in the study. The analysis of all indicators showed higher average scores for the assertive skills „Defend others in group‟ and „Ask friends for help‟ in all indicators, except for „discomfort‟, which showed the highest score for „Approach for sexual intercourse‟. The lowest means of the other indicators concentrated in „Approach for sexual intercourse‟ skill. The data aligns with literature that indicates that the higher the social skills repertoire, the lower the discomfort level and vice-versa. Regarding sociodemographic variables, positive correlation was found for the quantity of undergraduate diplomas and a negative correlation was found for the time of migration from countryside to capital. This means that more higher education degrees and shorter time of migration from countryside to urban area are associated with a higher frequency of assertive ability to self-report. The influence of cultural variables and formal education is discussed to explain assertiveness in this sample. It indicates the need of further research with this population with varied sociodemographic and cultural characteristics. The main contributions of this study are the methodological and empirical references for the analysis of female assertiveness in our country
Jovens do assentamento Milton Santos: sentidos do trabalho e da educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-26)
Silva, Roberta Agustinho da
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Corrochano, Maria Carla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8083803970856269
This research's goal is to analyze the meanings attributed to work and education by youngsters of Milton Santos Settlement of landless agricultural workers, located in the city of Americana, state of São Paulo, Brazil, considering an education view not reduced to the space of the school. Education and work are subjects very present and valued by the Brazilian youth. Although employment has increased recently, young people continue to be the biggest share of unemployed in the country and the majority employed in precarious jobs. Understanding this reality contributes indirectly to learn the influences to the youth life in the daily routine of the youngsters, who recuperated their experiences with agriculture, with jobs out of the rural space, with the school, with the care for their children, and with the participation in the struggle for land. For this, sixteen semi-structured interviews were made, besides many visits to the settlement to observe the field, culminating in the analysis of the narratives of the youth, which converged into four groups: 1 – Difficulties in conciliating work and education; 2 – Dilemmas related to conciliating work, education and family; 3 – To study is a priority.The meanings of work and of education were multiple, work being related to income, independence and professional achievement, while education was referred to exclusion, dreams and to more liberating processes regarding the participation in social movements.
Evolução cromossômica em peixes da família Erythrinidae (Characiformes). Citogenética comparativa entre espécies do gênero Hoplias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Oliveira, Ezequiel Aguiar de
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Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3035501906153908
The Erythrinidae family is a small group of Neotropical Characiformes, comprising only three genera, Hoplias, Hoplerythrinus and Erythrinus. Hoplias malabaricus, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Erythrinus erythrinus must correspond to groups of species, considering the extensive chromosomal diversity that they present, including different sex chromosomes systems. Therefore, these fishes offer excellent opportunities for evolutionary investigations, given the different chromosomal characteristics between their representatives. Recent studies allowed the taxonomic characterization of six poorly or not studied Hoplias species (H. aimara, H. lacerdae, H. intermedius, H. brasiliensis, H. australis and H. curupira), present in several South American river basins’ and popularly known as “trairões” due to their large size. This study aimed to characterize the chromosomal evolution occurred in this particular group of species, in the light of its recent review and taxonomic identifications. For this purpose, in addition to classical chromosomal analysis, cytogenetic mapping of repetitive DNA sequences using specific probes was used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results showed the sharing of a great homogeneity in the species´ karyotype macrostructure, with 2n = 50 and karyotypes composed only by meta- and submetacentric chromosomes without the presence of differentiated sex chromosomes between the sexes. In turn, the karyotype microstructure, as revealed by the analysis of components of the repetitive fraction of the genome showed interspecies differentiation, thus confirming the recent taxonomic revision of these species based on their morphological characteristics. This evolutionary scenario, highlighting the conservation of chromosomal macro-structure, sharply contrasts with the scenario found in the representatives of H. malabaricus group, where a conspicuous chromosomal variation can be observed between different populations of this "nominal species." Environmental aspects related to the way of life, as well as intrinsic chromosomal features, may influence the coexistence of these contrasting models of chromosomal evolution among congeneric species of Hoplias.
Determinantes da eficiência técnica e econômica da citricultura em propriedades rurais do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Carrer, Marcelo José
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Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6178330814144839
The aim of this study was to measure the technical and economic efficiency differentials in citrus production among farms in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as to identify the determining factors of these differentials. In addition, it was also an objective to investigate the main characteristics of citrus production technology (partial elasticities, returns of scale, economies of scale and the elasticities of substitution of production factors). Primary data was collected from a representative random sample of 98 rural properties. Stochastic production, cost and profit frontier models were used, assuming the Cobb-Douglas and the translog functional forms. In order to identify the factors determining the efficiency differentials, the single-stage stochastic model proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995) was adopted, and a set of hypotheses were tested, based on different standpoints of economic theory (NEI, ECT, theories of human capital, theories of production management, etc) as well as on the characteristics of citrus production. The results of the study showed the existence of technical inefficiency (28.4% on average), as well as inefficiency of cost (30.6% on average), and of profits (55.3 on average) among the farms. The translog production and cost frontiers indicated the existence of an initial zone with strong growing returns/economies of scale which go into exhaustion until decreasing returns begin to occur/diseconomies of scale. The optimum scale, calculated from the parameters estimated in the translog production frontier, showed to be between 70,000-100,000 boxes, while the optimal scale for the translog cost frontier showed to be between 130,000-300,000 boxes. One of the explanations for this difference is the lower prices for fertilizers and labor paid by large farmers, which is a source of pecuniary scale economy. As for the factors determining the differential in technical, cost, and profit efficiency, it was possible to verify a significant effect coming from a set of variables which can be divided into structural (irrigation, greening and land consolidation), managerial (adoption of management tools, use of plural forms of governance, choice of marketing channels, rural production diversification and technical assistance), institutional (occurrence of problems in the contracts of sale, formation of expectations, perception of enforcement in commercial contracts and financial leverage), and human capital (schooling and access to information). Therefore, some of the main research hypotheses were corroborated in the empirical analyses. Lastly, based on the results of the study, a set of suggestions that may subsidize the formulation of public policies and private strategies for the citrus production of São Paulo were made.