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Evolução cromossômica em peixes da família Erythrinidae (Characiformes). Citogenética comparativa entre espécies do gênero Hoplias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Oliveira, Ezequiel Aguiar de
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Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3035501906153908
The Erythrinidae family is a small group of Neotropical Characiformes, comprising only three genera, Hoplias, Hoplerythrinus and Erythrinus. Hoplias malabaricus, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Erythrinus erythrinus must correspond to groups of species, considering the extensive chromosomal diversity that they present, including different sex chromosomes systems. Therefore, these fishes offer excellent opportunities for evolutionary investigations, given the different chromosomal characteristics between their representatives. Recent studies allowed the taxonomic characterization of six poorly or not studied Hoplias species (H. aimara, H. lacerdae, H. intermedius, H. brasiliensis, H. australis and H. curupira), present in several South American river basins’ and popularly known as “trairões” due to their large size. This study aimed to characterize the chromosomal evolution occurred in this particular group of species, in the light of its recent review and taxonomic identifications. For this purpose, in addition to classical chromosomal analysis, cytogenetic mapping of repetitive DNA sequences using specific probes was used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results showed the sharing of a great homogeneity in the species´ karyotype macrostructure, with 2n = 50 and karyotypes composed only by meta- and submetacentric chromosomes without the presence of differentiated sex chromosomes between the sexes. In turn, the karyotype microstructure, as revealed by the analysis of components of the repetitive fraction of the genome showed interspecies differentiation, thus confirming the recent taxonomic revision of these species based on their morphological characteristics. This evolutionary scenario, highlighting the conservation of chromosomal macro-structure, sharply contrasts with the scenario found in the representatives of H. malabaricus group, where a conspicuous chromosomal variation can be observed between different populations of this "nominal species." Environmental aspects related to the way of life, as well as intrinsic chromosomal features, may influence the coexistence of these contrasting models of chromosomal evolution among congeneric species of Hoplias.
Determinantes da eficiência técnica e econômica da citricultura em propriedades rurais do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Carrer, Marcelo José
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Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6178330814144839
The aim of this study was to measure the technical and economic efficiency differentials in citrus production among farms in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as to identify the determining factors of these differentials. In addition, it was also an objective to investigate the main characteristics of citrus production technology (partial elasticities, returns of scale, economies of scale and the elasticities of substitution of production factors). Primary data was collected from a representative random sample of 98 rural properties. Stochastic production, cost and profit frontier models were used, assuming the Cobb-Douglas and the translog functional forms. In order to identify the factors determining the efficiency differentials, the single-stage stochastic model proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995) was adopted, and a set of hypotheses were tested, based on different standpoints of economic theory (NEI, ECT, theories of human capital, theories of production management, etc) as well as on the characteristics of citrus production. The results of the study showed the existence of technical inefficiency (28.4% on average), as well as inefficiency of cost (30.6% on average), and of profits (55.3 on average) among the farms. The translog production and cost frontiers indicated the existence of an initial zone with strong growing returns/economies of scale which go into exhaustion until decreasing returns begin to occur/diseconomies of scale. The optimum scale, calculated from the parameters estimated in the translog production frontier, showed to be between 70,000-100,000 boxes, while the optimal scale for the translog cost frontier showed to be between 130,000-300,000 boxes. One of the explanations for this difference is the lower prices for fertilizers and labor paid by large farmers, which is a source of pecuniary scale economy. As for the factors determining the differential in technical, cost, and profit efficiency, it was possible to verify a significant effect coming from a set of variables which can be divided into structural (irrigation, greening and land consolidation), managerial (adoption of management tools, use of plural forms of governance, choice of marketing channels, rural production diversification and technical assistance), institutional (occurrence of problems in the contracts of sale, formation of expectations, perception of enforcement in commercial contracts and financial leverage), and human capital (schooling and access to information). Therefore, some of the main research hypotheses were corroborated in the empirical analyses. Lastly, based on the results of the study, a set of suggestions that may subsidize the formulation of public policies and private strategies for the citrus production of São Paulo were made.
Sujeito e homem na crítica de Michel Foucault à antropologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Silveira, Fillipa Carneiro
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Nascimento, Luís Fernandes dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3654785629696808
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
Ce travail présente une analyse du problème de l'anthropologie chez Foucault, à la lumière des concepts de sujet et d'homme, dans ses textes du milieu des années 50, et des années 60. Le point de départ, c’est la thèse complémentaire à l'Histoire de folie, intitulé Genèse et structure de l’Anthropologie du point de vue pragmatique de Kant. Ensuite, on fait l’analyse des textes des années 50, dans lesquels on trouve les origines du problème de l'anthropologie au sein de la recherche sur la psychologie et la maladie mentale. Enfin, on fait, sous la même perspective, l’analyse des textes principaux de la période archéologique, jusqu'à Les mots et les choses. On trouve que, depuis la Thèse Complémentaire, l'anthropologie est défini comme un regard spécifique sur l'homme, au seuil entre ce qui lui est interne (l'âme / esprit, la subjectivité), et ce qui lui est externe (son corps, d'un côté et, de l'autre, ses relations de savoir / pouvoir avec l'autre). Dans ces dualités répose aussi une «anthropologisation du savoir », en raison de la confusion dans l'analyse de l'homme, entre le domaine empirique de son existence concrète, et le champ d'analyse de ses facultés en tant que sujet transcendantal, thème fondamental de Les mots et les choses. En outre, on observe dans ces relations entre l'intériorité et l'extériorité un élément de normalisation anthropologique, présente dans la régulation du comportement humain à laquelle, cependant, il est possivel aux sujets humains de s’en échapper, en vue de sa liberté de «faire quelque chose d’eux-mêmes ». Ainsi, la critique de Foucault à l'anthropologie implique aussi une critique de l'anthropologie, dans une critique de la vérité, héritier de la pensée de Kant, mais aussi en s'en opposant, une fois qu'elle se donne comme une critique historique des formes par lasquelles les vérités sont constituées.
Métodos ágeis, dilema e rerroupagem no desenvolvimento de jogos educacionais em sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Ferraz Junior, Wilton Moreira
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Santos, Carlos Henrique da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2704773293662530
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Homem, Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080
This work aims to develop a novel method to design educational games, following Extreme Programming and Scrum Agile Methods and screenplays under the dilemmas and mechanical game re-guise concepts, which are already widely accepted in the literature. Workshops using the proposed method were conducted in order to identify the demands of educators and students from elementary and middle school and also the viability in the implementation of the method as a support tool to the teaching process. The validation results and the method acceptance were evaluated by statistical tests, which are also widely explored in the literature for similar samples. The final remarks show the successful methods evolution and their validation results under the considered classrooms context.
O ensino de filosofia na Reforma Gentile (1923- 1925)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Domenici, Marcos Rodrigo
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Maamari, Adriana Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5707827597161294
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0018310284494570
The objective of this research is to develop a study around the teaching of Philosophy in the Italian secondary schools, based on the education reform fostered by Giovanni Gentile, Ministro della Pubblica Istruzione (Secretary of the Department of Education, in English). We will focus this study during the years of 1923 - 1925, when the reform was implemented, until the moment it suffered some changes promoted by the Secretaries of Education who succeeded Gentile. In order to achieve these objectives, we divided the research into three sections. The first section is to familiarize the reader with the history of this research, which is presenting the first years of the fascist regime implemented by Mussolini. This way, we will discuss the development of the fascism as a myth and investigate its primary impacts in the education and in the Italian society as a whole. The second section will focus on the introduction of the philosopher Giovanni Gentile. It will talk about the application of his education reform in the Italian schools, which had been stagnated since 1859, without significant accomplishments. In the third section, we will cover the teaching of Philosophy, which is present in the secondary schools but excluded from other types of schools, such as technical institutes and complementary schools. This reform has ensured the presence of the teaching of Philosophy in the curriculum but has not been enough to guarantee it to be offered to all Italian youths. The reasons that led to this unequal treatment on the teaching of Philosophy will be reviewed during this research.
Caracterização da alumina anódica porosa modificada por plasma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Silva, Karina Rodrigues da
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Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4880226928544532
In this study, the wettability of porous anodic alumina (PAA) surfaces modified by plasma was investigated. The porous anodic alumina films were grown on aluminum substrate using a two step anodization procedure in oxalic acid solution under potentiostatic regime. The surfaces of PAA films were modified by plasma treatment or plasma deposition techniques. Prior to surface modification, the impurities were removed by a plasma cleaning procedure. Oxygen was used in plasma treatment in order to produce hydrophilic surfaces. On the other hand, the plasma deposition (in HMDSO or HMDSO + argon mixture) was performed to produce hydrophobic surfaces or less hydrophilic surface. Electropolished aluminum without PAA film were used as reference. The influence of substrate morphology on wettability was analyzed. The morphological characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructural analysis was carried out using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A goniometer was used to measure the contact angle and evaluate the wettability of electroplished aluminum and PAA films. The results showed that the wettability of the samples was affect by chemical interactions of functional groups on the surface deposited after plasma treatment. The effect of the porous surface morphology on wettability was not significant compared to the plasma treated films with new chemical interactions effects.
Uma solução de reconfiguração leve para Paxos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Paula, Anderson Parra de
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Vieira, Gustavo Maciel Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9020007815886406
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8796730427746323
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Camargos, Lásaro Jonas
Paxos is an active replication algorithm that keeps the same shared state consistently among servers that handle requests from an application. It is unusual to find applications where the main processing happens through a replication algorithm such as Paxos, mostly due to the high number of exchanged messages required to keep the state consistent. This restricts the system scalability to a handful of replicas. To increase the applicability of active replication, we would like be able to not only make the capacity of processing proportional to the number of servers employed, but also change dynamically the number of server according to demand. In this dissertation we explored reconfiguration on systems that use active replication. We proposed two mechanisms: (1) efficient protocolo for state transfer; and (2) incorporation of new replicas in the system with no significant increase in the cost to keep the whole system consistent. Our approach uses both mechanisms to create reader replicas, capable of answering all application requests without taking an active part in the costly operations of the Paxos algorithm.
Ajustes e adaptações do exercício físico resistido de baixa intensidade e longas séries nas variáveis autonômicas, ventilatórias, musculares e hemodinâmicas em idosos com doença arterial coronariana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Caruso, Flávia Cristina Rossi
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7119400854907214
The thesis consisted of three studies described below. The study I, entitled "Hemodynamic and metabolic response during aerobic and resistance dynamic exercise in different intensities: A cross-sectional study on implications of intensity on safety and symptoms in patients with coronary disease". Where the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and physiological responses during resistance exercise in loads of 30 and 60% of 1-RM on the leg press 45° and compare the responses with maximum aerobic exercise. The evaluation included aerobic test on cycle ergometer and resistance test in leg press 45°. Ventilation, hemodynamic and clinical measurements were performed. The results showed that 60% of resistance exercise and the dynamic test increased variables response studied in compared the load of 30% in resistance exercise. We conclude that high repetition of resistance exercise results in physiological changes at an intensity comparable to maximal aerobic exercise. Further, the study II, entitled "Resistance training improves heart rate variability and muscular performance: A randomized controlled trial in patients with coronary artery disease study" The objective was to investigate the effects of a high repetition program/low load resistance training (RT) (HR/LL-RT) in heart rate variability (HRV) in muscular strength and endurance in patients with CAD. Test were carried out in 1-RM test in leg press 45°, HRV was captured in the supine position before and after eight weeks of RT. The HR/LL-RT program consisted of an exercise using leg press 45°; (three sets, twenty repetitions, twice a week for eight weeks). The results showed that after eight weeks RT there was a significant increase in the values of the RMSSD, ApEn SD1 indices and only the TG (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in Mean HR after RT for TG (p<0.05). Additionally, there was significant improvement in muscular strength and endurance only for the TG (p<0.05). We conclude that eight weeks of HR/LL-RT is a sufficient stimulus to change heart function, muscle strength and endurance in patients with CAD. Finally, the study III, entitled: ''What the impact of resistance training on hemodynamic, autonomic and metabolic variables in coronary artery disease patients? The randomized controlled trial of eight weeks''. Where the objective was to evaluate the hemodynamic, metabolic, and the HRV effects during maximum intensity tolerated in constant loads protocols during dynamic and resistance exercise before and after eight weeks of resistance training program of low intensity and high reps (RTLHr) in patients with CAD. The results showed increase in maximum and submaximal load (p<0.01) and attenuation of the hemodynamic performance in the higher load (p<0.01) and reduced lactate concentration compared for TG. During the cycle ergometer exercise, there was attenuation of hemodynamic performance and increased minute ventilation (p<0.01). Finally, the TRBAr produced greater parasympathetic contribution (RMSSD and SD1), after RT. We conclude that eight weeks of RTLHr may attenuate the hemodynamic stress, metabolic and autonomic during resistance exercise with cardiovascular and autonomic beneficial effects also in the dynamic exercise.
A intersetorialidade na gestão das políticas sociais : o contexto da produção científica brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29)
Amaral, Liliane Morais
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Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1647958660743909
Intersectoriality can be defined as an implementation strategy management actions in public, private or public / private services. In conceptual aspect, it can be understood as a political immaterial strategy for dealing with social inequalities and poverty, complex and multifactorial phenomenon, requiring therefore a complex approach. The configuration of social protection services in Brazil, built after the 1988 Constitution, sought to institutionalize social policies as universal, equitable, decentralized and democratized by means of social control, responding to the need to repay the resulting social debt policies pursued by governments authoritarian, with models of centralizing welfare and social protection. This study of exploratory and descriptive, conducted a review of published and indexed scientific literature databases in the humanities and social sciences of nature and life and related fields, in order to discuss the implementation of public policies in Brazil from the intersectoral guideline proposed to operationalize the decentralization and promote the constitutional principle. He drew a picture of scientific production in the field of Brazilian public policy, focusing on public management of intersectionality, through a search of articles published in scientific journals indexed in databases from 1988, historical and normative framework for analysis intersectoral this guideline in the law of creation of the Brazilian social protection services. The research analyzed the intersectoral approach building on the management of public policies. Such a theme makes it possible to rethink the operation of the implemented Brazilian public policies through advance directives proposals from the 1988 Constitution. This study concluded that scientific texts are in an incipient phase and concentrated in health, organized in political, administrative and epistemological earlier that the area of social and disconnected from social security assistance. Of which comes from research and reporting practices experiences, particularly those associated with the operating scale implementation of social policies. These intersectoral experiences of nature operating in public administration do not solve the structural problems of an economic society, only possible evidence inclusive political projects and situated in the defense of social rights guaranteed in the constitution.
Avaliação da competição entre a espécie nativa Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) e a exótica Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) confinadas em tanques em diferentes densidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-30)
Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro
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Petrere Junior, Miguel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9377772041367252
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652071008597099
In Brazil, species introduction in freshwater ecosystems has become an important topic in conservation ecology, as it is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. Invasive species benefiting from the lack of natural enemies outside their original geographic distribution might represent a highly competitive pressure to the native species sharing the same resources of the invaded areas and may lead to changes in the abundance and richness of natural communities. In this sense, for a better understanding of these relationships, it is possible to study experimentally the interactions between invasive and native species evaluating competition effects. So, the objective of this study was to assess, through an experimental approach, if there is intraspecific and interspecific competition between two cichlid fish: a native species, the cará Geophagus brasiliensis and the exotic Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The objective was to examine if there is differential growth and feeding under different fish densities in consortium or separated. The experiment was conducted in Setor de Aquicultura do Polo Regional Vale do Paraíba - APTA Regional in the municipality of Pindamonhangaba, from March to June 2014. In order to assess the intraspecific competition of each species due to increased density and, comparing them with interspecific competition when the two species coexist in the same tank, five treatments with four replicas were considered. Fish diet studies suggest that there was no intraspecific and interspecific competition for food in this experiment. Despite the morphological similarities between the two fish species, the weight gain is evident and it can be assigned to the treatment itself. Intraspecific competition was not detected, as there was no significant decrease in the average weight gain for both species with increasing density of individuals of the same species. As for the interspecific competition, the results suggest that space availability may have been the main factor of dispute between species, since there was no significant change in diet and the consortium of these species benefited O. niloticus in much higher proportion than G. brasiliensis.
Desafios e oportunidades para a implantação do VLT no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-30)
Ribeiro, Euclides Aparecido
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1560241440437627
The identification of aspects and circumstance considered as challenges and opportunities inherent in the implementation of the urban transport system operated by the Light Rail Transit - LRT in Brazilian cities are at the heart of the goals of this work. Developed a methodology where theoretical research done through the literature review and the application of Delphi method, used for the query to a group of subject matter experts, formed the basis for completion of the study. The results show its role of facilitator and propellant within the context of urban policies in cities where it already operates on a consolidated basis in several countries, creating expectations that can achieve the same effects in Brazilian cities, which will be deployed and that way, if firm as an efficient urban transport mode, an agent of sustainable urban mobility. It is concluded that, given the reality of urban mobility conditions in most Brazilian cities large and medium-sized, the opportunities for this innovative transport system and holder of proactive features, observed by the methodology applied, are feasible, since , its viability is proven through studies covering aspects such as; the existence of demand, the investment capacity of the governing body, the prospect of financial return and integration with existing modes, to name the most important. Also through the applied methodology, it can be concluded that the challenges for its implementation in the country are of great proportions, starting with the high investments required, through the formulation of policies that integrate the various segments of urban management and culminating with the effective participation of population most interested. Thus, it is understood that the opportunities and challenges for the VLT go hand in hand, on the prowl for decisions that put to the test.
Análise in silico, in vitro e in vivo de compostos organocalcogênios como possíveis anti-inflamatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-30)
Baptistini, Natália
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Caracelli, Ignez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8966359690368444
In this work are presented the in silico study of the formation of complexes between organochalcogens compounds with enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 that were carried out in order to study their potential to act as selective inhibitors of COX-2 and thus as anti-inflammatories, as well as the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments of this activity. There were modeled and studied 15 organochalcogens compounds and their enantiomers, with a structure similar to that of the selective drug celecoxib. Compounds 2-(phenylseleno)-2-(2-ethyl-X)acetophenones-4’Y-substituted , with Y = H, Br, CH3, OCH3, NO2 and X = SO2, SO, S, were modeled using as starting point the crystallographic structure of the compound with Y = Br and X = SO. The three dimensional structures of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes were obtained from the PDB. The results of the molecular docking calculations were evaluated considering the patterns of orientations/conformations, intermolecular interactions, π interactions and scores. The results of these experiments allowed to propose a mechanism of action as well as a preferred bonding mode that would explain the activity of these compounds as possible inhibitors of COX-2, which is a condition necessary to act as anti-inflammatory. In particular, the compound where Y = OCH3 and X = SO2 (5-OCH3) being selective to COX-2 is the one with the best chances to act as an anti-inflammatory. This is because the OCH3 substituent occupied the S1 subsite of the enzyme, maintaining the interaction with His90 and the SO2 moiety interacts with the Tyr355, an important amino acid for the metabolism of the COX-2 substrate, the arachidonic acid. The other interactions made by the compound, such as π interactions, are important for fixing the ligand in the active site, although they are not directly related to its selectivity. The experiments in vitro and in vivo confirm the in silico results, as the enzyme immunoassay showed that this compound exhibits greater inhibition of COX-2 relative to COX-1. Furthermore, the activity of the 5-OCH3 compound was evaluated with the classical models of edema formation, that is the carrageenan and zymosan induced inflammation in the rat paw, resulting in a significant reduction in paw thickness after two hours and decreasing of the temperature after one hour of the application of the anti-inflammatory agent. As the best results were obtained for the model of paw edema elicited by carrageenan this suggests that the compound acts better in the case of acute inflammation.
Adubação com torta de filtro “in natura” e compostada no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07)
Peterlevitz, Natanny
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
The agricultural use of by-products of the agroindustry, such as filter cake, reduces the production costs of sugarcane and contributes to the mitigation of environmental impacts, since it reduces the use of mineral fertilizers as alternative sources of nutrients. Filter cake is an important alternative source of phosphorus (P), a primary macro-element with limited availability in weathered tropical soils, typical of sugarcane production environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of the sugarcane plants, using fertilizers with different types (in natura and composted) and doses (calculated and practiced) of filter cake as a source of P. Pre-sprouted seedlings from the RB855536 variety of sugarcane were transplanted into 40 dm3 pots, filled with soil samples from the topsoil horizon of a dystrophic Oxisol. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized block design, composed of six treatments with five replications: T0 - control; T1 - conventional chemical fertilization; T2 - filter cake “in natura” at the calculated dose (35 t / ha); T3 - “in natura” filter cake in sub-dose (20 t / ha); T4 - filter cake composted at the calculated dose (25 t / ha) and; T5 - filter cake composted in subdose (15 t / ha). At 120 days after transplanting, biometric assessments were performed to collect information about height, diameter, and number of internodes per stem, fresh and dry mass of stems, and chemical analysis of the soil and plant tissue. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant by the F test, were evaluated by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The use of 20-35 t ha-1 of “in natura” filter cake or 15-25 t ha-1 of composted filter cake had an effect similar or superior to conventional mineral fertilization on biometric parameters, but reduced leaf contents of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), when compared to conventional fertilization treatment. Leaf nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) contents were not altered by the use of filter cake. With the application of 15-25 t ha-1 of composted filter cake, significant increases were observed in the cation exchange capacity and in the contents of K, Ca, sum of bases (SB) and, mainly, of P from the soil. Contrary to expectations, the use of filter cake did not cause significant increases in the soil's organic matter. However, the application of 20-35 t ha-1 of “in natura” filter cake increased the potential acidity and decreased the soil pH. Regardless of the type and dose, the filter cake completely replaced the phosphate fertilizer and ensured adequate P leaf levels in sugarcane plants in the early stage of development. The application of filter cake was an efficient alternative to supply P and, therefore, can reduce costs with phosphate mineral fertilizers.
Representações sociais em disputa: o movimento pela humanização do parto e do nascimento em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-01)
Rocha, Carolina Neves da
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153216258723670
Childbirth is not only a physical and biological event, but also a social and cultural one, which traditionally involved the whole community. With the institutionalization and appropriation of childbirth by Medicine, it has also appropriated women’s bodies, subjecting them to protocols and disregarding their individual, emotional and cultural aspects. In opposition to this model, which became hegemonic throughout the post-industrial western world, emerged movements of health professionals and women who claimed the humanization of delivery. In Brazil, this movement began in the 1980s and, along with international agencies such as WHO, influenced proposals of the Ministry of Health in the following decades. Since 2000’s, there was intense scientific literature on the subject, becoming an important interdisciplinary field. This study aimed to understand the social representations of the agents involved in the movement for humanization of childbirth in the city of São Carlos, where there was a significant amount of experiences and progress in the same direction proposed by the humanization. To achieve this goal, information from the literature on the subject, documentary analysis of public policies, semi-structured interviews and participant observations between the years 2013 and 2014 were triangulated. Social representations were analyzed by a theoretical framework formed from Theory of Social Representations and concepts from the literature, with the backdrop of public policies and the movement’s history. As a result, seized up a group consensus regarding the concept of humanization, which is the articulation of respecting women and their right to informed choice with a new practice in obstetrics, based on scientific evidence. Also agreed were the main Movement pillars identified, namely access to and dissemination of information based on evidence and the fight against obstetric violence. Finally, important disagreements have been found, such as the question if the universality was a goal of the Movement. Also, some contradictions and struggles were revealed by the discourses accessed, mainly related to internal and external relations established by the Movement. It was perceived as key findings the lack of articulation of this movement and its de-politicisation, factors that limited their activities towards changing the current obstetric model.
O gênero hino na perspectiva baktiniana : uma abordagem dialógica do hino do MST e de outros enunciados concretos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-01)
Moraes, Flavio Henrique
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Signori, Mônica Baltazar Diniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5524678730650668
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
This study aims to understand the song genre from the perspective of Bakhtin (2010) and dialogical relations that it establishes with its fields or social spheres in which arises and manifests. We will take as objects of study two hymns of contemporary social movements and a statement chanted during Marches July 2013 namely: the Anthem of the Landless Rural Workers (MST), the Hymn of the Zapatista Movement and the statement concrete "Come To street ". Mirando such objects and articulating the concept of gender in the theoretical orbit circle which was part Bakhtin, I want to understand how is the transition from primary to secondary and genres such as the hymn, through its expressiveness, brand valuation of part of the story Movement embodied in the narrative of militants Settlement Monte Alegre, located in the region of Araraquara-SP, thus indicating the passage of the ethical to the aesthetic field.
As revistas da SciELO em acesso aberto e as políticas de direitos autorais: o caso das Ciências Agrárias e das Engenharias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-02)
Gaban, Nayara de Cassia
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Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3781714752634169
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the editorial policies of open access journals indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), analyzing which of them require and which do not require the assignment of copyright by the authors, to then find their "levels of openness" as defined in the pamphlet "HowOpenIsIt?" published by SPARC, PLoS and OASPA. To this, data were collected from the policies of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering areas by using the option "Instructions to Authors" contained on the cover page of the titles in the SciELO platform; altogether 155 titles were analyzed, 94 of Agricultural Sciences and 61 of Engineering. Each policy has been examined by the election of keywords relevant according to the aims of the study. The results showed that only ≈4% of the total mentioned clarifies that authors maintain copyright with them, while ≈43% require full transmission of these rights as a prerequisite for publication. The analysis, coupled with bibliographical research, demonstrated that these titles are more “closed", which is not consistent with the definition and essence of Open Access because this focuses on easing scientific diffusion and encourages that research is disseminated as widely as possible, maximizing scientific communication.
Organização e funcionamento da política representativa local : o caso do município de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-02)
Martins, Thais Cavalcante
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5764763788709997
This research aims to examine the organization and functioning of representative politics in São Carlos between the years 2001-2008, including the way that political representation is exercised at the local level. We seek to identify and analyze the profile of local political elites, the strategies adopted by councilors in the performance of representation as well as the relationship established with the executive. To this end, we look back on the local scene from the resumption of the political divide, the rules of the legislative process, in addition to the agenda approved by the mayor and the City Council. The study seeks to demonstrate that the choice made by political actors would be related, as far as possible, to the unique dynamics of county policy. Although individuals are the basic unit of analysis, they operate according to the parameters set by the institutional environment in which they operate. Are the preferences of the actors as well as its position in the political game that make these opt for a strategy or other possibilities in the field of institutional rules.
Possibilidade de atuação docente sobre o bullying nos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-02)
Santos, Stephanne Cavalcante dos
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9299514380639583
This undergraduate thesis has as its object the teaching performance on bullying in the early years. The theme arose from the author's concern when she worked as an intern in the early years of Elementary School I in a public school in Sorocaba, São Paulo. With the experiences during the internships, the lack of teacher preparation in relation to bullying practices generated distress. The research seeks to understand how teachers who work in this segment perceive and forward the manifestations of bullying, analyzing how education professionals deal with such cases. The work is divided into three chapters. Chapter I presents the theoretical framework that supports the theme. This chapter begins with the excerpt called “School violence and bullying”, based on the studies of the Multifunctional Association for Support to Children and Adolescents (ABRAPIA), Lopes Neto (2005), Fante (2005), Oliboni (2008) and Pinheiro (2006). The second excerpt of the first chapter contains the “Concept of bullying” based on Fante (2005), Lopes Neto and Saavedra (2003), Olweus (1998; 1999), Lopes (2005) and Silva (2010). The third excerpt addresses the “Characteristics of bullying” and is based on Fante (2005), Lopes Neto (2005), Oliboni (2008) and Silva (2010). The fourth part presents the “History of bullying”, based on Lopes Neto and Saavedra (2003); Fante (2005) and Silva (2010). The fifth segment deals with “Studies and findings on bullying in Brazil” based on theoretical research carried out by the Multifunctional Association for Support to Children and Adolescents (ABRAPIA) and Fante (2005). Chapter II describes the methodology used to build the study, which is classified as qualitative and case study. To collect data, interviews were conducted with five teachers who work in the early years of Elementary School I in the city of Sorocaba. In Chapter III the data analysis is presented, interweaving the expressions of the teachers in the interviews with the theoretical references that support the work.
A desvalorização do corpo na infância: análise de uma experiência no estágio supervisionado em educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-02)
Ginna, Bárbara
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Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8950324562955939
The object of this study is the devaluation of the child's body at school. The study aimed to investigate the historical reasons for the repression of movement in school education, the reasons why domestication practices are accepted by education professionals as being effective and the consequences of the oppression of the body in the formation of the child as a subject. The text is divided into three chapters. Chapter I consists of a historical survey, from the perspective of Michel Foucault, on the issue of repression of bodies, aiming to understand how it happened historically and what is its connection and possible articulation with the education of subjects at school. The second chapter presents the methodological paths followed in the work, which were the bibliographical survey, observation in the context of a supervised internship in Early Childhood Education, data collection and field diary records, in addition to describing the situation of the internship performed, the researched context and its subjects. Chapter III contains data analysis, which consists of efforts to intertwine field data with the theoretical foundation and with the experiences lived by the author in practice.
Relações de trabalho no campo: estudo de caso da Fazenda Alcoléa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-02)
Palmeira, Laura Cristina Fernandes
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Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8287223144775112
Throughout history, there have been different types of labor relations in the Brazilian countryside. The mode of production in the colonial period was represented by the slave system, which was exploited the slave labor force, which also entered the process as a merchandise. In the mid-nineteenth century, the settlers begin to replace the slave labor on farms through labor contracts by casual work or partner who became known as the settlement system. After almost a century, these relations would change to the form of wage labor in the countryside. Hiring fly workers to the harvest period represented one way to not pay workers rights provided by the unregistered. Alcolea farm had some workers of these labor relations, because we found reports of fly workers, registered workers and also unregistered. The proposal to work the agrarian question in school enables students to understand this from their reality.