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Evolução cromossômica em peixes da família Erythrinidae (Characiformes). Citogenética comparativa entre espécies do gênero Hoplias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Oliveira, Ezequiel Aguiar de; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3035501906153908
The Erythrinidae family is a small group of Neotropical Characiformes, comprising only three genera, Hoplias, Hoplerythrinus and Erythrinus. Hoplias malabaricus, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Erythrinus erythrinus must correspond to groups of species, considering the extensive chromosomal diversity that they present, including different sex chromosomes systems. Therefore, these fishes offer excellent opportunities for evolutionary investigations, given the different chromosomal characteristics between their representatives. Recent studies allowed the taxonomic characterization of six poorly or not studied Hoplias species (H. aimara, H. lacerdae, H. intermedius, H. brasiliensis, H. australis and H. curupira), present in several South American river basins’ and popularly known as “trairões” due to their large size. This study aimed to characterize the chromosomal evolution occurred in this particular group of species, in the light of its recent review and taxonomic identifications. For this purpose, in addition to classical chromosomal analysis, cytogenetic mapping of repetitive DNA sequences using specific probes was used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The results showed the sharing of a great homogeneity in the species´ karyotype macrostructure, with 2n = 50 and karyotypes composed only by meta- and submetacentric chromosomes without the presence of differentiated sex chromosomes between the sexes. In turn, the karyotype microstructure, as revealed by the analysis of components of the repetitive fraction of the genome showed interspecies differentiation, thus confirming the recent taxonomic revision of these species based on their morphological characteristics. This evolutionary scenario, highlighting the conservation of chromosomal macro-structure, sharply contrasts with the scenario found in the representatives of H. malabaricus group, where a conspicuous chromosomal variation can be observed between different populations of this "nominal species." Environmental aspects related to the way of life, as well as intrinsic chromosomal features, may influence the coexistence of these contrasting models of chromosomal evolution among congeneric species of Hoplias.
Métodos ágeis, dilema e rerroupagem no desenvolvimento de jogos educacionais em sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Ferraz Junior, Wilton Moreira; Santos, Carlos Henrique da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2704773293662530; Homem, Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4328187599187471; Lopes, Roseli de Deus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9490410798668023; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443
This work aims to develop a novel method to design educational games, following Extreme Programming and Scrum Agile Methods and screenplays under the dilemmas and mechanical game re-guise concepts, which are already widely accepted in the literature. Workshops using the proposed method were conducted in order to identify the demands of educators and students from elementary and middle school and also the viability in the implementation of the method as a support tool to the teaching process. The validation results and the method acceptance were evaluated by statistical tests, which are also widely explored in the literature for similar samples. The final remarks show the successful methods evolution and their validation results under the considered classrooms context.
Caracterização da alumina anódica porosa modificada por plasma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Silva, Karina Rodrigues da; Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4880226928544532
In this study, the wettability of porous anodic alumina (PAA) surfaces modified by plasma was investigated. The porous anodic alumina films were grown on aluminum substrate using a two step anodization procedure in oxalic acid solution under potentiostatic regime. The surfaces of PAA films were modified by plasma treatment or plasma deposition techniques. Prior to surface modification, the impurities were removed by a plasma cleaning procedure. Oxygen was used in plasma treatment in order to produce hydrophilic surfaces. On the other hand, the plasma deposition (in HMDSO or HMDSO + argon mixture) was performed to produce hydrophobic surfaces or less hydrophilic surface. Electropolished aluminum without PAA film were used as reference. The influence of substrate morphology on wettability was analyzed. The morphological characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microstructural analysis was carried out using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A goniometer was used to measure the contact angle and evaluate the wettability of electroplished aluminum and PAA films. The results showed that the wettability of the samples was affect by chemical interactions of functional groups on the surface deposited after plasma treatment. The effect of the porous surface morphology on wettability was not significant compared to the plasma treated films with new chemical interactions effects.
O ensino de filosofia na Reforma Gentile (1923- 1925)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Domenici, Marcos Rodrigo; Maamari, Adriana Mattar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5707827597161294; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0018310284494570
The objective of this research is to develop a study around the teaching of Philosophy in the Italian secondary schools, based on the education reform fostered by Giovanni Gentile, Ministro della Pubblica Istruzione (Secretary of the Department of Education, in English). We will focus this study during the years of 1923 - 1925, when the reform was implemented, until the moment it suffered some changes promoted by the Secretaries of Education who succeeded Gentile. In order to achieve these objectives, we divided the research into three sections. The first section is to familiarize the reader with the history of this research, which is presenting the first years of the fascist regime implemented by Mussolini. This way, we will discuss the development of the fascism as a myth and investigate its primary impacts in the education and in the Italian society as a whole. The second section will focus on the introduction of the philosopher Giovanni Gentile. It will talk about the application of his education reform in the Italian schools, which had been stagnated since 1859, without significant accomplishments. In the third section, we will cover the teaching of Philosophy, which is present in the secondary schools but excluded from other types of schools, such as technical institutes and complementary schools. This reform has ensured the presence of the teaching of Philosophy in the curriculum but has not been enough to guarantee it to be offered to all Italian youths. The reasons that led to this unequal treatment on the teaching of Philosophy will be reviewed during this research.
A intersetorialidade na gestão das políticas sociais : o contexto da produção científica brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Amaral, Liliane Morais; Malfitano, Ana Paula Serrata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1462870858750395; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1647958660743909
Intersectoriality can be defined as an implementation strategy management actions in public, private or public / private services. In conceptual aspect, it can be understood as a political immaterial strategy for dealing with social inequalities and poverty, complex and multifactorial phenomenon, requiring therefore a complex approach. The configuration of social protection services in Brazil, built after the 1988 Constitution, sought to institutionalize social policies as universal, equitable, decentralized and democratized by means of social control, responding to the need to repay the resulting social debt policies pursued by governments authoritarian, with models of centralizing welfare and social protection. This study of exploratory and descriptive, conducted a review of published and indexed scientific literature databases in the humanities and social sciences of nature and life and related fields, in order to discuss the implementation of public policies in Brazil from the intersectoral guideline proposed to operationalize the decentralization and promote the constitutional principle. He drew a picture of scientific production in the field of Brazilian public policy, focusing on public management of intersectionality, through a search of articles published in scientific journals indexed in databases from 1988, historical and normative framework for analysis intersectoral this guideline in the law of creation of the Brazilian social protection services. The research analyzed the intersectoral approach building on the management of public policies. Such a theme makes it possible to rethink the operation of the implemented Brazilian public policies through advance directives proposals from the 1988 Constitution. This study concluded that scientific texts are in an incipient phase and concentrated in health, organized in political, administrative and epistemological earlier that the area of social and disconnected from social security assistance. Of which comes from research and reporting practices experiences, particularly those associated with the operating scale implementation of social policies. These intersectoral experiences of nature operating in public administration do not solve the structural problems of an economic society, only possible evidence inclusive political projects and situated in the defense of social rights guaranteed in the constitution.
Ajustes e adaptações do exercício físico resistido de baixa intensidade e longas séries nas variáveis autonômicas, ventilatórias, musculares e hemodinâmicas em idosos com doença arterial coronariana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Caruso, Flávia Cristina Rossi; Silva, Audrey Borghi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7119400854907214
The thesis consisted of three studies described below. The study I, entitled "Hemodynamic and metabolic response during aerobic and resistance dynamic exercise in different intensities: A cross-sectional study on implications of intensity on safety and symptoms in patients with coronary disease". Where the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and physiological responses during resistance exercise in loads of 30 and 60% of 1-RM on the leg press 45° and compare the responses with maximum aerobic exercise. The evaluation included aerobic test on cycle ergometer and resistance test in leg press 45°. Ventilation, hemodynamic and clinical measurements were performed. The results showed that 60% of resistance exercise and the dynamic test increased variables response studied in compared the load of 30% in resistance exercise. We conclude that high repetition of resistance exercise results in physiological changes at an intensity comparable to maximal aerobic exercise. Further, the study II, entitled "Resistance training improves heart rate variability and muscular performance: A randomized controlled trial in patients with coronary artery disease study" The objective was to investigate the effects of a high repetition program/low load resistance training (RT) (HR/LL-RT) in heart rate variability (HRV) in muscular strength and endurance in patients with CAD. Test were carried out in 1-RM test in leg press 45°, HRV was captured in the supine position before and after eight weeks of RT. The HR/LL-RT program consisted of an exercise using leg press 45°; (three sets, twenty repetitions, twice a week for eight weeks). The results showed that after eight weeks RT there was a significant increase in the values of the RMSSD, ApEn SD1 indices and only the TG (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in Mean HR after RT for TG (p<0.05). Additionally, there was significant improvement in muscular strength and endurance only for the TG (p<0.05). We conclude that eight weeks of HR/LL-RT is a sufficient stimulus to change heart function, muscle strength and endurance in patients with CAD. Finally, the study III, entitled: ''What the impact of resistance training on hemodynamic, autonomic and metabolic variables in coronary artery disease patients? The randomized controlled trial of eight weeks''. Where the objective was to evaluate the hemodynamic, metabolic, and the HRV effects during maximum intensity tolerated in constant loads protocols during dynamic and resistance exercise before and after eight weeks of resistance training program of low intensity and high reps (RTLHr) in patients with CAD. The results showed increase in maximum and submaximal load (p<0.01) and attenuation of the hemodynamic performance in the higher load (p<0.01) and reduced lactate concentration compared for TG. During the cycle ergometer exercise, there was attenuation of hemodynamic performance and increased minute ventilation (p<0.01). Finally, the TRBAr produced greater parasympathetic contribution (RMSSD and SD1), after RT. We conclude that eight weeks of RTLHr may attenuate the hemodynamic stress, metabolic and autonomic during resistance exercise with cardiovascular and autonomic beneficial effects also in the dynamic exercise.
Uma solução de reconfiguração leve para Paxos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Paula, Anderson Parra de; Vieira, Gustavo Maciel Dias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9020007815886406; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8796730427746323; Camargos, Lásaro Jonas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4297695725568502; Venturini, Yeda Regina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2754963032552559
Paxos is an active replication algorithm that keeps the same shared state consistently among servers that handle requests from an application. It is unusual to find applications where the main processing happens through a replication algorithm such as Paxos, mostly due to the high number of exchanged messages required to keep the state consistent. This restricts the system scalability to a handful of replicas. To increase the applicability of active replication, we would like be able to not only make the capacity of processing proportional to the number of servers employed, but also change dynamically the number of server according to demand. In this dissertation we explored reconfiguration on systems that use active replication. We proposed two mechanisms: (1) efficient protocolo for state transfer; and (2) incorporation of new replicas in the system with no significant increase in the cost to keep the whole system consistent. Our approach uses both mechanisms to create reader replicas, capable of answering all application requests without taking an active part in the costly operations of the Paxos algorithm.
Sujeito e homem na crítica de Michel Foucault à antropologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Silveira, Fillipa Carneiro; Nascimento, Luís Fernandes dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3654785629696808; Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5054633257502667
Ce travail présente une analyse du problème de l'anthropologie chez Foucault, à la lumière des concepts de sujet et d'homme, dans ses textes du milieu des années 50, et des années 60. Le point de départ, c’est la thèse complémentaire à l'Histoire de folie, intitulé Genèse et structure de l’Anthropologie du point de vue pragmatique de Kant. Ensuite, on fait l’analyse des textes des années 50, dans lesquels on trouve les origines du problème de l'anthropologie au sein de la recherche sur la psychologie et la maladie mentale. Enfin, on fait, sous la même perspective, l’analyse des textes principaux de la période archéologique, jusqu'à Les mots et les choses. On trouve que, depuis la Thèse Complémentaire, l'anthropologie est défini comme un regard spécifique sur l'homme, au seuil entre ce qui lui est interne (l'âme / esprit, la subjectivité), et ce qui lui est externe (son corps, d'un côté et, de l'autre, ses relations de savoir / pouvoir avec l'autre). Dans ces dualités répose aussi une «anthropologisation du savoir », en raison de la confusion dans l'analyse de l'homme, entre le domaine empirique de son existence concrète, et le champ d'analyse de ses facultés en tant que sujet transcendantal, thème fondamental de Les mots et les choses. En outre, on observe dans ces relations entre l'intériorité et l'extériorité un élément de normalisation anthropologique, présente dans la régulation du comportement humain à laquelle, cependant, il est possivel aux sujets humains de s’en échapper, en vue de sa liberté de «faire quelque chose d’eux-mêmes ». Ainsi, la critique de Foucault à l'anthropologie implique aussi une critique de l'anthropologie, dans une critique de la vérité, héritier de la pensée de Kant, mais aussi en s'en opposant, une fois qu'elle se donne comme une critique historique des formes par lasquelles les vérités sont constituées.
Determinantes da eficiência técnica e econômica da citricultura em propriedades rurais do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-06-29) Carrer, Marcelo José; Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6178330814144839
The aim of this study was to measure the technical and economic efficiency differentials in citrus production among farms in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as to identify the determining factors of these differentials. In addition, it was also an objective to investigate the main characteristics of citrus production technology (partial elasticities, returns of scale, economies of scale and the elasticities of substitution of production factors). Primary data was collected from a representative random sample of 98 rural properties. Stochastic production, cost and profit frontier models were used, assuming the Cobb-Douglas and the translog functional forms. In order to identify the factors determining the efficiency differentials, the single-stage stochastic model proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995) was adopted, and a set of hypotheses were tested, based on different standpoints of economic theory (NEI, ECT, theories of human capital, theories of production management, etc) as well as on the characteristics of citrus production. The results of the study showed the existence of technical inefficiency (28.4% on average), as well as inefficiency of cost (30.6% on average), and of profits (55.3 on average) among the farms. The translog production and cost frontiers indicated the existence of an initial zone with strong growing returns/economies of scale which go into exhaustion until decreasing returns begin to occur/diseconomies of scale. The optimum scale, calculated from the parameters estimated in the translog production frontier, showed to be between 70,000-100,000 boxes, while the optimal scale for the translog cost frontier showed to be between 130,000-300,000 boxes. One of the explanations for this difference is the lower prices for fertilizers and labor paid by large farmers, which is a source of pecuniary scale economy. As for the factors determining the differential in technical, cost, and profit efficiency, it was possible to verify a significant effect coming from a set of variables which can be divided into structural (irrigation, greening and land consolidation), managerial (adoption of management tools, use of plural forms of governance, choice of marketing channels, rural production diversification and technical assistance), institutional (occurrence of problems in the contracts of sale, formation of expectations, perception of enforcement in commercial contracts and financial leverage), and human capital (schooling and access to information). Therefore, some of the main research hypotheses were corroborated in the empirical analyses. Lastly, based on the results of the study, a set of suggestions that may subsidize the formulation of public policies and private strategies for the citrus production of São Paulo were made.