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Desenvolvimento de procedimento para determinação fotométrica de etanol em bebidas destiladas sem uso de reagentes explorando o efeito Schlieren
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-23)
Silva, Diogo Santos
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Reis, Boaventura Freire dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7619359855870896
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6436952522509024
The knowledge and applications of Schlieren effect on the flow injection analysis process (FIA) showed that using the variation of refraction index, formed by concentration gradients during sample dispersion in carrier fluid is a practicable method for ethanol determination in distilled drinks. Based on this effect, we developed an analysis module that performs photometric measurements using flow cells of long optical path length. The method here proposed allowed the determination of ethanol without using reagents. Control of the devices, including solenoid valves and solenoid mini-pumps, was carried out by a microcontroller (Arduino Due) coupled to a microcomputer through serial interface. The control and data acquisition software was written using Visual Basic 6.0, C and C ++ languages. The flow analysis module developed for this study achieved an analytical frequency of 110 samples per hour, sample consumption of 400.2 μL and generation of 2.9 mL of effluent per determination.
Produção e caracterização de ligas do sistema Al-Co-Fe- Cr e aplicações como recobrimentos para barreiras térmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-23)
Wolf, Witor
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9656544805116765
Since the discovery of the quasicrystalline alloys by D. Schechtamn in 1984, many research has been done in terms of coating application of these materials and their intermetallic approximants due to their physical and transport properties as: high hardness, low friction coefficient, low superficial adhesion energy, high oxidation resistance and low thermal conductivity. The low thermal conductivity combined with the thermal expansion in the same range of the usual metallic materials used as substrates in coatings make these alloys as potential substitutes for the traditional ceramics thermal barrier coatings. The alloy Al71Co13Fe8Cr8 has been studied in terms of thermal barrier applications. This alloy presents interesting properties and characteristics for this application. However, the information about this alloy on the literature is scarce and contradictory. In this sense, in the present work, the Al71Co13Fe8Cr8 alloy was selected for coating fabrication aiming to obtain a consistent structural characterization of this alloy. Results show that the Al71Co13Fe8Cr8 alloy is not a quasicrystalline forming composition. It is actually composed by two intermetallic phases, one hexagonal and the other monoclic, Al5Co2 and Al13Co4 respectively, which are approximant phases of the decagonal QC with the interesting physical and transport properties presented by the quasicrystalline phase. The coatings were also studied in terms of the interdifusion phenomena between the coating and a steel substrate at high temperatures. Alloys around the Al71Co13Fe8Cr8 compositional range were also fabricated in order to evaluate the phase formation on the aluminum rich region of the Al-Co-Fe-Cr system. Several intermetallic phases were observed, most of them quaternary extensions of Al-Co intermetallic phases. A quasicrystalline phase was also observed in one of the studied compositions.
Atividade orientadora de ensino de geometrias na perspectiva lógico-histórica : unidade entre ensino e aprendizagem na formação inicial de professores de matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-23)
Santos, Talita Secorun dos
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9052886361360320
The manner Teaching Activities (TAs) of different types of Geometry may be presented as a unity between teaching and learning, or rather, as Teaching Guiding Activity (TGA) in the initial formation of teachers, is discussed. It has thus been presumed that the logical and historical perspective may become a didactic factor in teachers´ initial formation when TAs are developed as from the subject-group-class-narrative dynamics. Current qualitative research was developed based on the following questions: Did teaching activities developed in the disciplines ‘Geometry’ and ‘Euclidian Geometry and Topic for Non-Euclidian Geometries’ generate aims and motives to teach and learn to teach Geometries? Did the activities experienced by the subject-group-class dynamics and posting of narratives become a TGA? Which are the productions of meanings, aims and motives explicit in the narratives prepared by undergraduates of the Math course during their experience in TAs of Geometries within the logical and historical perspective as from the subject-group-class dynamics? Data were retrieved from questionnaires, TAs, field diaries and narratives posted on the Internet. The empirical material was analyzed by four descriptive and analytic categories emerging from three-fold data, namely, From the isolated to the collective; The New; From Learning to Learning to Teach; Contradictions. Results show that Geometry TAs within the logical-historical perspective as from the subject-group-class-narrative dynamics trigger information related to the appropriation of theoretical knowledge, teaching of theoretical knowledge, organization of teaching, pedagogical activities and research in most people involved in the teaching-learning process.
Obtenção de LiFePO4 via síntese assistida por microondas, caracterização e testes eletroquímicos visando sua aplicação como catodos em baterias de íons lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-24)
Smecellato, Pamela Cristina
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Biaggio, Sonia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0702703799059549
In this work, studies on the optimization of the LiFePO4 synthesis were performed, aiming to obtain a product, at shorter calcination times, with smaller particle size and promising electrochemical properties for applications as cathode material in lithium ion batteries. Crystalline LiFePO4 was synthesized through the combination of carbothermal reduction and microwave-assisted solid-state reaction. The precursors LiOH.H2O, FePO4.4H2O, glucose and graphite were exposed to carbothermal reduction at 200 ºC during 3 h and subsequently calcined by irradiation with microwaves at 800 W for varying times, from 1 to 5 min. The obtained products were analyzed through thermal analysis using TGADTG and DSC curves. Their structural, morphological and electrochemical properties were investigated by means of X-Ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The product obtained at 3 min, besides presenting the smallest particle size (100 to 150 nm), was the only one with a crystalline phase and a voltammetric profile characteristic of LiFePO4 between 3,2 and 3,7 V vs. Li/Li+ in a solution of 1 mol L-1 LiClO4 in EC/DMC (1:1 V/V). The electrode was prepared with LiFePO4, acetylene black and PVDF (85:10:5 m/m/m), and the diffusion coefficient of Li ions in the LiFePO4 phase was estimated as 0,29.10–14 cm2 s-1. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were performed with this electrode between 3,8 and 3,1 V vs. Li/Li+ under the same experimental conditions as in the cyclic voltammetry. The obtained LiFePO4 presented an initial specific capacity of 100 mA h g-1 at C/4, considering 39,8% of active material.
Avaliação da capacidade inibidora da corrosão de aminas a partir do aspecto molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-24)
Lima, Eduardo Galdino Alves
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Tsunoda, Mitsukimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842686360162069
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1671943056753690
This project aims the evaluation of some amines as corrosion inhibitors in carbon steel alloys amid hydrochloric acid (pickling bath). For that, analytical aspects of corrosion process has been considered and the results were interpreted considering the molecular interaction with the metal surface.
Acondicionamento de hidroxiapatita nanoparticulada em sachês biodegradáveis para aplicação como fertilizante mineral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-24)
Sciena, Camila Rodrigues
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Paris, Elaine Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4618947245242318
In 2013, the portion of the Brazilian agrarian system in the gross domestic product reached 22.54% according to CEPEA. The production of agricultural commodities is extremely dependent on imported fertilizer, as 74.6% of the material used on national soil has foreign origin. In the case of phosphate fertilizers, the main route for production is by adding sulfuric acid to the phosphate rock, producing phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate, also known as phosphogypsum. This is a major environmental problem generator, since large quantities of by-product are stored without an end use. In order to minimize this issue, this work aims to examine the release of phosphate by hydroxyapatite (HAP) solubilization synthesized in the laboratory in order to assess your application as mineral fertilizer. Since the HAP have low solubility, it was aim at synthesizing a nanostructured material to aid its dissolution, since this property is, normally, dependent on the particle size. In order to minimize the effects of leaching of the soil material were processed blends of biodegradable starch and pectin for the production of sachets for packaging of HAP particulate as well as the slow release thereof. The hydroxyapatite used in this study was obtain by wet coprecipitation method followed by hydrothermal treatment or not. With the use of surfactants and variation in the hydrothermal treatment time, rod and whiskers morphology materials were obtain. For characterization of the synthesized samples was using an x-ray diffractometer. The results from this showed that the particles produced in this study are present in a single step without the occurrence of undesirable secondary phases. The FTIR and FTRaman confirmed the result obtained by XRD. From the Zeta potential was observed that the sample of smaller surface area is made more stable in solution than the rest of the analyzed compounds. It was also observe that increasing the crystallinity of the material resulted in a lower solubility at neutral pH thereof. The release assay was repeated at acidic pH, indicating that more acidic conditions lead to higher dissolutions of samples. From the release tests it was found that the samples had higher solubility at neutral pH, approximately 4.5 mg L-1 of phosphorus released, were smaller and less degree of crystallinity. For the larger and more crystalline sample solutions formed concentrations of at most 1.5 mg L-1. Since the tests made at acidic pH showed that the samples, regardless of the size and crystallinity presented are easily solubilized. All solutions obtained showed the phosphorus concentration around 15 mg L-1. Blends were used to condition the HAP, and chosen to be used in the present work was to TPS 75: 25 PEC, due to its greater flexibility and greater resistance in solution. The solubility obtained for the samples contained in the sachet showed high values, even at pH close to neutral, indicating its potential use.
Concessões de serviços turísticos em áreas protegidas: uma análise da Cachoeira de Morangaba, Jundiaí/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-25)
Ribeiro, Sílvia Cristina Ignácio
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Neiman, Zysman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6435341856481082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2199680453743623
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Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos
Protected areas are vital components for the maintenance of natural areas and landscapes, conservation and preservation of biodiversity and the provision of opportunities for the development of local communities, ecotourism, environmental education and scientific research. However, these areas are in great challenges for most countries, especially in regard to its funding and management. In this perspective, this study shows the historical process of evolution of the issues related to the preservation and conservation in the world, and the historical, economic, social and legal conservation units in Brazil. In order to show some of the mechanisms and models of management systems for protected areas, the study provides an analysis on the concessions of tourist services and the types of possible partnerships between the public and private sectors, Non-Governmental Organizations and institutions. The case study of the waterfall Morangaba Jundiaí, SP, analyzes the public use that is permeated by different interests and meanings, its relationship with ecotourism and management systems available to the site. The survey results identified the potential and feasibility of of partnerships with NGO, educational institutions and private companies.
Efeitos espaço temporais da poluição pontual e não pontual em uma bacia hidrográfica subtropical : ecohidrologia como ferramenta de controle
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-27)
Gatti Junior, Pedro
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Tundisi, José Galizia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791182967599526
Contaminants are introduced into aquatic ecosystems, both from point and diffuse sources and usually are deposited in the sediments of lakes and reservoirs. The input of diffuse pollutants in the environment is of difficult control and identification, while the control of point sources is more efficient because they are easily identified. However, the frequent discharges of effluents, althought undergoing treatment, may change the input of elements and substances in a given region. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial-temporal influence of point and non-point source pollution on the characteristics of surface water and sediment in a watershed with well-marked seasons. In addition, concepts and attempts at ecosystems restoration in different regions were reviewed in order to understand the main drivers of abiotic-biotic regulation among watersheds and aquatic ecosystems, based on the principles of Ecohydrology. For this purpose, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb, Al, Cu, Mn, Hg, As, Se, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ions in water and sediment were examined. Furthermore, levels of metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Hg and As) in the sediment profile of stations under of the influence of different impact were evaluated. This study showed that the point source pollution promote a high load of contaminants in sediment, regardless of the season. Furthermore, the point pollution sources seem to be spatially and temporally the main cause of reservoir sediment chemical composition due its frequent effluent release. This study also indicates that, despite several biogeographical differences, hydrology seems to be the main factor that controls the primary and secondary production and sustainability in rivers and lakes (reservoirs). In conclusion, the hydrology in the tropics seems to decrease the expected effects of a higher temperature. Therefore, to increase resilience in tropical freshwaters integrated actions according to hydrological stages are highly recommended.
Heteroptera aquáticos e semiaquáticos (Gerromorpha e Nepomorpha) do sudoeste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-27)
Vilardi, Gabriel Cestari
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Melo, Alan Lane de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5549358735432795
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Strixino, Susana Trivinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
This study aimed to develop a species list of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera, including distribution to the world and Brazil and new records, gather information on habitats and habits of genera, present sampling methods and preservation of samples, analyze the influence of environmental variables altitude, vegetation cover, presence within protected areas, environmental integrity (RCE) and preferred substrates on the fauna richness, abundance and composition. 2009 specimens were sampled, of which 1150 have been identified to species level. A list of 73 species of Heteroptera (Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha), distributed in 13 families and 33 genera has been prepared based on surveys carried out for this study and literature. In total there are 34 species of Gerromorpha and 39 Nepomorpha. Of these species, 32 are new records for RO, 13 for the Brazilian Amazon and one for Brazil. For fauna analyzes with environmental variables were analyzed 59 species in 30 genera and 13 families. The species accumulation curve has not reached asymptote, indicating that studied area has greater richness than sampled. The richness found in field accounted for 60% of Jacknife 2. Abundance was related to habitat integrity and water flow. Richness in lotic systems was associated with vegetation cover, solid bedrock and stream size. Habitat integrity and vegetation cover were related to the composition of the studied fauna. The identification keys have 39 genera (19 Gerromorpha and 20 Nepomorpha) arising from collections made for this study and literature review and includes genres not covered in previous studies for the Brazi lian Amazon.
Educação das relações étnico-raciais e produção de textos na escola: traços, letras, cores e vozes das crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-28)
Bonifácio, Solange
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Silva, Douglas Verrangia Corrêa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7699024298055259
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6520433300866884
This study is dedicated to understanding the development of school educational processes guided by the inter-relationship between education of ethnic-racial relationships and activities of reading and writing texts production, during proposals made in the course of an intervention carried out by the teacher-researcher. Teaching strategies, planned for intervention, were guided by the Ministry of Education Report 003/2004 and teaching and learning objectives related to reading and writing literacy in children, so it was developed with students from seven and eight years – 2nd year (1st series) – from a public school in the State of São Paulo. It is characterized as a qualitative research methodology inspired by phenomenology, which contributed to understanding the phenomenon of the interface of education of ethnic-racial relations and language development. It is based, theoretically, in the discussion on the approach of the ethnic racial relations of Silva (2009), problematizing the work of textual production from Possenti (2001; 2002; 2013), Tfouni (1988, 2011) and Assolini (2006), seeking to understand the representations (das Smolka, 2012) and the process of construction of the black identity (MUNANGA, 2003; Gomes, 2003) of children in the process of development of reading and writing in school. The data were recorded on video and field note registers, which after transcription and systematic analysis revealed the dimensions from three perspectives: teaching activities; children’s development; and collective interactions. The contribution of this research concerns the possibility of extending the possibilities to understand the contributions of education of ethnic-racial relationships to the acquisition of the written language in the context of school. It was possible to identify that, in the environment studied, the development of students identity was closely related to the development of important skills of reading and writing in positive and constructive interconnections.
Mobilidade cicloviária em viagens a campi universitários - estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-29)
Grau, Roberta Iza
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Ferreira, Marcos Antonio Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643134259454260
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2259622376755629
Nowadays, universitary campi are suffering from negative reflexes brought by the high motor vehicles’s rate. This rate have been troubling users’ daily commutings and could be lessened if active modes of transportation, walking and cycling, were adopted. The aim of this research was the comprehension of behaviour change capacity of an academic comunity to adopt the bicycle as a mode of transportation for commuting to São Carlos’ Federal University, São Carlos, Brasil. In this work, a survey was conducted, via internet and one-on-one interviewing, with 473 participants. The survey was adapted from Smith et al. (2004) and based on Prochaska and DiClemente (1982, 1983) Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change, MTMC. The participants were professors, technical-administrative employees, graduate and post-graduate students. The sample’s profile was of a graduate and post-graduate student, aging 18 to 35 years-old, residing up to 5 km away from the campus and using motor vehicles to commute. MTMC’s results showed the bicycle’s major motivator and barrier to be the schedule freedom and the lack of cycling infrastructure, respectively.
Escrita no espaço digital : criação e atribuição de autoria em fanfictions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Camargo, Ana Rosa Leme
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Abreu, Ana Silvia Couto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7461517670259813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1029796009260218
Notre principal objectif est de comprendre les productions de fanfictions qui circulent sur la toile. Nous prétendons, en particulier, comprendre les motifs qui viennent s'établir sur le statut d'auteur, ayant en vue la manière d'écriture utilisée par les ficwriters et les processus de légitimation auxquels ils sont soumis. Nous avons pris comme corpus les sites Fanfiction.net et Nyah Fanfiction, ayant comme base théorico-métodologique l'Analyse du Discours français. Comme résultats, nous avons mis en évidence, d‟ábord, que le ficwriter peu ou non être considéré un auteur, cela dépendant de sa communauté de lecteurs, espace impair de légitimation ; en suite, nous avons fait ressortir le paradoxe du processus d'écriture marqué par des reformulations, des remix, mais fortement régulé dans l'écriture en ce qui concerne l'ordre de la technique, de l'outil, de la norme linguistique.
Análise da formação do profissional de administração a partir de dissertações e teses produzidas em Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Gomes, Daniel Fernando Matheus
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Lima, Emília Freitas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6702379479365556
The research deals with the formation of the Management professional, through the analysis of thesis and dissertations produced in graduate programs in Education. Is constituted as bibliographic research, having been developed in three stages: collection of bibliographic material; analysis of selected studies; integrating synthesis of the results. Defend that the role of Business Administration courses is to provide a critical view of reality, which means, in this case, does not offer a limited training to the demands of the labor market. To that end, structured work around the following research question: "what studies of the course of Directors produced under the Graduate Program in Education between the years 2004-2013 show on vocational training at the undergraduate level administrator?" Such a question has served as reference for the preparation of the overall objective: to analyze dissertations and thesis produced in Education on administrator training in order to provide information to think again that training in the Brazilian higher education. The overall objective was deployed in the following specific: raise Administration course trajectory in Brazil; analyze dissertations and theses on the design of them contemplated curriculum; analyze dissertations and theses about the Administration 's views on them defended and criticized ; analyze dissertations and theses about the labor market of ideas and the world of work present in them . The research corpus was composed of twenty- five papers coming from the graduate in Education in Brazil from 2004 to 2013. The programs theoretical framework is guided primarily in the Gimeno Sacristán's ideas on the process view of the curriculum; the critical analysis of management concepts found throughout its history; and the concepts of training for the labor market and the world of work. The main results presented in dissertations and theses analyzed in this research indicate that regarding the curriculum, the meeting addressed partial aspects, considering the design of Gimeno Sacristán, and the majority had as focus of analysis the curricular text, represented by the Project pedagogical Course , and few have analyzed the curriculum lived, or at work; on the design of Directors present in the works, almost all of them found lined courses in the capital 's perspective, involving a type of training geared to the labor market, although the authors of dissertations and thesis have advocated other that considers the interests of whole of society and be guided by the critical insertion of graduates into the labor market, consistent with the view taken in this research.
Obtenção de nanocristais de celulose a partir do resíduo da produção de etanol do bagaço de cana-deaçúcar pela rota enzimática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Camargo, Lais Angelice de
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6529712290982189
This study addressed the use of solid residues from the process of cellulosic ethanol production using the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse for the production of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Bagasse submitted to two types of pretreatments (steam explosion - SESB and hydrothermal - HSB) was hydrolyzed with two different enzymatic loads using a commercial enzymatic extract. The solid residues generated after the hydrolysis were purified with NaOH 5% (w/w) at 55 °C and H2O2 35% (v/v) followed by an acid hydrolysis at 45 °C with H2SO4 60% (w/w) and extraction of 30 min in order to obtain the CNCs. The samples of SESB and HSB presented cellulose contents of 61 and 54%, respectively. The conversion in the enzymatic hydrolysis step ranged from 25 to 55% for SESB and 33 to 59% for HSB, along with the increase of enzymatic loading. And besides the release of glucose into the liquid phase, it was also generated solid residues with significant quantity of cellulose to be used for CNCs production. Due to decreasing of the cellulose crystallinity indexes (CI%) of the residual solid, a purification procedure was necessary, which raised the CI by about 30% for SESB residues and approximately 25% for HSB residues. The resulting CNCs presented proper physical and chemical characteristics, such as degradation temperature exceeding 230°C and crystallinity around 79% for both matrices. The CNCs obtained feature of needle with length between 193 and 246 nm and diameter of between 17 and 30 nm. These results indicate that CNCs produced from the residual streams of enzymatic route of cellulosic ethanol production from the sugarcane bagasse have the characteristics suitable for this type of product. Therefore, the use of these solids residues for new materials production, such as NCCs for use in different applications proved to be potentially promising for adding value to the bioenergy sector.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos eletroanalíticos para a determinação simultânea de analgésicos em formulações farmacêuticas e fluidos biológicos empregando o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Santos, Anderson Martin dos
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Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0116064177497070
In this master dissertation, electroanalytical procedures for the simultaneous determination of analgesics paracetamol (PAR) and codeine (COD) and, PAR and tramadol (TRA) in pharmaceutical samples and biological fluids using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) were developed. In the first procedure, the square-wave voltammetry (SWV) was employed for the simultaneous determination of PAR and COD, using as supporting electrolyte 0.2 mol L−1 acetate buffer (pH 4.0), and the analytical curves were linear in the concentration range from 0.2 to 95.8 μmol L−1 for PAR and from 0.2 to 95.8 μmol L−1 for COD, with detection limits (LODs) of 0.018 μmol L−1 and 0.014 μmol L−1, respectively. The second procedure developed for the simultaneous determination of PAR and COD was based on a flow injection analysis with multiple pulses amperometric detection (FIA-MPA), using as transport solution a 0.05 mol L−1 H2SO4 solution. The potential pulse application sequence in function of time was 950 mV / 200 ms (potential where only the PAR oxidation occurs) and 1400 mV / 100 ms (potential where both analytes suffers oxidation (PAR and COD)). The obtained analytical curves show linearity from 0.08 to 100.0 μmol L−1 for PAR and 0.05 to 10.0 μmol L−1 for COD, with LODs of 0.030 e 0.035 μmol L−1 for PAR and COD, respectively. The analytical frequency was estimated as being 90 determinations h−1. After, an electroanalytical procedure using FIA–MPA it was developed a simultaneous determination of PAR and TRA. The potential pulse application sequence in function of time was 850 mV / 200 ms (potential where only occurs the PAR oxidation) and 1600 mV / 100 ms (potential where both analytes suffers oxidation). The obtained analytical curves show linearities between 1.0 to 100.0 μmol L−1 and 0.08 to 10.0 μmol L−1 for PAR and TRA, respectively, and the LOD was 0.030 μmol L−1 for PAR and 0.040 μmol L−1 for TRA. Finally, all developed procedures were employed for the simultaneous determination of these compounds (PAR + COD e PAR + TRA) in pharmaceutical samples, where the obtained results agree with those results obtained using a comparative method (HPLC – High-performance liquid chromatography). These compounds were simultaneously analyzed in synthetic biological fluids (urine and human serum) by addiction and recuperation method, where the recuperations obtained ranged from 90.8 to 108%.
Influência da manipulação de fatores extrínsecos no controle da postura sentada em crianças com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-30)
Costa, Carolina Souza Neves da
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Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1279365864279654
The general objective is to investigate the manipulation of extrinsic factors on sitting postural control in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). For better understanding we divided this thesis in 4 studies. Study 1 aims to systematically review studies evaluating sitting postural control in children with CP. We intend to describe the characteristics of sitting postural control, the methodological procedures used for analysis, and factors that influence it, and the main results of intervention protocols for sitting postural control in children with CP. In context of extrinsic factors studied, little is known about how children with CP use and integrate sensory information into motor activity in order to maintain postural orientation and stability. This gap in the literature guides the study 2. For that, in the Study 2, we investigate and compare sitting postural control under challenging visual and somatosensory inputs between typical children and children with CP with a Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-IV. For that, 35 typical children and 36 children with spastic CP with GMFCS levels I (10), II (8), III (10) e IV (8) were recruited. Eletrocmyoghapy electrodes were placed billaterally properly on thoracal extensors, lumbar extensors and rectus abdominais. The children were asked to sit without back and foot support on a force plate (100Hz) placed on a bench. Participants’ hands are on their laps, and they fixated on a target located 1-m in front of them at eye level. To challenge somatosensory inputs, children sat on 30Kg/m3 (50x50cm) foam that was placed atop the force plate. Four randomized quiet sitting conditions namely eyes opened (EA), eyes closed (EF), foam surface and eyes opened (IA) and foam surface and eyes closed (IF). Each condition was maintained for 20 seconds for three times. There was a rest period of 30-50 seconds between each trial. The measures from force plate chosen were range displacement or amplitude for anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, AP and ML velocity and area of Center of Pressure (CoP). EMG variables were muscles activitiy (root-mean square - RMS) and muscle symmetry. When exposed to changes on somatosensory information added to eyes closed, children with CP GMFCS level III and IV present increased extensor muscles activity and musces asymmetry, reflecting their inability to reweight sensory information and increased dependence on somatosensory information for maintaining sitting balance when compared to typical children. In the Study 3, we investigate the immediate effects of wearing the suit on sitting posture in different sensory conditions in children with CP, comparing to typical children. For that, we used the same experimental protocol from study 2 and each condition was done with and without wearing an orthotic suit Pediasuit with bungee set up, individualized for each child. Nonlinear measures of CoP variability were added and analyzed by AP and ML approximate entropy (ApEn) and AP and ML Correlation Dimensional (CoD). Suit affects the control of sitting posture in children with CP with different GMFCS levels, decreasing amount of variability, but improves complexity and dimensionaty of degrees-of-freedom, especially in conditions demanding sensory adaptability. The objective of Study 4 was to compare the effect of biomechanical constraints (trunk support) on neural control of head stability during development of trunk control. We used an adjustable external support to isolate and differentiate the effects of biomechanical constraint on specific regions of the trunk. The posterior support was raised or lowered to allow evaluation of four different trunk segments: axillae support, mid-thoracic, waist support and hip support. Data from a previous cross-sectional study and longitudinal study of Saavedra et al. (2015) were used. However, we apply nonlinear measures (complexity –ApEN; dimesionality or CoD; predictability –LyE) specifically to head stability. The effect of external support varies depending on the child’s level of control and diagnostic status. Children with GMFCS V and young TD infants had better outcomes with external support, but external support was not enough to completely correct for influence of CP. Surprisingly, GMFCS IV responded with better outcomes below the level where trunk control was lost, suggesting that they used different compensatory strategies.
Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos de calibração e resolução multivariada de curvas em espectroscopia Raman para Análise qualitativa e quantitativa de polimorfismo em carbamazepina, clopidogrel e ezetimiba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Farias, Marco Antonio dos Santos
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2589951282251863
In this work were used chemometric tools like PLS, iPLS to perform multivariate calibration of ternary and binary mixtures of polymorphs of carbamazepine, ezetimibe and Clopidogrel. Initially were synthesized two polymorphs of carbamazepine and two polymorphs of clopidogrel from its respective commercial polymorphs, totaling three polymorphs for each of these drugs. For carbamazepine were synthesized the dihydrate polymorphs (CBZ DH) and polymorph I (CBZ I) from the Polymorph III (CBZ III), which were characterized by DSC and XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Inittialy an iPLS model was built with the polymorphs. The samples were prepared according to a ternary mixture, totaling 10 samples for a set of calibration and a further 5 to a set of validation. At each sample was collected 10 Raman spectra at different points, subsequently an arithmetic average of the 10 spectra was calculated, resulting in an average spectrum with which is built the model calibration and validation presenting prediction error: (CBZ I) 6 2 mg; (CBZ III) 6.8 mg; (CBZ DH) 11.6 mg. In a second step the same procedure was conducted, but samples (300 mg) were in the presence of its excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide). The samples were prepared by adding (250 mg), carbamazepine (50 mg), prediction errors were: (CBZ I) 4.8 mg; (CBZ III) 3.0 mg; (CBZ DH) 0.7 mg. For bisulfate Clopidogrel were synthesized polymorphs II (CBS II) and amorphous (amorphous CBS) from polymorph I (CBS I, commercial), the iPLS calibration model was constructed as done for carbamazepine, however were used mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy and the samples were not prepared in the presence of its excipients. Prediction errors for the model with Raman spectroscopy was: (CBS I) 3.2 mg; (CBS II) 5.0 mg; (Amorphous CBS) 6.1 mg and mid-infrared spectroscopy was: (CBS I) 4.8 mg; (CBS II) 7.4 mg; (Amorphous CBS) 6.9 mg. For ezetimibe was synthesized the hydrate (EZT-H) from the commercial polymorph (EZT-An) and held a binary mixture of the two polymorphs, with the concentration of each polymorphs ranging 10% by weight in each sample, since in the presence of its excipients. Each sample weight 100 mg, with 10 mg of ezetimibe and 90 mg of excipients (croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, povidone and sodium lauryl sulphate), the same method was applied for the preparation of the samples validation set. The calibration model was built by iPLS with the following prediction errors: (EZT-An) 0.7 mg; (EZT-H) 0.6 mg. A new sample was prepared only with EZT-An and the excipients which was vacuum packed in a polyethylene container, carried out a monitoring for 24 hours where it was seen that in this period the hydration of Ezetmiba was already 72% due to the moisture of the excipients.
Avaliação da atividade fotocatalítica do óxido de cobre imobilizado em suporte magnético nanoestruturado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Santos, Lílian Cruz
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Paris, Elaine Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8780294623715549
Contamination by dyes is one of the main problems related to water and environment pollution. In recent years, the search for new alternatives for the appropriate treatment of organic wastewater compounds has intensified. This study aims to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles II (CuO), as well as obtaining nanostructured magnetic and porous media for the immobilization thereof. The CuO is a p-type semiconductor that acts as a sink photogenerated electrons. In this work, the CuO has been obtained by coprecipitation,hydro and solvothermal methods, with particles sizes of approximately 15 nm, 1 μm and 1 μm respectively. The materials' photocatalytic activity have been evaluated under excitation in the visible and ultraviolet regions. In all the cases, CuO proved to be efficient for the Rhodamine B color removal in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under visible light for 1 hour; reaching over 90% of color removal effectiveness. The main factor that makes impracticable the use of photocatalysts for water treatment on a large scale is the difficulty on recovering the active material. Thus, in this study, a magnetic scaffold composed of magnetite:hydroxyapatite has been developed. Magnetite provided magnetic activity to the medium, while the hydroxyapatite was used to provide sufficient porosity to the material in order to immobilize the CuO nanoparticles. In addition, the magnetite was protected of the oxidation process and consequent magnetic activity loss. The magnetite and hydroxyapatite have been obtained by chemical coprecipitation, presenting average particles sizes of 50 and 15 nm, respectively. The magnetite:hydroxyapatite magnetic scaffold presented the desired homogeneous chemical composition, indicating a successful synthesis. The magnetic photocatalyst has been obtained by CuO impregnation on the magnetic scaffold using an ultrasonic probe-type. The photocatalyst immobilized on magnetic scaffold proved to be efficient on the color removal of Rhodamine B dye, reaching the same efficacy than pure CuO. The immobilized photocatalyst remained efficient on color removal when re-used.
Perfil da Produção Brasileira sobre História da Química em Periódicos e Congressos: subsídios para a formação docente e sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Castro, Flávia Pierrotti de
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Marques, Rosebelly Nunes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143571675274459
The History and Philosophy of Science (HFS) is recognized by many authors as contextualization instrument of scientific knowledge in Science Education, as well as teacher training. The HFC can provide the teacher, subsidies to better understand the conceptual difficulties of students, enabling a better understanding of the role of science in the development of societies. The practice teacher based on the epistemological reflections creates a better educational performance, more approaching the images of science developed in the classroom with the true nature of science, making the act of teaching a constant research process. Considering this importance, this research has the main objective to define the profile of the Brazilian intellectual production on the History of Chemistry and Science through systematic review methodology (SR), to contribute to the initial and continuing teacher training. The SR consists of rigorous and systematic overview of all research related to the specific issue through the development of structured protocol with their descriptors, inclusion and exclusion criteria and the analysis of the recovered texts. For this research, we used twelve (12) descriptors in Google Scholar database, with the inclusion criteria, texts published between 1993-2013, in Portuguese (Brazil), to bring relevant discussions relating the concepts with HFS chemicals for the formation/maturation of the knowledge of teachers, so that they can improve their teaching practice, as well as texts that present didactic sequences that contextualize the chemical knowledge to the History of Chemistry and/or Science. From crossing the descriptors, it was generated a universe of 1599 texts with 92 selected for the selective reading. In analysis of the recovered texts, 63 publications are related to the epistemological discussions, with the largest production (68,3%) in the 2006-2013 period, in Química Nova and Química Nova na Escola (41,2%), most approach has the Chemical Elements content (17,46%) and historical period being further discussion the twentieth century (23,8%). For texts related to the methodological proposal, 29 publications were analyzed, with the largest production (75,9%) in the period 2011-2013, in the proceedings of conferences (62%) highlighted the XVI Encontro Nacional de Química (24,1%), the higher was the content of approach weight Laws (17.2%) and historical period being further discussion the eighteenth century (27,6%) correlating directly with the chemical content with a higher approach. The survey sought to outline the profile of the Brazilian intellectual production over the last twenty years, present in journals and conferences because studies recovered relating to HFS with chemical concepts can be extremely relevant to the formation/maturation of teachers, so that they they can improve their teaching practice and incorporate this knowledge in their teaching sequences.
Revestimento nanoestruturado de cera de carnaúba na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de tomates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Miranda, Marcela
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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Ferreira, Marcos David
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652079760634274
Tomato is one of the most popular and consumed vegetable. However it is highly perishable because of its high water content. Post-harvest technologies of fruits and vegetables try to increase the shelf life of fruits, to keep quality and to reduce quantitative and qualitative losses between harvest and consumption. One of these technologies is based on the use of coatings on fruits and vegetables, because they are effective in reducing water loss and maintaining the quality of fresh products. This study aimed to synthesize and compare conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion of carnauba wax, as well as to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of these coatings on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) during storage. Therefore, emulsions with different particle sizes were synthesized and characterized by particle size measurements (hydrodynamic diameter); zeta potential (colloidal stability); polydispersity index; scanning electron microscopy images; contact angle and stability in different environments. In sequence, the emulsions were applied on 'Débora' and 'Pizzadoro' cultivar tomatoes to evaluate the effect of these coatings on the physical and chemical quality and the internal atmosphere of the fruits. For that purpose, the following experiments were performed: (I) 'Débora' cv Tomatoes were coated with conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion at concentrations 9% and 18% and stored at 23 °C ± 1 (80% RH) for 16 days. Assessments of physical chemical and gases analyses (ethylene, CO2 and O2) were carried out. (II) 'Pizzadoro' cv Tomatoes were coated with conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion at concentrations of 9% and 18% and stored at 23 °C ± 1 (80% RH) for 13 days and the same quality analyses were carried out. (III) Sensory analysis in 'Deborah' cv tomatoes coated with conventional emulsion and carnauba wax nanoemulsion at concentrations 9% and 18% and stored at 23 ° C ± 1 (80% RH) for 10 days, were evaluated for the visual appearance, purchase intent and ordering by preference. Nanoemulsions showed smaller particle size and polydispersivity compared to conventional emulsion. In post-harvest tests, fruits coated with emulsions showed lower weight loss rate than control fruits. 'Pizzadoro' cv tomatoes coated with both emulsions appeared to be clearer and less red at the end of storage than the control sample. Nanoemulsion carnauba wax did not change the barrier property of the coating responsible for controlling water permeation, and presented performance similar to conventional emulsion. The nanoemulsion showed more acceptance, purchase intent and preference by tasters in the sensory test, probably due to the high brightness attained by this coating.