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Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos de calibração e resolução multivariada de curvas em espectroscopia Raman para Análise qualitativa e quantitativa de polimorfismo em carbamazepina, clopidogrel e ezetimiba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Farias, Marco Antonio dos Santos
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2589951282251863
In this work were used chemometric tools like PLS, iPLS to perform multivariate calibration of ternary and binary mixtures of polymorphs of carbamazepine, ezetimibe and Clopidogrel. Initially were synthesized two polymorphs of carbamazepine and two polymorphs of clopidogrel from its respective commercial polymorphs, totaling three polymorphs for each of these drugs. For carbamazepine were synthesized the dihydrate polymorphs (CBZ DH) and polymorph I (CBZ I) from the Polymorph III (CBZ III), which were characterized by DSC and XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. Inittialy an iPLS model was built with the polymorphs. The samples were prepared according to a ternary mixture, totaling 10 samples for a set of calibration and a further 5 to a set of validation. At each sample was collected 10 Raman spectra at different points, subsequently an arithmetic average of the 10 spectra was calculated, resulting in an average spectrum with which is built the model calibration and validation presenting prediction error: (CBZ I) 6 2 mg; (CBZ III) 6.8 mg; (CBZ DH) 11.6 mg. In a second step the same procedure was conducted, but samples (300 mg) were in the presence of its excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, magnesium stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide). The samples were prepared by adding (250 mg), carbamazepine (50 mg), prediction errors were: (CBZ I) 4.8 mg; (CBZ III) 3.0 mg; (CBZ DH) 0.7 mg. For bisulfate Clopidogrel were synthesized polymorphs II (CBS II) and amorphous (amorphous CBS) from polymorph I (CBS I, commercial), the iPLS calibration model was constructed as done for carbamazepine, however were used mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy and the samples were not prepared in the presence of its excipients. Prediction errors for the model with Raman spectroscopy was: (CBS I) 3.2 mg; (CBS II) 5.0 mg; (Amorphous CBS) 6.1 mg and mid-infrared spectroscopy was: (CBS I) 4.8 mg; (CBS II) 7.4 mg; (Amorphous CBS) 6.9 mg. For ezetimibe was synthesized the hydrate (EZT-H) from the commercial polymorph (EZT-An) and held a binary mixture of the two polymorphs, with the concentration of each polymorphs ranging 10% by weight in each sample, since in the presence of its excipients. Each sample weight 100 mg, with 10 mg of ezetimibe and 90 mg of excipients (croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, povidone and sodium lauryl sulphate), the same method was applied for the preparation of the samples validation set. The calibration model was built by iPLS with the following prediction errors: (EZT-An) 0.7 mg; (EZT-H) 0.6 mg. A new sample was prepared only with EZT-An and the excipients which was vacuum packed in a polyethylene container, carried out a monitoring for 24 hours where it was seen that in this period the hydration of Ezetmiba was already 72% due to the moisture of the excipients.
Avaliação da atividade fotocatalítica do óxido de cobre imobilizado em suporte magnético nanoestruturado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Santos, Lílian Cruz
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Paris, Elaine Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8780294623715549
Contamination by dyes is one of the main problems related to water and environment pollution. In recent years, the search for new alternatives for the appropriate treatment of organic wastewater compounds has intensified. This study aims to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of copper oxide nanoparticles II (CuO), as well as obtaining nanostructured magnetic and porous media for the immobilization thereof. The CuO is a p-type semiconductor that acts as a sink photogenerated electrons. In this work, the CuO has been obtained by coprecipitation,hydro and solvothermal methods, with particles sizes of approximately 15 nm, 1 μm and 1 μm respectively. The materials' photocatalytic activity have been evaluated under excitation in the visible and ultraviolet regions. In all the cases, CuO proved to be efficient for the Rhodamine B color removal in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under visible light for 1 hour; reaching over 90% of color removal effectiveness. The main factor that makes impracticable the use of photocatalysts for water treatment on a large scale is the difficulty on recovering the active material. Thus, in this study, a magnetic scaffold composed of magnetite:hydroxyapatite has been developed. Magnetite provided magnetic activity to the medium, while the hydroxyapatite was used to provide sufficient porosity to the material in order to immobilize the CuO nanoparticles. In addition, the magnetite was protected of the oxidation process and consequent magnetic activity loss. The magnetite and hydroxyapatite have been obtained by chemical coprecipitation, presenting average particles sizes of 50 and 15 nm, respectively. The magnetite:hydroxyapatite magnetic scaffold presented the desired homogeneous chemical composition, indicating a successful synthesis. The magnetic photocatalyst has been obtained by CuO impregnation on the magnetic scaffold using an ultrasonic probe-type. The photocatalyst immobilized on magnetic scaffold proved to be efficient on the color removal of Rhodamine B dye, reaching the same efficacy than pure CuO. The immobilized photocatalyst remained efficient on color removal when re-used.
Perfil da Produção Brasileira sobre História da Química em Periódicos e Congressos: subsídios para a formação docente e sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Castro, Flávia Pierrotti de
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Marques, Rosebelly Nunes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143571675274459
The History and Philosophy of Science (HFS) is recognized by many authors as contextualization instrument of scientific knowledge in Science Education, as well as teacher training. The HFC can provide the teacher, subsidies to better understand the conceptual difficulties of students, enabling a better understanding of the role of science in the development of societies. The practice teacher based on the epistemological reflections creates a better educational performance, more approaching the images of science developed in the classroom with the true nature of science, making the act of teaching a constant research process. Considering this importance, this research has the main objective to define the profile of the Brazilian intellectual production on the History of Chemistry and Science through systematic review methodology (SR), to contribute to the initial and continuing teacher training. The SR consists of rigorous and systematic overview of all research related to the specific issue through the development of structured protocol with their descriptors, inclusion and exclusion criteria and the analysis of the recovered texts. For this research, we used twelve (12) descriptors in Google Scholar database, with the inclusion criteria, texts published between 1993-2013, in Portuguese (Brazil), to bring relevant discussions relating the concepts with HFS chemicals for the formation/maturation of the knowledge of teachers, so that they can improve their teaching practice, as well as texts that present didactic sequences that contextualize the chemical knowledge to the History of Chemistry and/or Science. From crossing the descriptors, it was generated a universe of 1599 texts with 92 selected for the selective reading. In analysis of the recovered texts, 63 publications are related to the epistemological discussions, with the largest production (68,3%) in the 2006-2013 period, in Química Nova and Química Nova na Escola (41,2%), most approach has the Chemical Elements content (17,46%) and historical period being further discussion the twentieth century (23,8%). For texts related to the methodological proposal, 29 publications were analyzed, with the largest production (75,9%) in the period 2011-2013, in the proceedings of conferences (62%) highlighted the XVI Encontro Nacional de Química (24,1%), the higher was the content of approach weight Laws (17.2%) and historical period being further discussion the eighteenth century (27,6%) correlating directly with the chemical content with a higher approach. The survey sought to outline the profile of the Brazilian intellectual production over the last twenty years, present in journals and conferences because studies recovered relating to HFS with chemical concepts can be extremely relevant to the formation/maturation of teachers, so that they they can improve their teaching practice and incorporate this knowledge in their teaching sequences.
Revestimento nanoestruturado de cera de carnaúba na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de tomates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Miranda, Marcela
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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Ferreira, Marcos David
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652079760634274
Tomato is one of the most popular and consumed vegetable. However it is highly perishable because of its high water content. Post-harvest technologies of fruits and vegetables try to increase the shelf life of fruits, to keep quality and to reduce quantitative and qualitative losses between harvest and consumption. One of these technologies is based on the use of coatings on fruits and vegetables, because they are effective in reducing water loss and maintaining the quality of fresh products. This study aimed to synthesize and compare conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion of carnauba wax, as well as to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of these coatings on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) during storage. Therefore, emulsions with different particle sizes were synthesized and characterized by particle size measurements (hydrodynamic diameter); zeta potential (colloidal stability); polydispersity index; scanning electron microscopy images; contact angle and stability in different environments. In sequence, the emulsions were applied on 'Débora' and 'Pizzadoro' cultivar tomatoes to evaluate the effect of these coatings on the physical and chemical quality and the internal atmosphere of the fruits. For that purpose, the following experiments were performed: (I) 'Débora' cv Tomatoes were coated with conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion at concentrations 9% and 18% and stored at 23 °C ± 1 (80% RH) for 16 days. Assessments of physical chemical and gases analyses (ethylene, CO2 and O2) were carried out. (II) 'Pizzadoro' cv Tomatoes were coated with conventional emulsion and nanoemulsion at concentrations of 9% and 18% and stored at 23 °C ± 1 (80% RH) for 13 days and the same quality analyses were carried out. (III) Sensory analysis in 'Deborah' cv tomatoes coated with conventional emulsion and carnauba wax nanoemulsion at concentrations 9% and 18% and stored at 23 ° C ± 1 (80% RH) for 10 days, were evaluated for the visual appearance, purchase intent and ordering by preference. Nanoemulsions showed smaller particle size and polydispersivity compared to conventional emulsion. In post-harvest tests, fruits coated with emulsions showed lower weight loss rate than control fruits. 'Pizzadoro' cv tomatoes coated with both emulsions appeared to be clearer and less red at the end of storage than the control sample. Nanoemulsion carnauba wax did not change the barrier property of the coating responsible for controlling water permeation, and presented performance similar to conventional emulsion. The nanoemulsion showed more acceptance, purchase intent and preference by tasters in the sensory test, probably due to the high brightness attained by this coating.
Solidificação rápida e conformação por spray de ligas ferrosas amorfizáveis a partir de ferros fundidos com adição de boro e nióbio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-07-31)
Lucena, Felipe Amélio de
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Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0474221317198742
The amorphizable ferrous alloys and/or nanocrystalline ones have high hardness properties and wear resistance which are important technologically. Rapid solidification process with cooling rate between 102 - 106 K/s leads to high hardness properties and wear resistance. The objective of this work is the study and the characterization of microstructure and hardness of white cast iron and nodular gray by rapid solidification, exploring techniques that impose different cooling rates, with different additions of Boron and addition or not of Niobium. The alloys were processed by Discovery® Plasma and melt-spinning, namely: (Fe65Cr17Mo2C14Si2)100-xBx (Fe65Cr17Mo2C14Si2)88B8Nb4 and (Fe75Nb6C10Si4)100-xBx (at%). The characterization was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Vickers microhardness (HV). The (Fe65Cr17Mo2C14Si2)88B8Nb4 (at%) alloy was selected to spray forming and laser cladding processes obtaining deposit and overspray powders into different particle size from 20 μm and more than 180 μm. The alloys were copper mold cast resulting in plate samples with thickness of 1.0 and 2.0 mm. The cast iron plate microhardness, without Boron and Niobium, showed around 650 HV and about 1400 HV after the addition of 12 at% of Boron. The (Fe65Cr17Mo2C14Si2)88B8Nb4 (at%) alloy has nanocrystalline microstructure after spray forming in the deposit and overspray powders and Vickers microhardness value of about 1040 HV in the deposit. For these alloys it was required high cooling rates of about 106 K/s to obtain amorphous phase by melt-spinning process. The laser cladding process used overspray powders to produce coatings with microhardness up to around 1300 HV. It was possible using power 200 W, in slower scanning travel speeds (6.7 or 10.0 mm/s). The laser cladding process presented good perspectives of application in order to produce wear abrasion and corrosion resistant coatings.
Soldagem pontual por fricção (FSpW) de poliamida 6
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-03)
Gonçalves, Joel
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Amancio-Filho, Sergio de Traglia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609614295379921
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Canto, Leonardo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123
Friction Spot Welding (FSpW) is an innovative technique developed and patented in 2005 by the Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG) research center in Germany. FSpW uses the friction between a rotating tool and the workpieces to generate heat enough to cause diffusion across the interface to consolidate the weld. This new welding technology has been tested and optimized with the objective of produce overlap weld joints between two polyamide 6 plates. Full factorial design of experiments (24) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) allowed to explain the effects of weld parameters as rotational speed (RS), welding time (WT), plunge depth (PP), holding pressure time (HPT) and the interactions between these main parameters on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical strength of the joints. The rotational speed (RS) and welding time (WT), within the limits studied, had greater influence on the mechanical single lap shear strength of the joints that achieved up to 26 MPa. This behavior was related to the higher heat generation during the weld, reaching temperatures of up to 275°C, thereby increasing the welded area. The parameter holding pressure time (HPT), designed in this study allowed the cooling and solidification of the polymer under pressure, improving the weld surface finishing and avoiding defects as voids in the weld area. The most common failure for the joints with higher mechanical strength was the fracture of one of the plates while the joints with lower mechanical strength showed interface shear failure. The degree of crystallinity of PA6 in the welded area did not show a significant difference as compared to the base material. The molecular weight of PA6 in the welded area was reduced in the worst case 7% as compared to the base material (Mv = 41.800 g/mol), and that reduction occurred linearly with the increase of the temperature during the welding; however, that low degree of degradation was not found to affect the mechanical strength of the joints. These characteristics emphasize the potential of this FSpW as an alternative to the current welding methods for polyamide 6.
Problematizações a partir de situações emergentes do cotidiano : compreensões e possibilidades envolvendo relações quantitativas, medidas, formas e orientações espaço temporais em turmas de crianças de quatro anos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-04)
Cavalcante, Naila Fernanda Matielo
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8615204233233125
This work aims to analyze four-year-old children’s speech in problematizations that were proposed by a teacher based in emerging situations present in the daily life of early childhood education. Here, the speeches that indicate the mathematical notions are prioritized. The questions that guided this research are listed as follows: Firstly, what mathematical notions can be displayed by four-year old-children in emerging situations that are part of the daily life of early childhood education? How can these emerging situations experienced during early childhood education enhance teacher’s work in terms of planning problematizations for fouryear- old children? The methodology is based on a qualitative perspective, specifically on research that the teacher herself does as a researcher. The data analysis is based on an interpretive vison of the children's manifestations expressed in a game context. In the analysis, the children's dialogues are contemplated as the problematizations are performed, and they are transcribed from video records. The research shows that the speeches, sensations, and children's questions in their daily routine at Municipal Center of Childhood Education reveals that when mathematical notions are considered by the teacher when planning problematizations that have the composition of a game, they can provide the presentation and the construction of mathematical language. These speeches and questions brought by children are related to emerging everyday situations, and are understood as to trigger learning situations. This perspective considers playing as the child's main activity and recognizes it as an active and historical subject who is immersed in a world full of mathematical notions since its birth. The problematization’s starting point, emerged from everyday situations, has proven to be a methodology that allows children to solve problem situations and to give them a breeding ground for developing mathematical notions in childhood education, respecting the needs and reasons for their learning. The children's speeches are permeated of problematizations about quantitative relations, measurements, shapes, and temporal space guidelines. Thus, when problematizing emerging everyday situations, the teacher considers latent apprenticeships, giving movement to the curriculum.
Fã-ativismo na telenovela em família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-04)
Arab, Analú Bernasconi
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Massarolo, João Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308336910966465
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0904805718133708
If fan-activism actions have already been related to fan engagement in order to achieve a result in relation to their favorite media content, nowadays they are emerging from real-world concernings through consumption bias to be more active in terms of civil rights and political participation. In Clarina fandom it was possible to notice these two perspectives in a fusion, in which fans mobilized so that Clara and Marina´s romance was not discarded from the soap opera Em família by the channel network Rede Globo. Simultaneously, fans wanted the romance could be expressed throughout affection displaying and intimacy just as naturally and highlighted as a heterosexual couple on a soup opera. The fan activists of Clarina fandom appropriately demanded from Rede Globo their right to take part in their culture in a way that has never been seen before in Brazilian soap opera production. The achievement of the kiss and Clara and Marina´s marriage represented their victory against prejudice and the legitimation of their civil rights considering what they have called "Brazilian family". If the fan-activism of Clarina fandom was so expressive, it is because Brazilian soap operas still have significant cultural representativeness and its increasing power to approach polemic themes from daily social issues can transform soap operas into discussion areas about civil, religious, political and moral conflicts in the current convergence culture. However, in order to evaluate the performance of a contemporary soap opera, it is necessary to take into account not only its audience in the broadcast format, but also in the multiple media platforms and the power of engagement that it promotes.
Liberdade e restrição : jogos de computador e linguagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-04)
Krasnoschecoff, Andrêi
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Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6898767172538319
Electronic games currently move a lot of money in the entertainment industry, but are also used in other activities, such as educational and advertising, becoming a cultural item important to note. When researching more about it, it was perceived lack of language studies, especially studies that join linguistic theory with theories that deal with games. The aim of this study is to find a way to unite the two theories. We try to answer the following research questions: Which is the relationship between games and culture? In what sense games can be understood as texts? How games convey meanings? There is freedom within the game? Current research seeks to understand a process in which there is construction of meanings, so it fits in bakhtinian discussions on the production of humanities. It also deals with functioning forms of present both in games and in the language, moving towards a common origin. Both in games and in everyday life we see relations between restriction and freedom, relations that the individual is on the unpredictability of life. The main pillars of theoretical basis for the current research is in the area related to games, Huizinga texts (2008), and Frasca (2007) and Engenfeldt-Nielsen et al. (2009); as linguistic basis we use the concepts of Bakhtin (2003, 2009) of utterance, speech gender and ideological sign.
Efeitos de localização de portadores em poços quânticos de GaBiAs/GaAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-04)
Carvalho, Anne Rose Hermanson
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4131985623758279
In order to investigate optical and spin properties of GaBiAs / GaAs quantum wells, we performed both photoluminescence and magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements in three samples: 10 nm quantum wells with Bi concentrations of 1%, 2% and 3%. The photoluminescence study was conducted as a function of Bi concentration, temperature and excitation power. The results indicate that the effects associated with carrier localization by defects are expressive, especially for the 3% sample. The defects are incorporated into the solid due to growth conditions at low temperatures (315 °C), necessary to enable Bi incorporation into the GaAs matrix.They are also due to the different properties between the atoms, such as electronegativity and size. The magneto-luminescence results exibited high spin- splitting (8.4 meV to 15 T) and high excitonic g factor (9.6) for the 3% sample. It also showed a small diamagnetic shift (approximately 3 meV) for the three samples and moreover, it decreases with increasing Bi content. This suggests higher carrier localization by defects, confirming previous results. Overall, the results show that such materials are interesting and good candidates for spintronic applications.
Expansão por umidade de revestimentos cerâmicos : métodos de medida e variáveis envolvidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-05)
Nastri, Suelen
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Melchiades, Fábio Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4469106561041487
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Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
The expansion by humidity (EPU) is characterized by the increase in the size of the ceramic body when in contact with water in liquid or vapor. The phenomenon can contribute to the development of severe pathologies in ceramic coatings such as glaze and cracking of detachment after installation of facades. The EPU has been studied since the early twentieth century, and the studies led to the creation of today's existing commonalities. However, there are still many divergences about the measurement procedures both as regards the measurement of expansion, as the accelerated hydration method used to predict the expansion ceramic materials may suffer over time. In this sense, through this research project, intended to contribute to the improvement of moisture expansion of evaluation methods in ceramic tiles, as well as identifying the main variables responsible for the EPU in ceramic tiles currently produced in the country. To carry out the project, samples were collected from different commercial ceramics, preferably used for the coating of external facades. The EPUs these samples were characterized by different procedures in the laboratory, to planned changes in the methods of hydration of the samples as well as methods of quantifying the expansions undergone. Simultaneously, the selected products were characterized microstructurally to identify the factors that determine susceptibility to moisture expansion. Both hydration and the method for measuring the dimensional change affect EPU values obtained, the latter was more predominant. The study of the reburn temperatures showed that it is not necessary to use temperatures higher than 350 ° C. Hydration time of the study shows a continuous increase in moisture expansion values. Microstructural analysis helps in understanding the EPU phenomenon.
Efeitos das condições de queima e densidade aparente sobre a sobrequeima em porcelanatos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-05)
Contartesi, Flavia
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Melchiades, Fábio Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4469106561041487
;
Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
The phenomenon of overfiring manifests in porcelain tiles and other products with high degree of vitrification, as a consequence of the expansion of gases trapped in closed pores, in the final stages of sintering. When it is not properly controlled, it generates swelling of the pieces and then they present dimensional problems, damages in the mechanical properties and low stain resistance in polished products. Porcelain tiles are products with strict requirements, water absorption ≤0.5% for glazed and ≤0.1% for technical ones, moreover the ceramics industries, nowadays, use firing cycles increasingly faster, which allows significant productivity increases and costs reductions. Associate both avoiding the phenomenon of overfiring is not an easy task. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the green bulk density and the firing curve (heating rate and soaking time at the maximum temperature) on the characteristics of the final product and on the development of this phenomenon. To achieve the objectives, a factorial design of experiments (DOE) was used. The differences between the firing temperatures necessary to produce 0.5% of water absorption and to achieve the maximum bulk density were considered to determine the firing range before overfiring the porcelain tiles. The results indicate that the firing range is strongly influenced by the time the samples were kept at the maximum temperature of the firing cycle. At the same time, they also indicate the importance of the bulk density of the green bodies as a way to reduce the closed porosity of the fired bodies and consequently to prevent the production of overfired porcelain tiles.
Dinâmica da participação em órgãos colegiados : estudo de casos do IFSULDEMINAS-Campus Machado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-05)
Moraes, Elivan Afonso
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7963991850082904
This research whose the development was made through a case study it aims to analysis and subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness of collegiate bodies of IFSULDEMINAS-Campus Machado from the point of view of participation and participatory processes. Among the effectiveness existing concepts, it was adopted in this work which deals with the ability of institutions must produce results. This study model has been widely used in participatory institutions at the federal, state and municipal levels, in different public policy sectors, such as environment, health, social assistence, among others. He proposed the same discussion but adapted to collegiate bodies of an educational institution and it was possible to verify whether these channels actually meet the objectives for which they were created. These organisms are made in areas where debate various topics affecting the daily life of the academic community, so these are highly relevant participatory mechanisms. The followed study described by Vaz (2011), identifying the specific factors that influence and / or cause some extent the variation in results and consequently affect the ability of the organs to influence the actions and decision making. In this sense, three variables were used in the search: deliberative effectiveness, institutional design and exogenous factors. The results point to the existence of failures in all organs, to a greater or lesser extent. At the end some recommendations are shown to Campus Machado managers for correction purposes of the deficiencies.
Desenvolvimento curricular de Matemática nos anos iniciais na perspectiva do professor e do coordenador: um estudo do projeto EMAI de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-06)
Silva, Emerson de Souza
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Gama, Renata Prenstteter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153572041829838
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2320361418230249
The general objective of this research paper is to have an understanding of the process of curricular development in the Initial Years of Basic Education from the perspective of teachers and teacher coordinator. This general objective breaks itself up into two specific ones: 1. to describe the perceptions of teachers about the project “Mathematical Education in the Initial Years (EMAI)”; 2. to point out the main aspects involved in curricular development for these teachers and teacher coordinator of the Initial Years within the scope of teacher formation. To this aim a qualitative research was done, of the interpretative type, in a State Public School in the city of Franca (SP) and three instruments were employed for data compiling: open and closed question type questionnaires for teachers; interview with three pre-selected teachers and a teacher coordinator of the school besides videos furnished by the school and the Regional Educational Bureau of the São Paulo State Educational Secretary. Results indicate that teachers realize positive aspects of the EMAI Project, such as well-built learning sequences containing diversified activities, teaching work guidance, enhancement of student thought and creativity, and spiral teaching and learning. On the other hand they point out some limitations of pedagogical practice in relation to the need for concept systematizing, insufficient time for activities, and the need for more problem-solving situations within the learning sequences. In relation to the curricular development in the school we were able to demonstrate that the formation done with the teachers has been directed to the implementation of the prescribed and presented curriculum, although we have gathered indications, voiced by teachers and the coordinator, of the need to enhance the formation under the perspective of collaborative teams that could give greater autonomy to the teacher providing him with a differentiated look, mainly on the real curriculum, as observed in classroom practice, in search for a comprehension of mathematical contents and forms of teaching and learning.
Inventário do ciclo de vida do processo de reciclagem de plásticos de resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (REEE): um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-06)
Campolina, Juliana Mendes
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Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7679902764676251
The consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) has rapidly increased due to the increasing technological advances and the desire of society of using these products. Therefore, the generation of wastes electrical and electronic equipment l (WEEE) is increasing consistently. WEEE contain components that are harmful to human health and the environment because they have in their composition various dangerous substances, such as heavy metals and flame retardants. In order to manage such wastes, the Brazilian law number 12,305 / 2010 known as the National Policy on Solid Waste (NPSW), entered into force in August 2014. The law provides guidelines for the integrated and solid waste management through the allocation and appropriate treatment by reverse logistics following a hierarchy consisting of non-generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and final disposal in landfills. Considering this context, this research uses an environmental management tool known as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that identifies, quantifies and assesses the environmental aspects associated with products, processes and services throughout their lifecycle. The life cycle begins when resources are required (raw materials, energy and water) for a particular product manufacturing and ends after the end of its life returning to the environment. Some benefits that LCA provides are the environmental impact assessment and identification of critical points associated with a particular product and or process, or in comparing two or more products and or similar processes guiding decision-making. It is also effective in the selection of relevant environmental indicators for products and or processes, quantification of environmental emissions for each stage of the life cycle of a product and or process and evaluation of human and ecological effects of consuming materials. The set of data and calculation procedures that define the inputs and outputs of a system aiming to quantify energy consumption, raw material and other physical inputs and outputs consist of products, air emissions, water waste, solid waste and other environmental aspects is known as Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). This study aimed to the preparation of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of WEEE plastic recycling process at a company in the region of Sorocaba/SP focusing on waste related to Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The results observed provided to identify and quantify environmental aspects generated in WEEE recycling steps and can thus, in the future, continue the study through the stages of Evaluation and Interpretation of results for obtention of every category of environmental impact and their respective contribution. The results obtained allowed the comparison of the production process of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), both recycled with the same of virgin raw material source, which was founded that the studied system saves about 90% of energy for recycling HIPS and ABS and provided a 84% reduction in CO2 emissions into the atmosphere for the recycling of HIPS and 87% of CO2 into the recycling of ABS. The study showed that the WEEE plastic recycling process provided benefits for the environment and human health by reducing the consumption of natural resources and energy, and contributed to the guidelines proposed in NPSW, which settles a requirement of reverse logistics for WEEE. The research also contributed to the expansion of the LCA database in Brazil and the world can be used in future work of the same nature.
Um mundo em vários movimentos : uma etnografia sobre futebolistas de base
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-07)
Palmiéri, Júlio César Jatobá
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6711269335520497
The theme of this thesis is the youth football. Its practitioners, the youth footballers, are possessed of varying talents, factors that distinguish them in a marketing scale that streamlines the exchange in the football universe. Looking for professional football, they start from the football gift recognized and nurtured by those 8 who surround them, adding many other values, in a practical and symbolic order, which depend on the relationships established within the institutional framework of this sport and that has to do with other players, coaches, directors, supporters, family members, agents and specialized media, but also with all the environment where they live those experiences. We can glimpse, thus, the dynamics of a "sports ecology" approached from a multi-sited perspective where I present part of some meshwork relations that produces surfaces in formation and constant movement and instability, whose relations among the actors are mobilized around what is defined by producing sports talents, commonly stabilized by some categorizations taken here by issues such as projects, professional career and sportive trajectory. The scenario considered is the youth football in Brazil and part of South America (Uruguay and Argentina), between clubs and national teams (under 15 and under 17), seeking to understand how the world of youth footballers is created and reproduced in and out of the pitch.
Educação de surdos em Mato Grosso do Sul : desafios da educação bilíngue e inclusiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-07)
Quiles, Raquel Elizabeth Saes
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5087255329045797
Deaf education, the object of this research, stands today as a field of study that leads to the reflection of school spaces, especially regarding to its form of organization and pedagogical practices in action. Under the scope of Special Education policies, the proposition of the Ministry of Education for deaf education fits into the paradigm of inclusive education, which comprises the common mainstream education as a privileged locus of insertion. On the other hand, which does not necessarily mean the other way, the education of deaf should be discussed in a bilingual proposition, considering the linguistic singularities of deaf people. In the tensions, limits and possibilities between these two educational proposals (inclusive education and bilingual education) lies this work, which aimed to highlight the proposal for deaf education in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul in order to identify its lineation in a polo school for deaf people focusing on bilingual education in the context of inclusive education. The particularity of this research is the experiences of a school reality that addresses itself as bilingual. To achieve the perceptions about this school, as methodological procedures, the analysis of national and state documents comprising the Special Education policy and speeches, through interviews managers, teachers, educational interpreters, students and deaf instructor were used. The data were interpreted, considering the historical-cultural approach, from two main categories: language and enunciation, understood through studies of Vygotsky and Bakhtin. To do so, they were organized through sub-themes that permeate discussions of inclusive education (organization of the Special Education services, socialization and schooling) and bilingual education (bilingual condition of deaf students, school practices of the common classroom and training of the professionals of education). The school searched was not fully inclusive, with many problems in this direction, and neither bilingual at all, since the sign language does not occupy central place in school activities. Fundamentally, it was identified the absence of a collective project involving professionals in the school assistance for deaf students – each professional does what s/he can and how s/he can. In conclusion, the debate on educational proposals that are meaningful for the deaf leads to a (dis)structuring of school spaces toward a proposition that contemplates primarily the sign language. The intersection between inclusive education and bilingual education enables a rethinking of the school aiming its transformation. If the school is bilingual, centralizing sign language in all routes and processes, deaf students are more likely to participate and learn approaching them, in fact, to the assumptions of inclusive education.
Foucault, o ethos e o pathos de um pensamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-07)
Gimbo, Fernando Sepe
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Fonseca, Thelma Silveira da Mota Lessa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2955946094601264
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6905120167516416
This dissertation develops a detailed study of the idea of critique in Foucault’s works. To this end, three key points are widely developed : ( 1) the problem of a " history of truth " ; ( 2 ) understand the importance and uniqueness of Foucault’s use of history in philosophical reflection as a way to critique the theme of origin; ( 3 ) define the reading and the use of Foucault 's modern idea of critique. Thus , we draw an interpretation of Foucault's thought that foregrounds his project of a "critical history of thought .
Análise de tensões residuais de juntas soldadas em engrenagens de moenda de cana em aço baixa liga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-07)
Vendramim, Luis Felipe
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Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0259010799806350
Residual stresses are those which remain in the part when all the external mechanical stress applied previously are removed. These residual stresses often appear in parts subjected to different thermal or mechanical processing along its thickness, among then may be cited the welding process. The objective of this work is the analysis of residual stresses generated by the recovery process for shielded metal arc welding” (SMAW) of sugarcane milling gear in Low Alloy Mild Steel ASTM C-148 for the identification of conditions with lower levels of residual stresses, aiming materials less susceptible to failure and longer service life. A comparative assessment of the levels of residual stresses in the aforementioned samples was performed by opting for performance or nonperformance of pre-heating and heat treatment of stress relieving after the completion of the welds in the field. It will be characterized by metallography and hardness profile. In order to determine the way the macro and microscopic residual stresses non-destructive, it was decided in this work by the diffraction of X-ray method. The characterization was carried out by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Vickers microhardness. The microstructure present in the base metal was characterized as microconstituent bainite, when there is a stress relieving treatment. When there isn`t such treatment, the microstructure is ferrite / pearlite. Although in the weld metal, due to the electrode composition, the microstructure is acicular ferrite. The Vickers microhardness analysis for the sample without pre-heating gave higher microhardness values along line profile (range of 250 – 325 HV) than the other conditions (range of 150 – 275 HV). Regarding the residual stresses, it can be concluded that the pre-heating and the combination of it with a subsequent heat treatment reduces the levels of both longitudinal and transverse residual stress along the weld bead.
Proposta de um minicurso de Astronomia para alunos do Ensino Fundamental II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-07)
Pesquero, Lucas Canevarolo
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Rojas, Gustavo de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8950200416337192
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064195156214520
In this dissertation, an astronomy workshop is proposed which can be used as preparation for Brazilian Olympics of Astronomy, but whose main goal is to become one more tool for studies in such discipline. Even those who did not attend a specific discipline of astronomy throughout his academic life are able to apply this workshop, because, to each class of the sequence, texts and videos with supplementary information was given, making it accessible to all interested teachers. To justify the need for this teaching sequence, this dissertation starts with a national overview of astronomy education and their main weaknesses, then describes the Brazilian Olympics of Astronomy and its achievements, reports previous workshop experiences to, only at the end, propose a possible activities script.