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O funcionamento do GPS e a matemática do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-21) Moraes, Marcelo Cardozo de; Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050;
The main objective of this work is to make students understand the mathematical foundations for the operation of Global Positioning System (GPS). The research was done in a school in the state of São Paulo with students of the second year of high school and the analysis was done in a qualitative as well as quantitative manner. Two sheets of directed activities, were used so students were induced to understand what happens at the intersection of spherical surfaces and this was carried out in three stages. During the first activity, students reviewed the circles of intersection of ideas, both geometrically and algebraically. In the second activity, these ideas were enlarged to spheres. The operation of the GPS was exposed in the activity three using PowerPoint slides, so goal that students learned a little about the history of the GPS creation and its operation, and the central theorem of this work: "If four spherical surfaces intersect and their centers are not coplanar, then this intersection is a single point." The Didactic Engineering was the methodology used for the survey. The result indicates that although many students present difficulties during the activities, everyone understood the mathematical principles behind the GPS operation.
Relações genéticas em espécies de camarões peneídeos (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) de ocorrência no litoral brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-21) Marques, Carla Guinart; Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5647631868534064; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5052695259738538
Penaeidae family occurs in all oceans, particularly in tropical regions and represents an important global fishing resource. In Brazil, penaeid species have been shown decline, of their populations, which are considered overexploited. Therefore, a greater knowledge about these species is required for the developing of appropriate conservation actions. However, genetic studies of penaeids, including phylogeography, geographic distribution and phylogeny, are still scarce. In the present work, genetic structure and genetic relationships were characterized for different marine shrimp species belonging to the Penaeidae family, with special emphasis on those of occurrence in the Brazilian coast (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Farfantepenaeus paulensis, Farfantepenaeus subtilis and Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis). Mitochondrial and nuclear markers were used in order to clarify aspects related to the geographic distribution and genetic relationships among the studied penaeid species and the implications for conservationist approaches. Specific oligonucleotides were designed to amplify four mtDNA regions (COI, 16S, Cytb and DLoop). The results showed efficient patterns for 16 native species of Brazilian and Mozambican coasts. Numts presence and its implication for penaeid genetics were investigated using specific and universal primers for COI gene. Pseudogenes were detected for some penaeid species. Cytb pseudogene for the Penaeidae family was reported by the first time. DNA barcoding approach was tested in several species from Brazilian coast. The barcoding analysis evidenced a high range of intraspecific distance, suggesting the necessity of taxonomic review into Penaeidae. The existence of species complex was investigated for both X. kroyeri and F. subtilis. Phylogeographical signs and population structure were no observed for F. subtilis along the Brazilian coast. F. paulensis populations, collected in Lagoa dos Patos (RS) and Cananéia (SP), showed genetic structuring by analyzing of COI gene. That data can be reflecting the existence of differentiated-genetically adult stocks or ancient structure. Two recent population expansions, one of them before and the other one after the last period of the maximum glacial, were observed for F. paulensis. mtDNA and RAD-seq data were using to study the species X. kroyeri populations. The mtDNA analysis suggested that the upwelling from Cabo Frio (RJ) consists in a semipermeable barrier to X. kroyeri species, limiting the genetic flow between populations from North and South of Cabo Frio for. The analysis of approximately three thousand SNPs revealed three different genetic stocks, possibly related to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the sampled geographic regions, which may be holding different larvae pools. The study herein brings important information about genetic relationships and population structure for Penaeidae species, mainly those species occurring in Brazil. Such data can be help to foment future actions aiming the conservation of penaeid species, which present ecological and socioeconomic relevance.
Corpo e resistência : reflexões sobre tecnologias de poder e experiências de fuga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-21) Mello, Thiago Henrique; Freitas, Denise de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3330976062026878; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2034661401598407
Política local de ciência e tecnologia para o desenvolvimento social : mapeamento das ações do Parque Tecnológico e da Prefeitura Municipal na cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-21) Araújo, Juliana Sauer de; Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9603130412933758
This work has as its theme the Politics of Science and Technology focusing on the city of São Carlos in the State of São Paulo. From a theoretical development of Science and Technology Policy in general in Brazil and locally analyze the case of San Carlos taking as its starting point the perspective of the Science and Technology for Social Development. Highlighting various information of socioeconomic and scientific-technical policy of the municipality, two objects of research, the Technology Park of San Carlos (ParqTec) and the Municipal Sustainable Development, Science and Technology, representing the Municipality, were studied in search up which elements contribute or not to social development. From this study we show that San Carlos is the technological center model because of the multiplicity of actions and institutions with innovative potential, but needs to consolidate to fulfill this role as a development model locally, and a C & T for social development.
Criando mensagens secretas na escola básica utilizando a criptografia – RSA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-21) Castro Junior, Waldir Claudio de; Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0175966970077868
Cryptography is a fascinating topic, concerning the practical point of view, and it is useful to access bank accounts, e-mails and social networks. According to this perspective, this study aimed to show how simple it may be to make use of cryptography. It was proved, through the work performed, that it is possible for students from elementary and high school to encrypt and decrypt messages using R.S.A. Cryptography, which involves the concept of creating public keys and private keys for the encryption of messages. A simple but powerful activity on the utility view was assigned to show students from the 9th grade of elementary school and from the 1st and 2nd years of high school from a private school in São Paulo State how interesting and pleasurable the use of Mathematics can be. Such activities are not usually present in the traditional didactic materials. The theoretical tools, containing theorem and corollaries, as well as their demonstrations, which mathematically justify the validity of techniques and the algorithm used on R.S.A. Cryptography will be presented. The activities do not assume sophisticated prerequisites and can be applied in the classroom, in real situations, so that the students can appreciate the beauty of Mathematics.
Emprego de técnicas espectroanalíticas para a análise de amostras de solos e de coprólitos : análise de textura e exploratória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-21) Sperança, Marco Aurélio; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5905694821382851
In this study, samples of coprolites (fossilized feces) were analyzed in LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) to evaluate the chemical profile in these samples using hyperspectral images, which enable us to assess the different concentration of several elements in the same image. One of these samples was submitted to analysis by ICP OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) separately (rock and coprolites) to assess the actual concentration of each element in both of the arrays. Through the results of both techniques, it was possible to infer the diet of animals that generated the coprolites. The samples correspond to the Oligo-Miocene, Cretaceous, and Permian periods (28, 85 and 260 million years, respectively). Coprolites samples showed positive correlation between the Ca and P elements, indicating the presence of Ca3(PO4)2, compound generally present in carnivorous animal waste. In rock samples, the predominant elements were Al, K, Na and Si. Through a PCA analysis (Principal Component Analysis), it was found that the elements that characterized the samples changed as the age. Through scores graph analysis, it is possible to identify groups of samples in chronological order. The soil samples were analyzed by NIRS (Near-Infrared Spectroscopy) in an attempt to create classification models for soil texture, which is characterized by sand fractions, clay and silt soil. These are differentiated by particle size. Various strategies have been adopted in an attempt to improve the created models and several chemometric tools were utilized, such as SIMCA, KNN and PLS-DA for classification, giving satisfactory results as accuracy 83-100% for the calibration set. PLS to quantify the levels was also tested, but without success. The samples were also subjected to analysis by LIBS and soil encapsulation strategy with a polymer was tested, also without success, since the LIBS generates the spectral profile elements and does not distinguish particle size.
O estudo de simetrias com frisos e questões da OBMEP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-21) Nardelli, Renan Eduardo; Malagutti, Pedro Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462523657624050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5095095788326803
This work handles topics involving geometric transformations and friezes for the study of symmetry. It aimed to present students from the Ninth Grade of a public school in São Paulo State activities, in order to enrich them scientifically, culturally; sharpening their curiosity and critical reasoning. For this, a series of activities related to the theme symmetry was developed: first of all, students solved questions on a diagnosing sheet of paper about translation, reflection and rotation movements on the plan, followed by a slide presentation of these same topics. Then, they watched a video about Alhambra Palace in Spain to motivate them to study the symmetries in decorative friezes. Students solved various problems of OBMEP involving symmetrical situations and they ended up the work building seven patterns of friezes. The analysis of these solutions is presented in order to verify whether there was a contribution to the learning of geometric transformations related to symmetries. Such analysis is based on the researcher’s experience and also on testimonials from the participants.
Avaliação da atividade bactericida do biovidro F18 e F18 com prata para aplicações médicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-21) Campanini, Lidiani Aparecida; Peitl Filho, Oscar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3007441705652783; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4808614025312240
Millions of surgeries for implants and prosthesis placement are performed annually worldwide. Among these surgical procedures are observed some types of failures. The most worrying complication is the infection that can cause deformity in the region, amputation of body parts, and may progress to osteomyelitis and patient death. In this context, the bactericidal property of the bioactive glasses is being widely studied. The F18 is a new bioglass that was developed at Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV) and can be manipulated in different forms to be used as auxiliary agent in the medical treatment of infectious processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal activity of F18 in powder form for coating implants and in fibers form to be used in wound healing, on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, it was proposed to compare the kinetic of bactericidal activity of F18 in powder, F18 in powder doped with silver (F18Ag), and the standard bioglass called 45S5, on S. aureus. The bactericidal activity of F18 was tested using an analysis method based on a standard JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) Z2801: 2010, where the inoculum was in contact with the material for 24 hours and the reduction of viable cells was observed after this period. For the realization of kinetic tests the powder samples from different materials were placed in contact with the S. aureus suspension and an aliquot of these mixtures was plated in a culture media at different times. The direct count of colony on Petri dishes demonstrated the viable cells reduction. F18 both in powder form and in the form of fibers showed an extremely efficient bactericidal activity. The elimination of the microorganisms was close to 100%. The log of reduction of bacteria was between 5.9 ± 0.4 and 7.0 ± 0.2 log10 CFU ml-1, and the standard considers as a bactericide the material that shows a reduction of 2.0 logs or more. The bactericidal activity of F18Ag began after the first 30 minutes of contact with microorganisms and practically eliminated the bacterial colonies after one hour of contact. The bactericidal action of F18 started after six hours and eliminated viable cells after 24 hours. Both materials demonstrated bactericidal action similar to that presented by the standard 45S5.