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Planejamento e avaliação de fragmentos moleculares como inibidores da enzima cruzaína
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-24) Rangel, Karen Cristina; Montanari, Carlos Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9200533791228786; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4726384027462430
The available drugs for treating Chagas disease are not effective, therefore the development of new therapies is needed. Cruzain is the major Trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease, the causative agent of the disease, and is a validated therapeutic target for the discovery of new trypanocidal agents. Our group has identified a cruzain inhibitor with fragment characteristics - [5- (2-chlorophenyl) -1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl] acetic acid (Neq0147) and its mode of interaction was validated by determining orthogonally its crystal structure. However, interactions of this inhibitor were not yet appropriately optimized. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the interactions of Neq0147 to identify new fragments as non-peptide cruzain inhibitors, which was carried out through a structure-activity relationship study (SAR). Molecular modifications have been made based on Neq0147, wherein initially carboxylate was replaced by a nitrile to increase the affinity of the inhibitor and to act as an anchor to explore other modifications. Then it was made the replacement of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring for others heterocyclic five-membered rings, with the intention to explore interactions with Asp161 and Gly65. The position of the chlorine atom on the aromatic ring was also varied to explore interactions with amino acids in the S2 subsite. The compounds were tested against cruzain to determine its inhibition constant. From the SAR study it can be concluded that the change that generated higher affinity gain was the replacement of the carboxylate group by nitrile. It can also be seen that the presence of chlorine is essential for the fragments activity, which preferably should be present in the ortho or para positions. Among the evaluated inhibitors one fragment, Neq0617, has an affinity 14 times greater than the original fragment. Moreover, various inhibitors similar to fragments with high affinity and interaction efficiency have been identified, therefore these inhibitors are potential candidates for optimization.
Treinamento e capacitação dos profissionais da construção civil baseados nos conceitos da mentalidade enxuta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-24) Panaino, Brunna Bernardo de Faria; Paliari, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7981134066791604
The industry of civil construction presents frequent progress in material development, but a notable delay in management. To assist in the management process, it has been sought to adopt the concept of lean thinking that emerged in the automotive industry and it has been adapted to various segments because of its efficiency. They have developed several theoretical works on the subject, but there are still difficulties in the implementation in construction due to low education of the workforce; lack of organizational diagnosis, among others. This work aims to present a form of training for the workforce with a focus on reducing waste and loss based on the concepts of lean thinking. Classified as action research, the following steps were included: (1) literature review on teaching methods, training and lean thinking; (2) development of preliminary proposal of training and capacity and its evaluation mechanisms and subsequent (3) application and validation (4) final proposal for the training and qualification method. The application shows that the model developed contributes to filling thegap between the lean construction theory and the practice of construction. The uniqueness of the model consists of the application of the training with pedagogical foundations of learning styles to best suit the target audience.
Toxicidade, eficácia e efeitos morfofuncionais do antimicrobiano azitromicina para a tilápia Oreochromis niloticus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-24) Shiogiri, Natália Sayuri; Cruz, Claudinei da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023527914463601; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0069152887129671
The increase of fish production in intensive systems involves the use of antimicrobians in the treatment of diseases caused by bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate acute toxicity (CL50; 48h) of the antimicrobial azithromycin (AZT) for fingerlings of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), the effects on young tilapia, after chronic exposure (14 days) via hematological analysis, morphology gills, liver and kidneys and antioxidant system responses in the liver, and to determine the efficacy of control of Aeromonas hydrophila via hematological analysis and innate immune response, in addition to the morphological effects gills, kidneys and liver and antioxidant system responses in the liver. The acute toxicity (LC50; 48h) of the AZT to tilapia was > 100 mg L-1 being th AZT classified as practically non-toxic. After chronic exposure, there was an increase in hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and in the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV) and no change in the other variables of the red series was observed. The leukocytes increased after exposure to 100 mg L-1 AZT. Histological changes in gills suggest defense response against irritant agent and indicate normal structure and function of the organ; in the kidney no changes was observed and in the liver changes were classified as moderate to severe. In the efficacy trial, the offering of medicated food with AZT (100 and 125 mg kg-1) to animals infected with A. hydrophila was efficient and all of the treated animals survived; of the untreated animals 22% came to death. The Hct decreased and the hematimetric indices mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration increased, the percentage of lymphocytes decreased and the percentage of neutrophil increased in untreated infected animals, but were unchanged in animals treated with AZT. No change occurred in innate immunity assessed by the activity of lysozyme, complement system and leukocytes respiratory burst activity. Gills showed no changes that could interfere in the organ function, in the liver changes were classified from mild to moderate and didn´t occurred alterations in the kidneys. Animals treated with AZT showed no adverse effects related to defense cells and the innate immune activity. The drug also caused no changes in antioxidant defense enzymes in the animals' liver after chronic exposure and did not generate oxidative stress. After challenge with A. hydrophila occurred an increased in the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase and glutathione level in the liver of animals treated with AZT and the glutathione level decreased in the infected group and untreated. These responses suggest that infection caused by A. hydrophila can induce an increased production of ROS and, consequently, stimulated responses of the antioxidant defenses. These responses were effective to prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress.
Contribuição ao estudo do sistema de pré-lajes tipo painel treliçado em pavimentos de edificações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-24) Rocha, Filipe de Lima; Carvalho, Roberto Chust; lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9481565357564253
The civil construction more than ever is challenged by the circumstances faced by the country, the economic crisis experienced in these last few years puts into perspective the necessity of more rational choices avoiding unnecessary dispenses and wastes. In face of this scenario the pre-cast elements became vital to guarantee the conclusion in less time and trying to reduce constructive bottlenecks. The latticed pre-cast concrete slabs are one of the many types of pre-cast parts which can be used at the construction sites, however the national standards are confuse and vague about some aspects contained especially in the European standards. Even the last review of the NBR 6118 of 2014 adds little about the issue and the more specific standard (NBR 14680) has few constructive details regarding the connection between elements and the calculus procedures, therefore this work tries to discuss the main questions related to this kind of pavement, introduces knowledge coming from other standards trying to answer some less usual doubts, but extremely pertinent ones such as, for example, the concept of self-portance, the use of this material in bridge floors and also the type connective reinforcement needed to attain the effective monolithism at the interface between beamstructure. This dissertation also presents some examples of pre- and post-constructive deflection limits, fissured deformation and a full example of calculation for a common pavement. Some data from the experiments realized at the NEPRE in the University of São Carlos and their practical application are shown as well.
Estudo e desenvolvimento do protótipo de aplicativo móvel : “cateterismo intermitente limpo : guia de apoio para adultos”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-24) Pereira, Barbara Juliana da Costa; Napoleão, Anamaria Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9744833903914682
The clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is an effective alternative to indwelling catheterization, being used for the management of bladder dysfunction including in the home environment through clean technique. The objectives of the study were: Identify, analyze and summarize the scientific evidence on caring for clean intermittent catheterization in the home environment; organize, from the review of the data, the contents of a support tab for adults; and develop a prototype application for mobile devices with organized content. It is a study with a quantitative approach, descriptive exploratory and technological development. It was carried out in three stages, being them the Integrative literature, Organization and content, and Mobile Application Prototyping. From the review, it was possible to evidence the related factors of the CIC success in the home enviroment, guiding the elaboration of the educational content. These data were organized along with other current related subject works in the literature, composing the guide’s educational content, based on recommendations on the development of health’s educational materials. The review of the data contributed to the evidence-based information to make up the mobile application prototype to be built on a digital platform, aiming to promote the improvement of care provided by nursing professionals to individuals using intermittent urinary catheterization, as it is related to the self-care education. The application prototype development involved its preparation in Unity platform by a multimedia professional, structuring the interface, preparing the navigation features and creating icons. Finally, we performed the evaluation of the usability of the built prototype that demonstrated good usability of it, though it is still necessary to carry out evaluation by experts of the end product development. We hope the results of this study can contribute to the advancement of research related to the use of CIL, by developing technologies that bring customers to scientific knowledge on the subject in order to provide these individuals the required quality and safety, and so, achieve higher levels of adherence to the practice of clean intermittent catheterization.
Geração de um programa de rotação de postos de trabalho considerando critérios ergonômicos e de produtividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-24) Márquez, Maria Fernanda Ramos; Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1999503875609726
Resumen: Las tensiones laborares que demandan esfuerzos yrepetición de actividades o posturas por periodos prolongados han sobrecargado los sistemas físicos humanos, pues estos esfuerzos son inherentemente poco naturales. La rotación de puestos de trabajo ayuda ala prevención de traumas ocasionados por estos factores, a través de la diversificación de tareas y la reducción de los períodos de exposición a elementos que podrían perjudicar a los trabajadores física o cognitivamente. Múltiples herramientas se han utilizado para la planificación de rotaciones, dentro de las cuales es posible encontrar el modelaje matemático y la simulación. Así, este trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo matemático de programación lineal entera mixta para generar programas de rotación puestos de trabajo que permitan minimizar el riesgo de desarrollar trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) causados por la repetición en una línea de embalaje de productos. La productividad de los trabajadores en cada estación de trabajo también es considerada. Para poner a prueba la solidez de losresultados en condiciones estocásticos, fue desarrollada una simulación computacional que tiene en cuenta paradas en el sistema de diversos orígenes, al igual que variaciones en la tasa de productividad de los trabajadores. La principal contribución de este estudio es el análisis ergonómico y productivo dela rotación de puestos de trabajo mediante la combinación de dos técnicas. El esfuerzo asociado a las tareas repetitivas se midió por utilizando el indicadorOccupational Repetitive Actions Index (OCRA).La productividad se evaluó midiendo el número de unidades procesadas por trabajadoren cada puesto de trabajo. Para evaluar la adherenciade la metodología a la realidad y la calidad de sus respuestas, un estudio de caso se realizó en una línea de embalaje manual de productos, que se caracteriza por la repetición de tareas. A partir de los datos facilitados por la empresa, se realizaron pruebas para determinar el mejorpunto deequilibrio entre la minimización de la exposición a los riesgos ergonómicos y el mantenimiento de la productividad. Las formulaciones propuestas resultaronser una representación ajustadadel sistema estudiado, en cuanto alos riesgosergonómicos y a la productividad, generando soluciones prácticas, realistas y plausibles
Recreações e artesanato em aulas de matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-24) Garcia, Carmem Barrio; Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4235065207999139
From the need to increase the concentration and the interest of students playful method of teaching was applied, by making use of a desire of the students to pro-duce elastic bracelets, introducing through this form of craft concepts of the curriculum of mathematics for the seventh year of basic education and some concepts of financial mathematics which served as reminder of the mathematical operations concepts taught previously. The result was an improvement in the levels of learning, concentration and application on carrying out and completion of the tasks proposed.
Diversidade funcional e negra de isópodes subterrâneos em áreas cársticas do centro-leste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-08-24) Fernandes, Camile Sorbo; Bichuette, Maria Elina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1479234559878695
We addressed the mechanisms responsible for the composition of subterranean communities and its consequences for the maintenance of ecological processes. In the first chapter, we tested whether cave communities were assembled by the restrictive regime propitiated by permanent darkness, or by limiting similarity caused by competitive exclusion when compared to surface communities. With this purpose, we measured several niche descriptors of species from inside and outside caves using a multivariate measure of functional diversity and compared their widths. Our results showed that isopods found inside caves favourable conditions to allow occupation and diversification, with milder environmental parameters coupled with the absence of specialised predators. There is, therefore, phenotypic overdispersion and higher functional diversity in cave species when compared to surface ones. This higher functional diversity results in better efficiency in resource use, but also in lower resilience of ecological processes. In the second chapter, we tried to understand the processes underlying patterns of subterranean biodiversity and its consequences, because species do not occur in all caves or habitat patches where their occurrences are expected. We looked for the species absences, known as the dark diversity, for estimation of how much of the habitat-specific regional species pool is realised within each local cave community. We tested whether the species were absent because of their functional attributes and tried to understand the relative importance of determinants of cave biodiversity using local-regional regression models. Our results indicated that the occurrence of the species is far from its potential, considering habitat availability and ecological requirements. We found no relationship between species absences and functional traits but this is possibly an artifact of the low species number and low co-occurrences of isopods. For the same reason the regression models did not fit in the local-regional relationship. Differences between caves and regions possibly results from the amount of microhabitats, resource inputs and historical factors and, from a conservation perspective, the caves with higher completeness deserve attention, because they may be a source of migratory individuals to other areas in the vicinity. In the third chapter we compiled the current state of knowledge of oniscidean fauna in Brazilian caves by listing the described species and adding several new records from our own surveys. Among these, certainly new species will be identified. We also addressed the need of validation of the new species and identification of the unrecognized ones by proper taxonomic research, as any delay may yield loss of biodiversity.