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Uma análise sobre créditos e os controles do Banco Central no Brasil entre 2007 e 2015
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-04) Kluth, Fabian; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5212532876353136
In considering the evolution of credit and rising inflationary pressure observed in Brazil between 2007 and 2015 this research investigates how the Central Bank of Brazil, given its goal of inflation targeting, acted in providing reserves to support the observed credit growth in recent years. The econometric method used for analysis consisted of applying Granger causality tests using data from the Central Bank of Brazil. We conclude that the amount of money were defined by demand and had no impact on the determination of the nominal product. The central bank, in turn, provided the necessary reserves in accordance to the volume of deposits. Together, these results provide support to the notion of endogenous money supply in the period.
Estudo da correlação entre motivação, estilo de aprendizagem e os tipos psicológicos Junguiano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-04) Toledo, Evelyn Jeniffer de Lima; Ferreira, Luiz Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3137463871015643
The motivation, learning style and the student's personality are constructs that have been studied in the field of educational psychology and is considered extremely important in teaching and learning processes. However, there is little research on this subject especially in quantitative terms. It is this gap that this research is inserted in order to answer the following research questions "There is a correlation between motivation, learning style and personality? and if so, how is it?" To answer this question we used 6 questionnaires: EMA, MSLQ-A, Psychological Types, LSI, ILS, MSLQ-B. Only the LSI proved inappropriate because of its low internal consistency. As results were found correlations ranging from weak to strong depending on the constructs in question, being more intense when constructs aimed at measuring different perspectives of the same factor, which shows a good consistency between the questionnaires. In addition, correlations were found between intrinsic motivational factors and academic performance and between "anxiety" and motivational extrinsic factors. Anxiety was also correlated with the learning style called "training" and therefore it is suggested that teachers do not encourage such style mainly students with anxiety problems. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between intrinsic and extrinsic factors indicating the presence of a not exclude the other, they can coexist. Intrinsic motivation was correlated with the psychological type via the perception factor, being positive and moderate to "intuition" and is also correlated to the learning style through the construct "critical thinking", indicating that it is favored intuitive individuals. "Critical thinking" also correlated favorably directly or indirectly, in the format of "metacognitive self-regulation", "time and study environment" and "regulation effort". Moreover, the positive correlation between these factors indicates that the development of a strategy for development is siding other. Therefore, it is concluded that there are correlations between the constructs and they suggest how to nourish or discourage certain styles.
Efeitos do treinamento de força e da reposição hormonal no mecanismo de ação de irisina de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-04) Magosso, Natalia Santanielo Silva; Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2849423258149874
The reduction in estrogen concentration, a physiological situation of the female aging, in addition to changes such as increased risk of coronary heart disease, loss of muscle mass and loss of bone mass is also associated with changes in fat composition. Studies from our research laboratory show that ST produces benefits such as increasing the amount of lean body mass, glucose control and reduced lipid content in the liver and muscles. Irisin is known to be a potential therapeutic target in metabolic diseases, including obesity, and its molecular mechanisms are initiated through exercise. Objective: To investigate the effects of ST and HR in plasma levels of Irisin, gene and protein expression of factors involved in the action of Irisin in ovariectomized rats. Methods: 66 rats Holtzman were randomly divided into six groups: 1) Sham-Sed; 2) Sham-ST; 3) Ovx-Sed; 4) Ovx-ST; 5) Ovx-Sed-RH; 6) Ovx-ST-RH. The ST protocol required the animals to climb a 1.1 m-long vertical ladder with weights atteched to their tails. Each session consisted of 4 to 8 climbs with 2 minutes interval between climbing, performed once every three days for 12 weeks. Analyses of PGC1-α mRNA expression, and FNDC5 and UCP1 were performed by RT-PCR ΔΔCt method, protein expression analysis of FNDC5 and UCP1 were performed by the Western blotting technique, Irisin and 17β-estradiol levels were determined by ELISA. Results: Our results show that the Sham, Ovx and HR groups who underwent 12 weeks of ST had a higher expression of the Irisin action mechanism, with higher mRNA expression of PGC-1α in the gastrocnemius muscle, increased protein expression FNDC5, higher Irisin concentration in the plasma and increased protein expression of UCP1 in mesenteric fat. Conclusion: Ovariectomized rats had lower circulating concentration Irisina, which promotes browning of white adipose tissue, however, the ST for 12 weeks was an effective intervention strategy to contain higher circulating concentration of Irisin in intact and ovariectomized rats. And the TF associated with RH was an effective intervention strategy to contain higher circulating concentration of Irisin in ovariectomized.
Interpolação linear logaritmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-04) Rossi, Rosângela de Lourdes; Soares, Márcio de Jesus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3273672989988386; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0637572146705548
This dissertation project aims at the Teaching of Linear Interpolation logarithmic, with the target group students from High school and their teachers to facilitate the meeting of the logarithms of values without the use of board existing common logarithms or the calculating machines. The concepts, the properties of logarithms and interpolations inserted in activities based on the Didactic Engineering are the brand and the engine of development of this work. The materials handling, visualization of results and activities developed by high school students from public schools ensured the originality of the teaching relationship / learning of mathematics, especially in the Linear Interpolation logarithmic, circumscribing on purpose that objective.
Participação do fator de liberação de corticotrofina (CRF) no Locus coeruleus na resposta respiratória à hipercapnia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-04) Miranda, Jolene Matos Incheglu de; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8968512556555459
Locus coeruleus (LC) is a pontine noradrenergic group that acts as a central chemoreceptor to CO2/pH and it is involved in the cognitive aspects of stress response and it is associated with a large number of physiological and behavioral processes, including sleepwake cycle, feeding, cardiovascular and respiratory control, nociception, thermoregulation and learning. The LC has also been implicated in the cognitive aspects of stress responses, in part through the action of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), which when released in these situations increases the firing frequency of LC noradrenergic neurons. CRF is the largest stimulator of the pituitary secretion of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and their receptors (types 1 and 2) are widely distributed in the central nervous system, including the LC. Thus, we tested the involvement of CRF1 receptors (CRF1) located in the LC in the ventilatory and thermal responses induced by hypercapnia (7%CO2) in rats. To this end, we injected antalarmin (a CRF1 antagonist, 0.05 and 0,1 μg/0.1 μL) into the LC of male Wistar rats. Pulmonary ventilation (VE) and body temperature (Tb, dataloggers) were measured in air and followed by 7% CO2 in unanesthetized rats. There were no differences in body temperature between groups under normocapnia and hypercapnia. We observed an increased ventilation in normocapnia, at 5 to 15 minutes after microinjection of antalarmin (dose 0.1 μg / 0.1 μL) compared to the control, due to an increase in tidal volume. The hypercapnic response in antalarmine treated animals was higher compared to control groups. The dose of 0.05 μg / 0.1 μL caused an increase in ventilation 15 min after CO2 exposure and this response increased further with the dose of 0.1 μg / 0.1 μL at 30 minutes after hypercapnia, due to an increased tidal volume. Our results suggest that CRF1 receptors in the LC exert a tonic inhibitory role in the ventilation and the inhibitory modulation of the respiratory response to CO2.
Relação entre os métodos de síntese de precursores particulados ferroicos e a obtenção de compósitos magnetoelétricos texturados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-04) Paranhos, Rafael Rodrigo Garofalo; Garcia, Ducinei; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4310999203376154
This study analyses the relationships between synthesis routes and physical properties of the composite system 67.5(PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3) +32.5(PbTiO3), or simply PMN-PT, as ferroelectric phase and BaFe12O19, or BaM, as magnetic phase. The choice of phases was based on the exceptional properties that both PMN-PT and BaM possess: solid solutions of the complex perovskite PMN-PT in both monocrystalline and polycrystalline forms, particularly those whose composition lies within the region of morphotropic boundary phases, have the largest known piezoelectric coefficients. BaM, or barium hexaferrite, presents relatively high property anisotropy due to its hexagonal crystal structure (expressed in particles that grow in nonequiaxed format) and easy magnetization along the c-Crystallographic axis. Thus, the main objective of this work was to obtain and characterize magnetoelectric composites (either volumetric or as two-dimensional nanostructures) textured from PMN-PT/BaM, by exploiting the quasi-piezomagnectic characteristics and the microstructural, crystallographic and magnetic anisotropyof the BaM phase. With a molar ratio of 80/20 between the ferroelectric and magnetic phases, different routes of synthesis and processing were used for the production of threedimensional ceramic composites with 0-3 connectivity, or thin films with 0-3 and 2-2 connectivity.The Pechini, sol-gel, co-precipitation,and solid state reaction techniques were applied for the synthesis of powders and/or solutions; the pressure-assisted sintering method was used for the densification of three-dimensional bodies; and the spin-coating technique was employed for the deposition of films. Physical, electrical, magnetic and magnetoelectric characterizations were performed in order to clarify the influence of the BaM phase upon composites of different configurations. In a prospective yet not exhaustive manner, relations were assessed among the experimental parameters of the various synthesis routes (with greater focus on the barium hexaferrite phase) and the production of ceramic composites of PMNPT/ BaM system. It was found that the final characteristics of the prepared materials, particularly the hysteresis behavior of the magnetoelectric coefficient as a function of applied magnetic field, were highly susceptible to variations in the morphology, size and orientation of barium hexaferrite grains, which, in turn, depended on the synthesis and sintering routes applied.
Modulação autonômica cardíaca durante o exercício no peixe de respiração aérea bagre africano, Clarias gariepinus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-04) Blasco, Felipe Rocco; McKenzie, David John; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0281731956436645; Rantin, Francisco Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6314781191230873
Teleost fishes were the first vertebrates to possess double autonomic innervation of the heart, where a balance between adrenergic and cholinergic actions determine heart rate (ƒH). Among teleosts, air breathing (AB) fishes are unsual because they exhibit marked changes in ƒH associated with each air-breathing event, which appear to be under autonomic control. In these species, aerobic exercise typically causes increases in air-breathing frequency (fAB), but effects of exercise on ƒH, and on the changes in ƒH with AB events, have never been studied. This was, therefore, studied in the african catfish, Clarias gariepinus, a facultative air breathing species. In particular, to investigate autonomic control of cardiac responses to exercise, and whether pharmacological abolition of ƒH control had an influence on fAB responses to exercise. Two groups of C.gariepinus were implanted with ECG electrodes under benzocaine anaesthesia, used to measure ƒH during exercise, routine between AB events, and ƒH Pre-AB and ƒH Post-AB. A peritoneal cannula was inserted to inject antagonist drugs, propranolol and atropine. In Group 1 (n = 9; 126 ± 6g EPM), animals were submitted to three sequential swimming tests at speeds of 15, 30 and 45 cm.s-1 : Control, Propranolol and Double Blockade. Group 2 (n = 9; 137 ± 8g EPM) were submitted to the same sequential swimming tests, however with a reversal in drug injections : Control, Atropine and Double Blockade. Additionally to ƒH, ƒAB and the % of adrenergic and cholinergic tones were calculated at each velocity for each test. A clear positive relation between swimming speed and ƒAB was observed. Autonomic blockade did not have major effects on these ƒAB responses. Interestingly, however, injection of propranolol alone, in group 1, caused ƒAB to be higher than control values at speeds of 30 and 45 cm.s-1, an effect that was still measured at 45 cm.s-1 after Double Blockade in that group. In group 1, the ƒH Routine of Control and Propranolol protocols showed an increase with swimming speed. However, after Double Blockade, or just atropine in Group 2, ƒH Routine was high and did not vary with swimming speed. This reveals a profound dominance of cholinergic tone on ƒH during exercise. Similarly, in group 1, the ƒH Pre- AB increased with swimming speed in Control and Propranolol tests. The ƒH Post AB was high and varied less as speed was increased in Control and Propranolol test of Group 1. Once again Double Blockade tests, or just Atropine in Group 2, abolished all changes in ƒH associated with air-breathing, at all swimming speeds, confirming a dominance of inhibitory cholinergic control of fH responses. Calculation of autonomic tones around AB events verified that adrenergic tone does not vary from Pre to Post moments, all changes in fH are due to modulation of tone action. Therefore, C.gariepinus relies on AB events to maintain aerobic metabolisn during sustained exercise. Modulation of inhibitory cholinergic tone accounts for all variations in ƒH Routine during exercise, and for all changes in ƒH during AB events. Abolition of this cholinergic control did not, however, have a major influence on AB responses to exercise.
Relação da estrutura da paisagem mosaico Carajás, PA com a ocorrência de Anodorlynchus hyacinthinus (arara-azul-grade)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-04) Conrado, Ludmila Pereira; Valente, Roberta Averna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212904334696001
In Brazil, there are about 6,500 individuals of Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (Hyacinth macaw) in wild, located in three physiognomically distinct regions. The specie is demanding as to breeding habitat, and can be regarded as feeding specialist. Currently, the species is endangered because the reduction of their originally habitat, as consequence of the disorderly process of land occupation. This process, broadly, causes negative effects on landscape, in particular the remaining native forest vegetation. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Hyacinth macaw in mosaic Carajás landscape, considering the intrinsic characteristics of the landscape structure and biology of this species. We considered three regions of the Carajás mosaic: R1- Itacaiúnas river, R2-FLONA Itacaiúnas and, R3 - Canaã dos Carajás. The sampling of Hyacinth macaw was done through direct observation and calculated the frequency records for R1 (1.26 region/hour), R2 (0.38 reg./hour) and R3 (0.44 reg. /hour), and after, was estimated area of life for each region (R1 = 22187.87 ha; R2= 66397.0ha, R3 = 41841.2ha). We made the land-use/land-cover map to support evaluation of the landscape, through unsupervised classification of satellite images. The final map was reclassified two classes: forest and non-forest. The follow landscape metrics were calculated: distance between fragments (R2 = 499 m; R3 = 364m), midsize (R2 = 148,5ha; R3 = 10,6ha), the size of the largest fragment (R2 = 39.360,8ha; R3 = 888,1ha), and number of fragments (R2 = 337, R3 = 863). From the results, we can said that forested areas with riparian vegetation presence appear to be more propitious to Hyacinth macaw occurrence in the mosaic Carajás, Pará, Brazil, but the preference for open areas is not ruled out. Furthermore, the species occupy different degraded patterns landscape, because there is a large displacement capacity and proximity to the mosaic. Atropism and interaction with other species, such as red macaws may be other factors that affect the distribution of species in the Carajás region.