Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-09-08"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 15902

Formação de professores para educação especial no Paraná : cursos de pedagogia, pós-graduações lato sensu e políticas públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-08)
Harlos, Franco Ezequiel
;
Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6286854494767617
The present research aimed to analyze the consonance between some of the courses (Pedagogy and lato sensu graduate programs) adopted in Paraná for the education of teachers aiming performance with students that fit Special Education’s target audience (SETA) and the current organizational and conceptual structure of Brazilian Special Education, in what concerns the teacher profile that is demanded by such structure. Therefore, documentary research was adopted, guided by actions subdivided into three phases, namely: I. analysis of 30 documents that delimitate the current organizational and conceptual structure of Brazilian Special Education, compiled from the Ministry of Education homepage; II. analysis of 35 political pedagogical projects collected from Higher Education Institutions (HEI) homepages regarding Pedagogy programs; III. analysis of data about the structuring of 63 lato sensu graduate programs in Special Education, identified in HEI homepages. In phase I, it was concluded that the current organizational and conceptual structure of Special Education creates a demand for polyvalent teachers, with broad technical and methodological knowledge for performance with all the segments of SETA students. In phase II, it was concluded that 95.3% of the analyzed lato sensu graduate programs are structured without a foreseen requirement of teacher internship in Special Education; that 74.6% of these present a multifocal model (which focuses all segments of SETA students); that these courses present an average of 397.2 hours of duration and 13.19 subjects; that 15.87% of these courses present programs composed of 50% or over 50% of subjects that do not discuss Special Education. In phase III, it was concluded that in 85.8% of the analyzed Pedagogy programs there is no foreseen requirement of performance with SETA in the curriculum’s mandatory internships; that in 95.4% of these courses, Special Education is mentioned exclusively in the subjects specifically directed to it; that these courses present an average of 2.68 subjects directly related to Special Education, an average of 83.6 hours of workload dedicated specifically to Special Education and 67.6 hours to the teaching of Libras (Brazilian Sign Language). The triangulation of the data incited the inference that the current organizational and conceptual structure of Brazilian Special Education has reconfigured the teacher profile demanded for performance with SETA students, expanding and making more complex the knowledge and functions that shall be associated with the teacher. Concomitantly, such structure has perpetuated and favored models of formation of teachers that overly restrict the time dedicated to professional practice and to the learning of indispensable methodologies and techniques. Thus, a transformation in Pedagogy and lato sensu graduate programs in Special Education is suggested, with official guidelines which determine a basic structuring for the courses that intend to professionally capacitate for performance in Special Education and that establish that in such courses foreseen curriculum internships with SETA shall be mandatory.
Análise fundiária e ambiental do portal terra da saudade no município de Matão – SP à luz da desconstrução espacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-08)
Cardoso, Jesse Romero
;
Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6823379068411215
The analysis of spatial transformations passing a priori by deconstructing something. Despite the negative prefix deconstruction is far from a bad thing, above all, it is needed. Deconstruction varies from minimum to maximum, it is up to man the responsibility to lead it minimally so that does not cause negative impacts on the natural environment, this, condition to meet the "needs" of future generations. Deconstruction happens by working in geographic space, where everything is produced is space. Undoubtedly, we are products of ourselves, just as we are products of space, this space where man is present. The need for space becomes paramount when it comes to housing. In the municipality of Matão -SP , the heart of our research , according to the Local Plan for affordable housing , there is a housing deficit of 1,700 homes. To try to remedy this deficit the Municipality deployed in the northern area of the city Portal Terra da Saudade. This set of social housing came to contemplate 761 families, with 658 units of the program Minha Casa, Minha Vida, and 103 units of FNHIS, the project was a big step in that it aims to meet housing demand for the low population income of up to two minimum salaries. This study analyzed the social viability, focusing on the issue of land tenure, urban planning and law regulating the area for the Portal and the impacts to the environment, especially the APP (Permanent Preservation Areas), in the light of the spatial deconstruction. We highlight the impacts to APP , the disappearance of a spring in the Portal , as well as an effluent dump untreated into two streams in the area studied . We detected some mistakes in the documents that made possible the acquisition of the area to implement the housing project .
Sob o signo da curatela : as relações entre família, justiça e medicina em torno dos processos de interdição por diagnósticos de doenças mentais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-08)
Barbosa, Luciana Cristina de Campos
;
Cardoso, Marina Denise
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9673720768173749
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4601039676925981
This dissertation aims to analyse the current mechanisms of interdiction of people with “mental illness” diagnosis from the understanding of the relationships between family, justice and psychiatric medicine, built during the legal process. Usually triggered by the family, the interdiction process aims to restrict the civil living acts of a person diagnosed with “mental illness” that characterizes the person as “incapable” from the medical and juridical point of view. With the interdiction sentenced by the judge, a guardian is indicated to be responsible for the goods and the life management of the person that was interdicted, who from this moment on has all his actions considered null for undetermined period. Besides, the interdiction has been used to attest the incapacity of the person to work in cases when the guardian requires a governmental assistance named “Benefício de Prestação Continuada” at the National Institute of Social Security (INSS from the Portuguese abbreviation), on behalf of the interdicted person. The intention, from detailing ethnographic fragments, is to promote the debate on the different meanings of the individual behaviors between the institutions, as well as the relationships between the different knowledges and actions, sometimes conflicting, promoted by this process. The intention is also to embrace moral and ethical questions present in legal, medical, and social speeches about behaviors framed as “symptoms” and “diseases” on the psychiatric knowledge and, because of the medical expertise, disabling from the juridical point of view, as well as its effects in the life of interdicted individuals and their families.
Uma sinuosa trajetória: o PCB de “Agrarismo e Industrialismo” à “democracia como valor universal”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-08)
Sgarbi, Diógenes Pereira
;
Lahuerta, Milton
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9326718732298388
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8351138387643354
This article debates the main theoretical presumptions which guided the actions of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) along over six decades of existence. The objective of the research is to comprehend the historical conceptual elements which affected PCB‘s guidelines throughout the decades. "Agrarismo e Industrialismo", first analytical article written by Octávio Brandão in 1924, marks the beginning of such complex relation between theory and practice at PCB (Brazilian Communist Party), also working as starting point for this thesis. The essay "A Democracia Como Valor Universal", by Carlos Nelson Coutinho, 1979, became the finishing line, for having become an overview of the Marxism interpretative diversification which framed the left-wing‘s way of thought at the time. Therefore, "A Democracia Como Valor Universal" represented a more qualified attempt to justify a country that became compound and the need for the Brazilian Communist Party of dealing with the "democratic matter". Contradictorily, it was one of the symbols of the death of the historical PCB, when the 1980 organic crisis would lead to the foundation of PPS (Popular Socialist Party).
Complexos de rutênio(III) com bases de Schiff tridentadas e tetradentadas do tipo Salophen : potenciais catalisadores na oxidação de catecol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-09)
Katayama, Juliana Midori Toia
;
Dockal, Edward Ralph
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9455477476400501
Ruthenium complexes are known as versatile electron-transfer and energy-transfer compounds. Due to these unique characteristics, ruthenium complexes exhibit a wide range of applications in various research areas such as artificial photosynthesis, photomolecular devices, biological probes, oxidation catalysts and organic synthesis. In the last two decades, salophen ligands and their complexes have received much attention, mainly because of their extensive applications in the fields of synthesis and catalysis. Thus, ruthenium(III) complexes with Schiff bases have several potential applications in the catalytic reactions such as cyclopropanation, epoxidation, aziridination, sulfimidation, catechols oxidation and Diels-Alder reactions. In this work were synthesized ligands and ruthenium complexes containing tridentate and tetradentate Schiff bases, which have substituted aromatic diimines, with satisfactory yields. The compounds synthesized in this work were characterized by melting point measurements, solubility tests, conductivity measurements, vibrational spectroscopy in the IR region, absorption spectra in the UV-vis, and cyclic voltammetry. The ligands were also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The synthesized complex catalyzed oxidation of the substrate, 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol, in their respective quinone; and these transformations were accompanied by absorption spectroscopy in the UV-vis region in 24 hours of reaction. The complexes’ structures have allowed structural and electronic effects to be evaluated and correlated with their catalytic activities. Although slow and low substrate conversion, less than 30%, trends were observed for correlations between structure and catalytic activity. The percentages of 3,5-di-tert-butilquinone obtained for the best catalysts among these complexes suggests that there is a step of forming a catalytically active species during the reaction time.
Estudo taxonômico e ecológico dos Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea) em área de mata atlântica em diferentes estágios sucessionais, no Parque Estadual da Serra Do Mar, São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-09)
Melo, Ivy Frizo de
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7238047166431880
The Hymenoptera parasitoids have valuable ecological role as predators, pollinators, and parasitoids, being responsible for the natural control of populations of many phytophagous species. This paper aims to contribute to the increase in knowledge about taxonomy and geographical distribution of Ichneumonidae family in forest patches of tropical rainforest in different successional stages in Serra do Mar State Park, Santa Virgínia Center, São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP . The material was collected using Moericke traps in nine points, three in each area, degraded, secondary succession and preserved. The samples were collected every 30 days for 12 months. Data Loggers were used to obtain local abiotic variables information. Of the 19 identified subfamilies, Cryptinae, Ichneumoninae and Orthocentrinae were the most abundant and the only ones considered common, dominant and constant, while Ctenopelmatinae, Labeninae, and Lycorininae Ophioninae were considered rare. The preserved area had the highest abundance and lower richness. The highest richness, diversity and evenness were observed in degraded area, the lowest abundance and evenness in secondary succession area. The abundance's distribution of subfamilies showed a positive relationship between the dry and rainy seasons and the different successional stages. In degraded and secondary succession areas, there was no significance in the relationship between the variations of richness, abundance and diversity of Ichneumonidae’s subfamilies and abiotic variables. In preserved area, there was an indication of the relationship between measures of diversity and relative humidity. The Anomaloninae, Banchinae, Cremastinae, Ctenopelmatinae, Diplazontinae, Labeninae, Lycorininae, Mesochorinae, Metopiinae, Nesomesochorinae, Ophioninae, Pimplinae, Rhyssinae, Tersilochinae and Tryphoninae were identified in 72 species and morphospecies, divided into 32 genera, with 20 possible new species. Five genera and 22 species were reported for the first time to Brazil.
A prática do trabalho no desenvolvimento das competências laborais : estudo da atividade de trabalho do auxiliar operacional de fazenda experimental de Instituição de Ensino Superio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-09)
Luz, Maria de Lourdes Santiago
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2658676199882274
Driven by a social need, the managers of an experimental farm belonging to the Agricultural Science Center at an institution of higher education raised concerns about ongoing support and maintenance of the farm. During the investigation process, the difficulty of filling staff positions for agricultural operations assistants was among the managers’ concerns. The reorganization of the workforce at a public institution is subject to public tenders, protocols and resolutions established by state law, university statute and internal regulations. The qualifications or knowledge contained in the professional profile description (personal competencies for the function) for an agricultural operations assistant established by the institution allow for explicit descriptions which fail to capture the reality of the work. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to systematize the creation of work competencies for the position of an agricultural operations assistant from the perspective of ergonomic activity in order to improve the performance of the experimental farm. For the study of work and worker competencies unique to this context, an Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA) research protocol was used, a methodology appropriate for ergonomic activity interventions. The organization of work at the experimental farm allows for flexibility in maneuvers that favor the use and evolution of competencies depending on the sector and individual initiative. The management model that establishes discretionary power and knowledge gained by operations assistant, are unique aspects of the determinants of the labor organization studied. As an experimental farm, the research, independent of any area it advances, uses new technologies and with this, the operational competencies are understood as factors inherent in the work, in the form of actions of the operations assistant, based on the characteristic of the organization (experimental farm - agricultural unit for research and teaching).
Efeito da temperatura sobre a ventilação, metabolismo e preferência térmica em duas populações de lagarto da espécie Tropidurus torquatus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-09)
Porto, Lays de Souza
;
Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8391367994012569
Several studies have demonstrated the environment's influence on the ecology and physiology of organisms and that environmental variations can promote behavioral and physiological adaptations of an individual, thus tracing its life's story. Ambient temperature, in particular, is a factor that has large influence on the physiological processes, which can cause changes in breathing patterns and metabolism in some species. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ventilatory, metabolic and thermal preference responses of two populations of lizards of the Tropidurus torquatus specie, coming from different regions of Brazil: one collected in the Pampa biome and the other one collected in areas of sandbanks in the Mata Atlântica biome. To assess the ventilatory and metabolic responses of both populations, individuals were acclimated at different temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) and exposed to three experimental temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C). The thermal preference was also obtained after a period of acclimatization of the animals to the above temperatures. Our data on the thermal preference showed no significant difference among the studied populations, which leads us to suggest that the preferred body temperature of these animals is a phylogenetically conserved trait. Regarding ventilation and metabolism data, our studies showed that both the population from the south of Brazil, as the population of the Northeast, showed the same metabolic rate, however, the population of the Pampas showed a greater ventilation, reflecting a hyperventilation of these lizards. Thus, we suggested that the lizards collected in South and Northeast may have different strategies to maintain the same metabolic rates. Finally, we found that the acclimation temperature did not affect the studied variables, except for tidal volume, which was significantly lower in animals acclimated to 20°C, and that oxygen consumption that was significantly less to the experimental temperature of 20ºC.
Reconhecimento de gestos aplicado as áreas da saúde : mudança de paradigma na interação humano computador por meio de estímulos motores e cognitivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-10)
Brandão, Alexandre Fonseca
;
Trevelin, Luis Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2847941419821206
Taking into consideration the culture and the lifestyle as prevention and health promotion strategies the idea was to provide users with non-conventional means of interacting with the Virtual Reality (VR) environment, using motor gestures in a physically active an essentially playful way. The set of applications was developed to be controlled using a gesture recognition sensor (Kinect – Microsoft), which scans the user’s body using an infrared camera. A set of applications called GestureCollection, represented by GestureChair – it was developed from a free version of the Pacman game and gives to the user the possibility of controlling the game using his hands (up, down, left or right). It was initially directed to spinal cord injury, which causes paraplegia and compromises the function of lower limbs but not the upper limbs, but in principle, it can be applied to any condition that partially disables upper limbs. GesturePuzzle – it was implemented as a virtual puzzle game where the user mounts an image from separate parts. The interaction with the VR environment occurs through natural movement of picking up and dropping the pieces where the user freely explores the shoulder joint in all planes of motion. GestureChess – it was developed to control a chess game, in which the first movement is a click that creates the origin of a spatial coordinate system. From this point it is possible to associate hand movements to pointer coordinates thus controlling the game. This is an application indicated to users who require intense cognitive stimulation related, in this case, to the calculation of probabilities required by chess game itself. Simultaneously, it is useful for upper limb stimulation. GestureMaps – it was developed for the exploration of geographic maps in Google Streetview. This application is controlled by body gestures, namely lower limb lifting (to simulate walking) and trunk rotation to the right or left (according to the desired direction). It was proposed having in mind elderly people who have spatial disorientation. Finally, RehabGesture - This software allows the measurement of range of motion (in the coronal plane) 0° extension to 145º of flexion of the elbow joint and from 0° aduction to 180° of abduction of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint, leaving the standing position. The presented applications (GestureCollection) allow muscle recruitment at different speeds and ranges of motion, training of general motor coordination, and cognitive stimulation in situations of dual task performed in virtual environments, with gestural control.
Entrevistas e visitas: perspectivas do CadÚnico em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-10)
Melo, Daniel Ramos da Silva
;
Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5366260223109463
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0790660428266066
The single register is a program created in 2001 to the union databases of a serials of social programs with the target to support the formulation and implementation of public policies to the poor population and extreme poverty. In other hands a key features is being a program used by the federal government that has been municipalized management, which means dynamics, conflicts and changes local become part and affect way the single register has been operated locally. This work is the result of wilde field research conducted between from 2011 to 2013 at São Carlos - SP and presents some developments continuities and ruptures after a change in the political framework to city after the result of municipal election to 2012. I have followed the routine of interviewers, interviewed managers and people who has worked directly in the creation and implementation processes of the register locally and the Ministry of Social Development and Hunger Alleviation (MDS) in Brasilia. The idea of this essay is that the counter (or bays service) functions is like an update of the "great divider" widely discussed by Anthropology. To the interaction between beneficiaries and interviewers and analysis of Registration of Books can perceive a privileged way the ways in which (re) produce thougts about race, gender roles and the very definition of state sectors borders from the different possibilities of cutouts and is positioned on one side or the other of the counter
Desvulcanização termomecânica contínua de borracha natural da banda de rodagem de pneus automotivos por meio do processo de extrusão em rosca dupla
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-10)
Nunes, Anderson Thadeu
;
Ambrósio, José Donato
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9470914895315270
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3680315285879991
The Natural rubber is a renewable source material widely used in the manufacture of automotive tire tread. The vulcanization results in a high thermodynamic stability and wide working range materials. However, after the end of life serious environmental and public health problems can occur because of improper disposal or burning. Recycling (devulcanization) is an attractive alternative because it takes advantage of the invested energy potential and relieves the pressures for planting new areas. The devulcanization of natural rubber automotive tire tread was performed by means of double screw extrusion process and intermeshing co-rotating. The directionality and magnitude of shear stress achieved in the process are able to overcome the energy of chemical bonds that make up the cross- linking of vulcanized NR. The devulcanization configures the convertion of three-dimensional structure in two-dimensional for selective splitting of crosslinking preserving such bonds between carbons of the Natural Rubber macromolecular chain. Virgin Natural Rubber compounds and post-consumer load tire tread underwent vulcanization process after being cryogenically milled. The devulcanization was carried out by assessing the influence of the extrusion process parameters, the effect of the particle size range, the presence of thermoplastic material and the addition of antioxidant. After extrusion, it was evaluated the magnitude of the soluble fraction of the extrudates. Soluble were evaluated for thermal stability, thermal behavior and the chemical groups present. They were obtained soluble content exceeding 50%. The most significant were obtained for compound of NR extruded without thermoplastic material. Thermal and chemical analysis indicated the presence of natural rubber molecules. Composite rubber virgin Natural and Natural Rubber devulcanized were prepared and vulcanized. The mechanical properties of tensile strength and hardness of these composites were comparable to those of virgin material, showing that the co-rotation and interpenetrating twin screw extrusion process has great potential for devulcanization for Natural Rubber.
Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy,1907) (HEMIPTERA : APHIDIDAE) : aspectos biológicos e respostas às ações de bioinseticidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-11)
Gambarra, Wanessa Porto Tito
;
Silva, Carlos Roberto Sousa e
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4890369735136839
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4534870573184434
Aphids are important pests in agriculture, mainly because they are vectors of phyto-pathogenic virus. One of the ways to control these insects, is the use of botanical insecticides. However in order to the control to be effective it is also necessary to know their biological characteristics. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactivity of several plant extracts upon Toxoptera citricidus, presently considered one of the most important pests of citric plantations. For this purpose its life cycle has been studies and important metabolic processes as: consumption, production, respiration and excretion were quantified. Based on these data the species life table and energy budget were constructed. The bioactivity of 11 species of plants including a nanoformulation of the neen, Azadirachta indica, was evaluated through acute toxicity tests. T. citricidus was maintained on Citrus limonia under controlled constant conditions in the laboratory. Among these 5 had insecticide activity upon T. citricidus causing mortality to 80 % of the individuals tested or more. The lethal median concentration (CL50 48h) varied from 0.17 to 4.10 mg/mL for the nynphal phases and from 0.30 to 5.01 mg/mL to adults thus evidencing insecticide properties and presenting high to be used in the management of this pest. A magnetic nuclear ressonance of honeydew, the excretion product of this aphid, evidenced the presence of important aminoacids besides carbohydrates allowing an advance in the knowledge on aphid-ants and aphid- host plant. The total energy budget of of T. citricidus varied According to the aphid age. Mean daily energy consumption were 0.3717 cal for nymphs and 0.4761cal for adults. The energy fraction invested in production by T. citricidus was high, with a mean value around 60%, evidencing high efficiency of energy retention. It was concluded that considering its biological characteristics T. citricidus has a relevant role in the energy transference across the ecosystem.
Complexos mono, bi e trinucleares de metais de transição com bases de Schiff tridentadas tipo ONN e tetradentadas do tipo ONNO : síntese, caracterização e estudos como catalisadores na oxidação de catecois
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-11)
Silva, Ricardo Soares Mota
;
Dockal, Edward Ralph
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7666959621410912
Salen-type complexes are an important class of coordination compounds, which have been used to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in various homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Complexes of transition metals are very versatile and participate in many chemical processes, which make the study of these very interesting. Research shows that the complexes of salen [salen = N, N'-ethylenebis (salicilidenoamina)] are efficient catalysts, and some compounds of this type have been investigated as catalysts in the oxidation of catechol. In this work were synthesized six types of compounds, ligands, symmetric mononuclear complexes, tridentate complexes, asymmetric mononuclear complexes, binuclear and trinuclear complexes. The series have satisfactory yields. The synthesized compounds in this work were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, vibrational spectroscopy in the IR region, absorption spectra in the UV-vis, conductivity measurements and solubility. The ligands and three palladium(II) complexes were also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. From these characterizations, comparisons were made between ligands, mononuclear, tridentate, binuclear and trinuclear complexes, and also with respect to the effects of the substituents on the aromatic ring at positions 4 and 5. The kinetics was performed using a spectrophotometer, following the formation of the product derived from oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol at 400 nm. In kinetic study were tested the binuclear and the trinuclear complexes which showed catalytic activities compatible with those of similar complexes described in the literature, among them we can mention the binuclear complexes [Cu(Cu(t-4DEA-salcn))Cl2] e [Cu(Cu(t-5NO2- salcn))Cl2] , kcat = 0,132 s-1 e kcat = 0,108 s-1, respectively; and the palladium(II) copper(II) binuclear complexes [Cu(Pd(t-salcn))Cl2] e [Cu(Pd(t-4-DEA-salcn))Cl2], kcat = 0,113 s-1 e kcat = 0,240 s-1, respectively.
Construção da parábola através de modelos lúdicos e computacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-11)
Tassone, Márcia Zulian Teixeira
;
Salvador, José Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158
Technological development is associated with systematic and organized knowledge, gathered during the entirety of human existence. The conics, in particular, the parabola, have a relevant presence in this development, although its study in basic education has been restrained to the manipulation of formulas without a context. This dissertation discusses the development of diverse activities related to the teaching of the parabola with the goal of relating theory and practice through its use in an academic context. This project was initially designed and developed for one class in their third year of high school at a public institution in Brazil. In order to introduce the characteristics and properties of the parabola, the use of physical and entertaining activities such as paper folding, along with resources from the geometrical environment, especially the program GeoGebra, were put to use to in order to achieve investigation, data analysis, a search for regularities, and identification and validation of the mathematical models. The diverse activities motivated the students to build a parabolic solar stove, which helped to connect theory and practice. In a second phase of experiment, the activities were applied in another public school, with the goal of involving a larger corpus of students within the fields of mathematics and the natural sciences. The activities developed used parabolic objects for reflection of sound waves and led to the elaboration of a project to build a parabolic bench in the school’s garden. It also presents a short analysis of the teaching and learning processes, based on the hypotheses of Piaget and Paulo Freire, about the role that mathematics has in human development and the aspects of mathematics education that utilize investigative processes and modeling. It was perceived the efficiency on the development of the competencies and abilities required nowadays and its viability to the realization of the scholarly activities.
Análise de predação intraguilda em alfafa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-11)
Iemma, Luis Gustavo Rodrigues
;
Sousa e Silva, Carlos Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4890369735136839
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1043228491783390
Aphids are considered as pests in several crops causing direct and indirect damage to the plants. In alfalfa fields (Medicago sativa), the species Acyrthosiphon pisum, Acyrthosiphon kondoi, Aphis craccivora and Therioaphis trifolii are found very often. Their natural enemies include predators and parasitoids among others. The aim of this work was to analyze the seasonal fluctuation of aphid populations and its relationship with climatic variables through correlation tests; in laboratory, to select the aphid species which were abundant in the field, having parasitoids and coccinelids predators associated with the intention of using them in serologic tests aiming to observe a possible intraguild predation. The serological technique is based on reactions as antigen/antibody where the antibodies are obtained to the specie of interest. The gathering of aphids, predators and parasitoids occurred from March 2013 to May 2014 in experimental alfalfa crioula fields located at Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste Unit, São Carlos, SP. Therioaphis trifolii was the most abundant aphid during the sampling period, followed by Acyrthosiphon pisum. Considering all species the populational peak occurred in September 2013 and the lower in January 2014. According to the tests, all species had no correlation with the rain, and no other variable presented significant influence in aphid’s seasonal fluctuation. 1208 coccinelids (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of six species were sampled and the three with more specimens, Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia convergens and Cycloneda sanguinea respectively, were separated to be part of the serological tests. A typical pattern predator-prey was observed. No species of parasitoids were found in T. trifolii and one species of parasitoid, Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) was found on A. pisum, and this led to its choice to the intraguild predation tests. According to the serological tests results, 52 among 485 coccinelids tested had traces of the parasitoid in its gut contents, that means 10,72% of the coccinelids ate parasited aphids. Feeding tests have shown that the parasitoid A. ervi can be detected up to 72 hours after its ingestion.
Avaliação dos hábitos de vida segundo a Assessment of Life Habits (LIFE-H) : adaptação cultural e valores normativos para crianças brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-14)
Silva, Fernanda Pereira dos Santos
;
Rocha, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2035754554780009
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5480471313598961
Rating scales of infant development have been increasingly used in clinical and scientific research. However, the challenge of accurately identifying changes is compounded by the lack of standardized assessment tools and validated for the Brazilian population. Furthermore, to assess the child's life habits have been increasingly promoted in clinical and scientific research. Thus, the first study identified the child assessment tools developed in Portuguese or translated into Portuguese; characteristics of the aspects evaluated by them were presented, and identified their clinical utility and quality. In conclusion, still need to be developed or translated and validated instruments for children under 4 years, with the matter of activities of daily living and children's social participation and that take into account the context and family issues. Thus, the second study was conducted to present the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the Assessment of Life Habits for children to Brazilian Portuguese. In the process of translation, the Brazilian version was called LIFE-H_BR (Avaliação dos Hábitos de Vida, para crianças do nascimento aos 4 anos de idade). The results obtained in this study demonstrated high concordance (<94%) and similarity between the technical judges in the translation process and that 29 items had to be modified in the process of cultural adaptation. However, it is necessary that the evaluation is performed with valid instruments for the studied population. Therefore the third and fourth studies were performed. Study 3 determined the percentage of items LIFE-H_BR adapted for children from 0-4 years that are directly related to the items of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) and reported that areas of ICF-CY are represented in LIFE-H_BR. In addition, the percentage of items in the Activities and Participation ICF-CY that can be evaluated using the LIFE-H_BR was determined, and if the LIFE-H_BR is limited to evaluate all components of the ICF-CY. The results showed that the LIFE-H_BR evaluates the participation of children and in this criterion it meets what is proposed, i.e., it has construct validity. Study 4 aimed to verify the concurrent and predictive criterion validity of the LIFEH_ BR, and demonstrated strong and positive correlation between the raw score of LIFE-H_BR and PEDI (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory), confirming the concurrent validity between the two instruments. The similarity between the raw score of LIFE-H_BR and PEDI was also considered strong and positive, scores confirming the predictive validity of the LIFEH_BR. Thus, the Brazilian version of the LIFE-H is an instrument that has strong concurrent and predictive validation with PEDI and is considered valid for the evaluation of Brazilian children. Thus, it is expected that the LIFE-H_BR can be an important tool for evaluation, development and monitoring of lifestyle conditions of child patients. In addition, it is a tool for clinicians and researchers to assess the life habits of Brazilian children, allowing future comparative studies of children with disorders and disabilities. It is noteworthy that the LIFE-H_BR has the advantage of observation and evaluation of family satisfaction level regarding the independence and participation of children in society, one more data that can guide the intervention in children's rehabilitation process.
Localização de centros de auxílio e distribuição de suprimentos em operações de respostas a desastres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-15)
Moreno, Alfredo Daniel Arteaga
;
Alem Junior, Douglas José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/074444826415006
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8809415112629602
The recent natural disasters around the world have shown the difficulties of the various organi- zations in effectively manage post-disaster operations. These difficulties reflect the complexity of the activities involved in those situations. Among the many decisions that must be made quickly in disaster situations, the location of relief centers and the distribution of supplies are essential to the survival of the affected community. On the other hand, operation as fleet sizing are also relevant since it is a scarce resource the available vehicles to perform the distribution of commodities. Although many studies in the literature have developed mathematical models to assist such decisions, few authors have integrated these decisions to get solutions that are more efficient. In the present work this integration is studied, they are developed mixed integer stochastic programming models to support location decisions, distribution and fleet sizing in a multi-period, multi-product and multi-modal context, and considering some uncertainties that are common in disasters, such as number of victims, availability of supplies, proportion of available inventory and arc availability. Also, it is considers the transportation time and social costs in the objective function. Decomposition heuristics were developed to solve large instances of the problem. Models and heuristics were analyzed based on the megadisaster in the Mountain Region of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in 2011. The results indicate that the developed mathematical models provide efficient solutions from a practical point of view and that the implemented heuristics are efficient to solve practical instances of the models
Modelagem de dados de sistemas reparáveis com fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-15)
Feitosa, Cirdêmia Costa
;
Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9062816668207162
The usual models in repairable systems are minimal, perfect and imperfect repair, and, in the literature, the minimum repair model is the most explored. In repairable systems it is common that the same type of components are studied and in these cases is relevant to verify the heterogeneity between them. According to Vaupel et al. (1979), the standard methods for analysis of repairable systems data ignore the heterogeneity not observed and in some cases this should be considered. Such variability can be estimated from frailty models, characterized by using a random e ect. It is proposed that the minimum repair model with frailty in order to estimate the heterogeneity not observed between systems. For this model it was conducted a simulation study in order to analyze the frequentist properties of the estimation process. The application of a real data set showed the applicability of the proposed model, in which the estimation of the parameters were determined from maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches.
Entre os documentos e as retomadas : movimentos da luta pelo território em Brejo dos Crioulos (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-15)
Costa, Pedro Henrique Mourthé de Araújo
;
Vianna, Anna Catarina Morawska
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245801371286766
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7997930341504935
It has been seventeen years of struggle since the opening of the legal procedures for the recognition of Brejo dos Crioulos - a community located in the Outback North Miner, on the border of three cities - São João da Ponte, Verdelâ ndia and Varzelâ ndia -, as a “quilombo remnant territory”. Victims of a violent territorial expropriation process since the mid-1930s, the quilombolas started retaking their territory in 1998, with confrontations inside and outside the quilombo with the aim of pushing forward the process of land titling. Due to the slowness of the State in dispossessing the farmers who have ocupied the region ilegally, the quilombolas haved used two strategies in their confrontations: the retomadas [land retaking] and the mobilization of a partners network and of documents - legal proceedings, reports, anthropological report, decrees, correspondence, notes, projects, inquiries and police inquiries - in different institutions and in various courts, featuring a bureaucratic universe that is actuated at various moment. This landscape of conflict is composed by an interweaving of various political forces. This dissertation deals with the various movements that make up the struggle for the territory in Brejo dos Crioulos, which was only recognized as a “quilombo remnant” by the Palmares Cultural Foundation (FCP) in 2004, by describing ethnographic encounters between the quilombolas, anthropology and State in the course of the titling process.
Uma abordagem para construção de sistemas fuzzy baseados em regras integrando conhecimento de especialistas e extraído de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-17)
Lima, Helano Póvoas de
;
Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4850820391832869
Historically, since Mamdani proposed his model of fuzzy rule-based system, a lot has changed in the construction process of this type of models. For a long time, the research efforts were directed towards the automatic construction of accurate models starting from data, making fuzzy systems almost mere function approximators. Realizing that this approach escaped from the original concept of fuzzy theory, more recently, researchers attention focused on the automatic construction of more interpretable models. However, such models, although interpretable, might not make sense to the expert. This work proposes an interactive methodology for constructing fuzzy rule-based systems, which aims to integrate the knowledge extracted from experts and induced from data, hoping to contribute to the solution of the mentioned problem. The approach consists of six steps. Feature selection, fuzzy partitions definition, expert rule base definition, genetic learning of rule base, rule bases conciliation and genetic optimization of fuzzy partitions. The optimization and learning steps used multiobjective genetic algorithms with custom operators for each task. A software tool was implemented to support the application of the approach, offering graphical and command line interfaces and a software library. The efficiency of the approach was evaluated by a case study where a fuzzy rule-based system was constructed in order to offer support to the evaluation of reproductive fitness of Nelore bulls. The result was compared to fully manual and fully automatic construction methodologies, the accuracy was also compared to classical algorithms for classification.