Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015-09-24"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 15739

Análise proteômica e morfológica em fígado de ratos submetidos à exposição ao chumbo e suplementados com ferro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-24)
Fernandes, Mileni da Silva
;
Buzalaf, Marília Afonso Rabelo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461505420218183
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1887340409738585
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal widely distributed in the environment, but it does not have any physiological role in the body. Due to its widespread use in the industry, it provides direct contamination of occupationally exposed people and, indirectly, through pollutants for the general. Thus, Pb contamination has become a public health problem. Studies have linked adverse health effects at low levels of Pb in the blood, even at concentrations below 10μg/dL. The effects range from cognitive impairment in children and peripheral neuropathy in adults, but there is little knowledge about its effects in the liver. It has been reported that iron (Fe) has a protective effect that can help in reducing the absorption of Pb in the body. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protein profile and morphology in the liver of rats intoxicated by lead acetate (Pb(C2H3O2)2) submitted simultaneously to supplementation with iron sulfate (FeSO4) at 20 mg/Kg body weight. For this, 36 weanling male rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6) and treated for 6 weeks. The control group received deionized water; the first experimental group received deionized water and a solution of FeSO4 every two days; two experimental groups received 100 mg/L Pb(C2H3O2)2 in the drinking water and one of them was supplemented with FeSO4 every two days; two groups received 400 mg/L Pb(C2H3O2)2 in the drinking water, and one of them was supplemented with FeSO4 every two days. After euthanasia, blood samples and liver were collected for the analysis of Pb concentration by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Also, liver samples were collected for proteomic analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis associated with MS (2D-PAGE-MS) and histomorphological analysis. The concentration of Pb in the blood and liver showed a dose-response effect with a reduction in 40-50% Pb in the groups supplemented with Fe (not significant). Histomorphological changes were observed in all intoxicated groups. Proteomic analysis identified 247 proteins with altered expression in relation to the control group. It was observed a decrease in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The reduction of these enzymes leads to an increase of free radicals in the liver tissue and consequently to an in increase the levels of lipid peroxidation. The peroxidation affects the secretion of lipoproteins, mainly their release from the Golgi complex, which may have contributed to the changes observed in other proteins. The presence of Pb in some spots was confirmed by atomic absorption analysis, and this may have resulted in conformational changes that activate the protein degradation machinery. Based on the results, the present study highlights the deleterious role of Pb in the liver even at low dosage, and although Fe was associated with a reduced absorption of Pb, the results suggest that it should not be used as a prevention strategy to reduce the intoxication by Pb, since itself led to changes in the pattern of protein expression.
Discurso político, derrisão e heterogeneidade dissimulada na mídia contemporânea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-25)
Araújo, Lígia Mara Boin Menossi de
;
Baronas, Roberto Leiser
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893136450669304
Cette thèse vise examiner la construction du discours politique dérisoire de quelques vidéos des politiques brésiliens dans le site YouTube, par moyen de l’Analyse du Discours franco-brésilienne. Pour ce faire nous avons choisi comme corpus des vidéo-montages dont les cibles de la dérision ont étés les politiques brésiliens Luiz Ignácio Lula da Silva et Dilma Roussef en tant que candidats aux élections présidentielles de 2006 et 2010, respectivement. Notre but a été de comprendre le pourquoi de la dérision portée sur eux. Cette dérision est partie évidemment des opposants des politiques cités : pour la transmettre, ils ont utilisé YouTube. Pour développer la recherche, nous avons puisé dans la notion d’hétérogénéité énonciative de Jacqueline Authier-Revuz (1990, 1998, 2004), qui est étudiée dans le Programme de Recherche en Analyse du Discours de l’UFSCar/Brésil, depuis sa parution, à la fin des années 70. Le concept en question s’est revèlé un outil de grande valeur pour notre recherche. Nous l’avons pris comme point de départ afin d’entamer une réflexion entre le discours e ses Autres constitutifs qui agissent dans le champs de l’humour politique. La notion d’hétérogénéité constitutive montrée et marquée (formulation dérivée de l’hétérogénéité énonciative) se prête bien aux recherches centrées sur des corpora politiques sérieux – par exemple, ceux qui sont véhiculés par des documents écrits, tels que la presse, les livres et les hebdomadaires. Mais, en ce qui concerne les corpora politiques non-sérieux divulgués par des sites à l’accès facile comme celui d’YouTube, site qui permet la réalisation des vidéo-montages, la notion première d’hétérogénéité de J.Authier-Revuz mérite d’être reconfigurée. Dans les cas où il est question de la présence d’un autre satirique, moqueur, qui s’insère dans le fil du discours du « je » parlant, nous voyons les aspects railleurs de ce type de discours dissimulés dans un interdiscours. Ainsi, pour étudier ou faire une réflexion sur la dérision des hommes et des femmes politiques, par moyens des vidéos-montages véhiculées par des sites comme YouTube, il faut qu’on songe à élargir la notion d’hétérogénéité et, surtout, à la considérer comme hétérogénéité dissimulée (BARONAS, 2005). Ainsi, nous avons analysé notre objet d’étude en entremêlant la description et l’interprétation, soit: nous avons réalisé une description détaillée de la matérialité linguistique, imagétique et sonore des textes sélectionnés et, en même temps, nous avons étudié la façon par laquelle ces matérialités conçoivent et interprètent les événements politiques qui circulent dans le site YouTube. Cela a été notre objet de recherche. Finalement nous avons pu vérifier la présence de l’hétérogénéité et son action dans le fil du discours dérisoire quand il avait des attaques qui rehaussaient la soi-disant incompétence ou l’alcoolisme de Lula ou l'inaptitude et la dépendance de Dilma par rapport à Lula. Ces discours ont été attestés par le moyen du discours Autre et ont été légitimés dans le lieu d’un hors- discours, d’un interdiscours articulé à d’autres sémioses – comme l’image et la bande sonore des vidéos-montages- et là ils se sont présentés de façon dissimulée.
Permeabilidade de filmes plásticos com nanopartículas de prata utilizados na armazenagem de morangos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-25)
Carmelo, Luis Gustavo Paulino
;
Corrêa, Daniel Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
;
Ferreira, Marcos David
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6652079760634274
Due to the high postharvest losses of fruit and vegetable, the development of new technologies, aiming to reduce losses and maintain quality has greatly increased. Improved packaging can bring great benefits to the whole production chain, including enhancing shelf life, ensuring quality, and increasing product sale potential. It is important to know each packaging material properties, such as the barrier properties. Moreover, recognizing and evaluating the potential use of new technologies, such as adding metallic nanoparticles to the materials used in packaging production, can improve their properties and contribute to reduce the high postharvest losses. This research aimed to develop a simple and effective method for evaluating permeability of plastic films containing silver nanoparticles used for food storage, as well as to evaluate their permeability in regular storage conditions. To determine the permeability of plastic films, permeation chambers were designed and constructed. Those chambers allow both the gas exchange through a plastic film and permeability measurements for each specific film. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films, with and without silver nanoparticle (NpAg) addition, were evaluated. The as-prepared permeation chambers were also used to evaluate the plastic film permeability during storage of strawberries. The results evidence that the permeation chambers as well as the developed method for measuring the permeability are efficient and convenient. Such chambers can also be used for many types of polymeric films. Likewise, the developed method for evaluating the permeability in storage conditions of fruits and vegetables is effective; thus, it can assist for planning modified atmosphere packaging applied to different produces. The difference found in permeability values of the tested films under storage conditions was up to 50% when compared to the values obtained under experimental conditions. However, there were no significant permeability differences in films with NpAg when compared to films without that additive.
Rede de transgênicos e combate à fome no Brasil : um estudo de caso sobre a rede RENORBIO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-27)
Sobral, Vivianne Caroline Santos
;
Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0209133621640634
Assuming that the use of (GMOs) in agriculture is controversial, this paper discusses one of the strongest reasons in favor of such technology: as a mean to combat hunger. To assess this joint between transgenesis and combat hunger, the RENORBIO’s researchers network (“Rede de Biotecnologia do Nordeste” - Biotechnology Network in the Northeast) has been selected to this study for stating “the use of bioscience advances to reduce hunger "as one of its interests. The present work presents a sociological point of view on the advancement of technology in agriculture, seeking to understand the progression of GM farming in crops from some reading about modern techniques. Then the question of risk and how it is produced nowadays is discussed, and, after that, the Agroecology is presented as an alternative to transgenic agricultural management. Only then, the fight against hunger is questioned, as something controversial, whose solution options depend on different worldviews. Finally, are presented some major explanations of RENORBIO, its allies, its articulations and their researches on transgenesis.
Os documentários musicais brasileiros : uma análise do filme Nelson Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-28)
Amaral, Guilherme Gustav Stolzel
;
Miranda, Suzana Reck
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8566012598222563
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2459914319882874
This dissertation aims to analyze the documentary Nelson Freire seeking to explore the main aspects that distinguish this work from most of the musical documentaries made in Brazil between the years of 2000 and 2013. The peculiarities of Nelson Freire were detected and problematized establishing a dialogue between the film and three of the major trends that integrate the contemporary Brazilian scene of documentaries about music: the trend of record of intimacy and the everyday life, the trend of musical performance, and the biographical trend.
Synthesis of new cocrystal solid form of fluconazole-fumaric acid
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-29)
Owoyemi, Bolaji Charles Dayo
;
Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2811381246113757
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multicomponent crystalline solids comprised of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and one or more co-formers interacting through hydrogen bonding or other weak interactions like the π-stack and van der Waals interactions. Fluconazole (FLZ) is a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. It is also used to prevent and treat meningitis. Cocrystallization is an alternative approach for enhancement of drug. It can be performed using neat grinding, solvent assisted grinding, solvent evaporation, cooling evaporation and slurry cocrystallization. In this work, a new cocrystal Fluconazol-Fumaric acid monohydrate was synthesized via 1:1 stoichiometric amount of FLZ and FUM at different conditions. The characterization of the synthesized cocrystals was achieved using Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results obtained for the characterization of the samples showed some obvious differences among the spectra, diffractograms and thermograms. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the new structure shows a cocrystal where the fluconazole molecules are attached to the fumaric acid and water molecules respectively through hydrogen bonds, gave unique cell dimensions for an assumed structure C17H18F2N6O6 with a space group of P21/n, a = 17.053(3) Å, b = 5.5995(10), c=21.154(3), α = 90°, β=105.418(4)°, γ= 90°, V = 1947.3(6) Å3. This work is the first to report a monohydrate cocrystal structure of fluconazole and fumaric acid.
Psicanálise Existencial, Existencialismo e História : a dimensão sócio-material e a autenticidade no processo da construção de si
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-29)
Moura, Carlos Eduardo de
;
Monzani, Luiz Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919710226746652
Toute existence implique deux structures déterminantes dans un processus subjectif: la temporalité et l'historicité. Le "temps humain" est connu historiquement et, par conséquent, il est nécessaire d'investir dans les potentialités de la subjectivité sans négliger l'individu sous le «poids» de l'histoire. La psychanalyse existentielle, l'existentialisme sartrien et le concept de l'histoire – couvrant les aventures philosophiques de Sartre dans L'être et le néant (EN), dans les Cahiers pour une morale (CM), dans les Questions de méthode (QM) et dans le L'idiote de la famille (IF) – permettra d'établir les chemins nécessaires pour comprendre une singularité concrète dans la perspective de la relation universelle-singulier: ce est la relation entre l'individu et la société comme l'expérience de la sociabilité. Ce sujet sera perçu comme un universel singularisé, universel concrétisé (incorporé) dans une singularité concrète, auto-constituée et constitué par la réalité de leur environnement. Comprendre la subjectivité est comprendre le processus de personnalisation, identifiant subjectivité et liberté pour que l'individu ne soit jamais une chose, mais une liberté donnée pour le prisme de l'action. Je ne penserai pas ici le sujet comme « entité subjective » (substance pensante), mais considérerai l'homme sur la perspective d'un processus de subjectivation, d’une liberté existant en acte (libre) visant un but qu’il désire réaliser (concrètement, dans le monde ). 5 Le " processus de personnalisation" est acte libre – il n'y a pas comme le sujet ne parviennent pas à agir – la personalization est mouvement (tension, action) et engagement avant des situations objectives. C’est dans ce sens que le sujet sera demandé de prendre une position avant des «résistances» que le monde offre à sa liberté. Le monde, étant «celui par lequel le choix de la liberté devient, pour la liberté, destin », existera comme un en-soi, mais en relation avec le pour-soi, acquérant de sens, signification et valeur. Il sera le sujet dans la présence des faits – par la médiation des représentations de ces faits – sans qu'il devient inessentiel devant eux: l'homme est l'être dont l'apparition fait qu’un monde existe et même l'imitation intérieure de l'extériorité, même l’aliénation , ils suposse la liberté. Le pour-soi, être dans le monde et désir d'être, el cherchera à instaurer en soi-même une « immobilité » ("stabilité", "inertie", "identité", "ἕξισ"), c’est-à-dire une particularité (singularité concrète) impliquant la complexité de l’universel et se devinant, devant elle, inerte: l'individu sera la synthèse vivante de l'universel qui, à son tour, le «déterminera» (projet inauthentique, mauvaise-foi). Dans ce contexte, parler de l'intériorisation et de l'extériorisation, nous allons trouver un problème: l’extériorisation se donnera par une praxis systématisé (institutionnalisé – système normatif –, structurée socialement, politiquement et économiquement). Ainsi, la psychanalyse existentielle (comme un moyen, discipline auxiliaire, instrument), l'existentialisme sartrien et l'Histoire iront construire l'image d'un sujet qui s’efforcera de se saisir à soi-même au-delà de l’ἕξις, ou plutôt à construire l'image d’un sujet (autonome et authentique) qui sera compris dans le mouvement dialectique entre les deux pôles indissociables: la liberté et la détermination. Cette relation dialectique entre le passé et la constitution de l'avenir traduira le caractère dialectique de la situation dans la relation fondamentale entre êtres humains qui se realisent dialectiquement dans le monde de la matière humanisée. Il sera, enfin, la psychanalyse existentielle qui encouragera le sujet a passer de l’ἕξις à la praxis et de penser sa singularité concrète comme «essentiel» et ne fait pas disparaître ce vécu réel quand il connaître ou percevoir (perpétuellement) son soi: la matérialité du monde et l'Histoire ne pourront pas anéantir les vécus. De cette manière, nous ne désirons pas, au moins, de préparer une société fondée sur la auto-domestication de l'homme, mais sur sa souveraineté.
PNAIC: uma análise crítica das concepções de alfabetização presentes nos cadernos de formação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-29)
Melo, Eliane Pimentel Camillo Barra Nova de
;
Marques, Sílvio César Moral
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047434055828372
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3191623017362668
This study aims to reveal the submerged ideologies in the discourse of teacher education notebooks of 1st year of Primary Education of the National Pact for Literacy at the Right Age (PNAIC) in order to understand what is their conception of literacy, its didactic-pedagogical proposal and its concept of formation of literacy teachers. It is characterized as a qualitative research, in which was used a PNAIC notebooks’ documental analysis intended for the formation of teachers of 1st year. Through a critical reading based on the socio-historical perspective, it can unveil that the PNAIC sought to spread the perspective of literacy, which made in an obscure and confused way, endorsing different theoretical perspectives such as constructivism and sociohistorical, indistinctly, the only clearness observed was the dismissal of the literacy process of its social, political and ideological aspects, limiting it to the simple technique of reading and writing, linked to the phonic method. The didactic-pedagogical proposals restricted itself to the use of social circulation texts dissected into its smallest parts, syllables and letters, in order to develop the phonological awareness. The intended teacher formation by the PNAIC aims the technical improvement, that is, its intention is to form a performer professor of governmental determinations, technically efficient and politically harmless who knows and uses according to superior prescriptions the materials available by MEC, as well as take the responsibility for achieving educational indexes imposed by external evaluations that were amplified, reaching the children of the literacy cycle.
A matemática das Philosophische Bemerkungen: Wittgenstein no contexto da Grundlagenkrise
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-29)
Nakano, Anderson Luis
;
Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5835664361839261
This thesis provides a reading and interpretation of Wittgenstein’s writings on mathematics at the beginning of his “middle period” (more precisely, at the “mathematical chapters” of Philosophische Bemerkungen), placing these writings in the context of two crises. The first, internal to his thought, consists of inconsistencies regarding what the Tractatus prescribed as the result of the application of logic and the effective logical analysis of certain domains of reality, which characterized, in Wittgenstein’s view, a crisis in the foundations of logic. On the other hand, controversies about the foundations of mathematics were intensified throughout the 1920s, and debates between three schools who attempted to impose their way not only of conceiving mathematics, but also of doing it, became increasingly frequent. This crisis, also called Grundlagenkrise der Mathematik, is an important historical and conceptual background for these early writings immediately after Wittgenstein’s return to philosophy in 1929. If in the Tractatus Wittgenstein had positioned himself only with regard to Frege’s and Russell’s logicism, in these writtings he tries in his own way to contrast his thought with the prevailing trends of his time: the intuicionism of Brouwer and Weyl, Hilbert’s formalism and, finally, Ramsey’s renewed logicism. This thesis develops, in its concluding Chapter, a reflection on Wittgenstein’s posture with respect to these three classical schools and with respect to the problems faced by them.
Uma análise comportamental da inteligência : possibilidades de intervenção e diálogos com a psicometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Rabelo, Laura Zamot
;
Roche, Bryan
;
Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8073723161368032
Psychometrics began with the investigation of individual differences in the 19th century. Initially, the differences were attributed to sensory acuity; however, soon they were replaced by the mental faculties. Since then, many theories, models and different types of assessment were proposed to enable a better understanding of what is called intelligence. Currently, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll intelligence model is the most widely used and includes the contributions from different theorists in the area. Behaviour Analysts did not consider intelligence an object of study because they regarded it as a mentalistic entity. Additionally, behaviour analysts criticised many crucial elements of Psychometrics such as the use of tests to assess intelligence and statistical criteria to establish behavioural criteria. However, when Stimulus Equivalence Theory and Relational Frame Theory emerged, it became possible to interpret and study language, complex behaviour and cognitive processes as stimulus relations. As correlations between relational tasks performances and the IQ were provided by different tests, Cassidy, Roche e Hayes (2011) investigated whether a relational training could enhance intellectual functioning. These authors found significant improvements in IQ in 12 year-olds following a relational training involving sameness, opposition and comparison relations. The present study replicated Cassidy et al. (2011) with 11 participants ranging from 6 to 9 years, adapting the procedure accordingly to their needs. Only one child was able to finish the training, almost one and a half years after started training. Most children improved their IQ scores; nevertheless, improvements shown by the participants from the experimental condition were equivalent to the ones presented by children from the control condition. The procedure was too complex for younger participants. Future studies should assess and train prerequisite repertoires for relational training, as well as promote alterations in the training structure. Correlation analyses between relational task performance and the intelligence assessment scores were run and results corroborated the literature. The number of sessions and stimulus sets of the contextual cue training were correlated with verbal measures from WISC-III, showing a relationship between relational repertoires and language. A preliminary behavioural interpretation of intellectual abilities described in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model was proposed, which should be seen as first steps toward planning new relational training protocols which might contain critical features to improve cognitive functioning. Despite their relevance, terminological, theoretical and philosophical differences between Psychometrics and Behaviour Analysis were not in the centre of our analysis. The main objective was to promote a dialogue between both areas. The interchange between them may help in the planning of effective interventions, which is the ultimate goal for both of them.
Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida : a gestão local na implantação das “habitações de interesse social”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Salvadeo, André Ricardo Arão
;
Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0321751809234607
After a brief presentation about landmarks of housing in Brazil, this paper discusses the problems involving the design and implantation of PMCMV since the beginning of its implementation in 2009. At that time, in face of global crisis which was ranging, it was decided to launch the program before its complete enhancement, which may explain, in part, some of its shortcomings, particularly those which relate to aspects of their local management, in the context of municipalities. From a general presentation on the local management process operation (or implementation) of PMCMV, the focus is on the Gross Income I of the Program. From this, a question is raised: how were local actors organized and how did they put into practice the implementation of what had been designed at the Federal level? Aiming to answer this question, a case-study methodology was used, adopting as data collection exploratory interviews. The enterprises located in Bauru, in the Midwest of the state of Sao Paulo, were defined as samples of this study, limiting the interviews of representatives of the Executive and Legislative Power and employees connected to one of the Financial Authorities responsible for financing the PMCMV.
Sentidos e significados da alfabetização e letramento de adultos com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Alencar, Gizeli Aparecida Ribeiro de
;
Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4558923397029198
Política externa, partidos políticos e relações executivo/legislativo nas democracias presidencialistas do Brasil e do Chile
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Pasquarelli, Bruno Vicente Lippe
;
Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0598322092154820
This study analyzed the decision-making process in foreign policy from the presidential messages sent by the Executive Branch to the National Congress, examining comparatively the center-left governments of the Workers Party (2003-2010) in Brazil, and the Socialist Party (2000-2009) in Chile, investigating how the decision-making process of international acts may be the object of legislative and partisan action and, most important, that is subject to conflict/consensus between government and opposition from the ideological structure of coalitions that affects the negotiation of the agreement at the international level and especially in domestic context. Therefore, the ideological factor present in coalitions is a variable that affects the decision-making process in foreign policy. The higher the ideological heterogeneity and the size of the coalition, the greater the partisan conflict in foreign policy. On the other hand, the greater the ideological homogeneity and the smaller the size of the coalition, the lower the partisan conflict in international acts. In Chile, the role of the Socialist Party in foreign policy, based on the continuity of international integration paradigms, occurred in an environment marked by moderation and by partisan commitment and building consensus around government objectives, namely, trade agreements and free trade agreements, emphasizing the partnership with Latin America. The party activity in this way was guided by consensus, with few changes in trade agreements and FTA's, seeking to speed up the decision-making process of international acts. In Brazil, in turn, the Workers Parties undertook to form broad and heterogeneous coalitions and not as stable as the Chilean ones, considering various partisan and ideological preferences and increasing therefore the conflicted component of the decision-making process showing the largest internal ideological fight, in the coalition, and external, in relation to the opposition parties. In short, due to the importance of the domestic component in international agreements, the findings of this study are important to articulate an explanation of the reasons why countries administered by center-left political parties to act differently/similarly in foreign policy, considering previous governments and even the countries themselves in similar periods, because there were important differences between the two styles of government, considering the overall and partisan objectives in foreign policy of each one, as well as the composition and ideological preferences of the government coalition government.
Caracterização e desenvolvimento de indicadores de sustentabilidade para os sistemas de produção de cana-de-açúcar na região Centro-Sul do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Zorzo, Catiana Regina Brumatti
;
Trevelin, Luis Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
;
Jesus, Katia Regina Evaristo de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4652129296557267
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, and the most productive region of the country in the Center-South. The planted area is approximately 9 million hectares and growing demand for ethanol in recent years, mainly for export, contributed to new expansion areas. In order to increase productivity in those areas, new technologies have been incorporated into the stages of planning, planting and harvesting. In contrast, importing countries have established social and environmental sustainability criteria aimed at ensuring that fuel produced in handheld operating conditions of work and harmful to the environment were introduced in their markets. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the most representative of sugarcane production systems of Center- South region of the country, while the specific objectives were to identify the agronomic, environmental and social characteristics of this system, formulate indicators from literature and validate with experts so that they could assist and direct the establishment of sustainability in the production of the raw material of ethanol. The methodology consists in: 1. Survey of relevant information to different sugarcane production systems in Center-South; 2. Validation of the information with the help of academic experts; 3. Formulation the indicators from the literature and; 4. Validate of the indicators with the help of academics and industry experts. The results were to characterize systems low, medium, high and very high adhesion to technology and have been validated 53 indicators that can assist in judging the sustainability of sugarcane production systems in major producer Brazil.
Multivariate Copula-based SUR Tobit Models : a modified inference function for margins and interval estimation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Silva, Paulo Henrique Ferreira da
;
Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8538524597034643
In this thesis, we extend the analysis of multivariate Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) Tobit models by modeling their nonlinear dependence structures through copulas. The capability in coupling together the diferent - and possibly non-normal - marginal distributions allows the exible modeling for the SUR Tobit models. In addition, the ability to capture the tail dependence of the SUR Tobit models where some data are censored (e.g., in econometric analysis, clinical essays, wide range of political and social phenomena, among others, data are commonly left-censored at zero point, or right-censored at a point d > 0) is another useful feature of copulas. Our study proposes a modified version of the (classical) Inference Function for Margins (IFM) method by Joe & Xu (1996), which we refer to as MIFM method, to obtain the (point) estimates of the marginal and copula association parameters. More specifically, we use a (frequentist) data augmentation technique at the second stage of the IFM method (the first stage of the MIFM method is equivalent to the first stage of the IFM method) to generate the censored observations and then estimate the copula parameter. This procedure (data augmentation and copula parameter estimation) is repeated until convergence. Such modification at the second stage of the usual method is justified in order to obtain continuous marginal distributions, which ensures the uniqueness of the resulting copula, as stated by Sklar (1959)'s theorem; and also to provide an unbiased estimate of the copula association parameter (the IFM method provides a biased estimate of the copula parameter in the presence of censored observations in the margins). Since the usual asymptotic approach, that is the computation of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the parameter estimates, is troublesome in this case, we also propose the use of resampling procedures (bootstrap methods, like standard normal and percentile by Efron & Tibshirani (1993), and basic bootstrap by Davison & Hinkley (1997)) to obtain con_dence intervals for the copula-based SUR Tobit model parameters.
Craqueamento de hidrocarbonetos naftênicos sobre zeólitas HZSM-12 modificadas – rendimento e seletividade a olefinas leves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Silva Júnior, José Roberto da
;
Gonzalez, Ernesto Antonio Urquieta
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9155018463349682
It was studied the catalytic performance of ZSM-12 zeolites modified by desilication in the cracking of naphthenic hydrocarbons. ZSM-12 zeolites with nominal a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio were synthesized during 96 or 144 h under hydrothermal conditions and the obtained zeolites were treated with NaOH solutions under different conditions. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 physisorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and infrared spectroscopy (Py-FTIR). The treatment with NaOH solutions under mild conditions was more effective for the ZSM-12 zeolite synthesized during 96 h. For the HZ12-96-0,2 sample, obtained by treatment at 35 °C with 0.2 mol.L-1 NaOH solution during 15 min, it was verified an increase in the external surface area and the formation of mesopores in the range of 2 to 14 nm. On that zeolite occurred a higher yields to light olefins during the cracking of cyclohexane at 400 °C and also in the cracking of methyl and ethylcyclohexane at 450 °C. This result was mainly related to the higher density of acid sites exhibited by the HZ12-96-0,2 zeolite compared with the parent ZSM-12 one, as consequence of the applied alkaline treatment. It was also verified that the ZSM-12 zeolites modified by more severe alkaline treatment (0.5 or 1.0 mol.L-1 NaOH solution at 80 °C for 30 min) presented significant increase of the external surface area and mesopores volume. The catalytic cracking of cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane at 500 °C, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of the MZ12-96-0,5 zeolite enhanced the formation of light olefins. The highest yield to light olefins was obtained on that zeolite during the cracking of ethylcyclohexane, which increased 9% when compared with the yield obtained on the not modified HZSM-12 zeolite. The selectivity to light olefins on the studied HZSM-12 zeolites was strongly influenced by presence of a side chain in the naphthenic ring (methyl or ethyl), as well as by the employed cracking operating conditions.
O Programa de Medidas Socioeducativas em Meio Aberto : educação ou reprodução do aprendizado da rua?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-01)
Quinelatto, Rubia Fernanda
;
Silva Junior, João dos Reis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7470123176068422
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4287100388497418
This research focuses on looking at the life trajectory of young people in conflict with the law living in the county of São Paulo-SP, which introduces new forms of performance of socially marginalized youths, questioning stereotypes that associate youth action violence, transgression, drugs, trafficking, political indifference, resignation for alleged public space and school. The focus is to dialogue with the stories of life young in conflict with the law in seeking to understand what meaning they attach to the offender act, for it were asked 15 young collaborators for interviews within the Program Socio-Educational measures in Half Open. The life stories narrated by young in conflict with the law were initially transcribed verbatim, and subsequently textualized finally transcriadas. The theoretical and methodological rationale was based on studies by José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, coordinator of the Center for Studies in Oral History of USP (NEHO). The research used pivotably Oral History of Life and thematic oral history, highlighting the stories of fragments young with the aim of understanding the social context to which they belong, playing educational processes seized, the place for the school and informal work. The transcreation allows inaugurate a process of creation and dialogue with lives (re)created in narratives. Thus, the main theorists were prioritized Michel Maffesoli, Áurea Maria Guimarães, Marisa Feffermann, José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, Alberto Lins Caldas. Such authors show the uniqueness of the stories of lives that are intertwined with other stories within practices, historically and culturally developed, providing new forms of relationship. The street learning stands out as a possible way for these young people as a result of numerous failures of public policies.
Avaliação da conectividade de remanescentes de vegetação nativa em matriz agrícola, considerando os índices ecológicos para aves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-01)
Matos, Tatiana Possati Vieira de
;
Valente, Roberta Averna
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3937188250776503
The replacement of natural cover, by other land-uses, associate with the forest fragmentation process can result in the decrease of forest connectivity in the landscapes. The diagnosis of landscape structure, through the landscape ecology metrics, intende to direct the restoration activities and the evaluation of forest connectivity. The study aimed at the evaluation of forest connectivity in the the National Forest (FLONA) Capão Bonito and its surrounding area, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We produced a land-use/land-cover map, through supervised digital classification, and calculated the landscape metrics (patch and class level) for study area. Selected metrics (Area, ENN and Shape) were used in the production of sustainability index (SI). The forest patches were classified in levels of priority for forest restauration, through SI. In order to identify the forest connectivity was calculated the Integral Index Connectivity (IIC) and we realized the redundancy analysis (RDA), the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple regression. Detection was performed by the bird fixed points method and the composition of bird community was obtained through the abundance of species. The diversity index of Shannon Weaver (H ') and species richness was calculated. The land-use/land-cover map indicated that the landscape´s matrix is agriculture, with native forests occupying only 24.45%. The main focuses of forest restoration are the fragments associated with the highest values of SI, because they can guarantee the maintenance and/or the restoration of biodiversity. It was obtained that the IIC =1.000 m influenced in the variance of the birds community and, the shape metric was the main factor that influenced in the composition, richness and diversity of birds. We concluded that is possible to evaluate the connectivity axes using avufauna. The RDA permits the identification of maximum spread for birds. The shape of forest fragments is one of the main factors, influencing in bird community because it is relate with edge effect and forest landscape connectivity. The SI is a simple and effective method for express the priority patches for forest restoration.
A influência da estrutura de paisagens agrícolas nos índices de diversidade de aves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-01)
Matos, Veridiana Possati Vieira de
;
Valente, Roberta Averna
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1163848275194339
Habitat loss and fragmentation are currently the main causes of the global extinctions, caused mostly by replacing of the native vegetation by different land-uses. The graph theory supports the understanding of the landscapes, considering the permeability of land-uses/land-covers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the landscape spatial patterns, in this case National Forest (FLONA) of Capão Bonito and buffer zone, in the bird diversity. We defined 80 collection points in the four levels of forest connectivity, previously defined in the landscape, which were visited five times. The “fix point” method was used for species detection, with 10 minutes for sampled time. We calculated Shannon Wiener diversity index (H '), Abundance Index values (IPA), richness in order to evaluate changes in the bird community, besides the classification of species by trophic categories. The land-uses/landcover were grouped into MNA (Forest); FP (pine, araucaria and eucalyptus) and AGRP (agriculture and pasture). We evaluated the similarity among this groups, considering the IPA and species numbers, through non-metric multidimensional scaling graphics (NMDS). According the analysis there was similarity between MNA and FP, which are heterogeneous, increasing the stability for birds at the landscape scale. Although, the dissimilarity obtained for AGRIP is consequence of the land-use be a homogeneous environment, with less diversity of resources. The evaluation of the matrix permeability was analyzed from the perspective of graph theory, using the Connectivity Integral Index (IIC), redundancy analysis (RDA) of NMDS and multiple regression. The IIC was generated for two situations: with the impedance values (IICc) and without (ICCe). We defined the follow resistance values: 30% for agriculture and 60% for pasture. The permeability analysis indicated agriculture as land-use with the most influence in the bird community variance. So, we concluded that the less complex sites has the less diversity and species richness than the sites more complexes.
Participação dos neurônios catecolaminérgicos do tronco encefálico no controle respiratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-02)
Patrone, Luis Gustavo Alexandre
;
Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833369074938340
It is well know that the respiratory network, undergoes significant development in the postnatal period. Among various processes, the maturing of the catecholaminergic (CA) system shows to be an important factor in the control and modulation of respiratory rhythmogenesis. Studies have also shown that these neurons are widely distributed in the Central Nervous System (CNS), including the A1/C1, A2/C2, C3, A5, A6 and A7 regions, having numerous projections to many regions of the brain. However, the development of respiratory network as well as its effect on the control of ventilation, is not yet fully understood. Thus, understanding the participation of CA neurons in the respiratory control during postnatal development is of most importance for a better understanding of some clinical disorders including Rett Syndrome, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of CA neurons in the brainstem on respiratory control in normoxic normocapnic, hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions during the postnatal period of male and female neonatal rats, through chemical injury with conjugated saporin anti-dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH-SAP). Thus, DBH-SAP (42 ng/100 nL – 1L), saporin (SAP – 1L) or phosphate buffered solution vehicle (PBS, 0.01M, pH 7.4 – 1L) were injected into the 4th ventricle in male and female neonates Wistar rats P0-1. Pulmonary ventilation ( EV ) was recorded in unanesthetized neonates (P7-8) by pressure plethysmography during normocapnia, hypercapnia (7% CO2) and hypoxia (10% O2) at 10 and 20 min after the start of exposure. Our data demonstrate that lesion of brainstem CA neurons increased ventilation in males and females newborn under room air conditions. In addition, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia was significantly reduced in male (57%) and female (55%) lesioned neonatal rats (Male – SAP group: 212.8 ± 7.0; PBS group: 203.9 ± 10.3; lesioned group: 151.1 ± 7.4; P < 0,001; Female – SAP group: 218.2 ± 10.4; PBS group: 200.0 ± 6.4; lesioned group: 154.0 ± 9.6; P < 0,001; all values relative to % of baseline). Also, a similar reduction was observed in the hypoxic condition (Male – SAP group: 185.2 ± 15.3; PBS group: 167.4 ± 5.0; lesioned group: 110.8 ± 9.2; P < 0,001; Female – SAP group: 197.3 ± 11.8; PBS group: 179.5 ± 13.7; lesioned: 129.4 ± 5.9; P < 0,001; all values relative to % of baseline). Additionally, the values for metabolic rate of control and lesioned groups, both males and females, did not differ significantly, whether in normoxic normocapnic, hypercapnic or hypoxic conditions. These results suggest that brainstem CA neurons exert a tonic inhibitory role in neonatal ventilation and promote an important excitatory modulation in CO2 and O2 chemosensitivity in unanesthetized males and females neonatal rats (P7-8).