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Uma análise comportamental da inteligência : possibilidades de intervenção e diálogos com a psicometria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Rabelo, Laura Zamot
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Roche, Bryan
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8073723161368032
Psychometrics began with the investigation of individual differences in the 19th century. Initially, the differences were attributed to sensory acuity; however, soon they were replaced by the mental faculties. Since then, many theories, models and different types of assessment were proposed to enable a better understanding of what is called intelligence. Currently, the Cattell-Horn-Carroll intelligence model is the most widely used and includes the contributions from different theorists in the area. Behaviour Analysts did not consider intelligence an object of study because they regarded it as a mentalistic entity. Additionally, behaviour analysts criticised many crucial elements of Psychometrics such as the use of tests to assess intelligence and statistical criteria to establish behavioural criteria. However, when Stimulus Equivalence Theory and Relational Frame Theory emerged, it became possible to interpret and study language, complex behaviour and cognitive processes as stimulus relations. As correlations between relational tasks performances and the IQ were provided by different tests, Cassidy, Roche e Hayes (2011) investigated whether a relational training could enhance intellectual functioning. These authors found significant improvements in IQ in 12 year-olds following a relational training involving sameness, opposition and comparison relations. The present study replicated Cassidy et al. (2011) with 11 participants ranging from 6 to 9 years, adapting the procedure accordingly to their needs. Only one child was able to finish the training, almost one and a half years after started training. Most children improved their IQ scores; nevertheless, improvements shown by the participants from the experimental condition were equivalent to the ones presented by children from the control condition. The procedure was too complex for younger participants. Future studies should assess and train prerequisite repertoires for relational training, as well as promote alterations in the training structure. Correlation analyses between relational task performance and the intelligence assessment scores were run and results corroborated the literature. The number of sessions and stimulus sets of the contextual cue training were correlated with verbal measures from WISC-III, showing a relationship between relational repertoires and language. A preliminary behavioural interpretation of intellectual abilities described in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll model was proposed, which should be seen as first steps toward planning new relational training protocols which might contain critical features to improve cognitive functioning. Despite their relevance, terminological, theoretical and philosophical differences between Psychometrics and Behaviour Analysis were not in the centre of our analysis. The main objective was to promote a dialogue between both areas. The interchange between them may help in the planning of effective interventions, which is the ultimate goal for both of them.
Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida : a gestão local na implantação das “habitações de interesse social”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Salvadeo, André Ricardo Arão
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Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0321751809234607
After a brief presentation about landmarks of housing in Brazil, this paper discusses the problems involving the design and implantation of PMCMV since the beginning of its implementation in 2009. At that time, in face of global crisis which was ranging, it was decided to launch the program before its complete enhancement, which may explain, in part, some of its shortcomings, particularly those which relate to aspects of their local management, in the context of municipalities. From a general presentation on the local management process operation (or implementation) of PMCMV, the focus is on the Gross Income I of the Program. From this, a question is raised: how were local actors organized and how did they put into practice the implementation of what had been designed at the Federal level? Aiming to answer this question, a case-study methodology was used, adopting as data collection exploratory interviews. The enterprises located in Bauru, in the Midwest of the state of Sao Paulo, were defined as samples of this study, limiting the interviews of representatives of the Executive and Legislative Power and employees connected to one of the Financial Authorities responsible for financing the PMCMV.
Sentidos e significados da alfabetização e letramento de adultos com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Alencar, Gizeli Aparecida Ribeiro de
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4558923397029198
Política externa, partidos políticos e relações executivo/legislativo nas democracias presidencialistas do Brasil e do Chile
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Pasquarelli, Bruno Vicente Lippe
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0598322092154820
This study analyzed the decision-making process in foreign policy from the presidential messages sent by the Executive Branch to the National Congress, examining comparatively the center-left governments of the Workers Party (2003-2010) in Brazil, and the Socialist Party (2000-2009) in Chile, investigating how the decision-making process of international acts may be the object of legislative and partisan action and, most important, that is subject to conflict/consensus between government and opposition from the ideological structure of coalitions that affects the negotiation of the agreement at the international level and especially in domestic context. Therefore, the ideological factor present in coalitions is a variable that affects the decision-making process in foreign policy. The higher the ideological heterogeneity and the size of the coalition, the greater the partisan conflict in foreign policy. On the other hand, the greater the ideological homogeneity and the smaller the size of the coalition, the lower the partisan conflict in international acts. In Chile, the role of the Socialist Party in foreign policy, based on the continuity of international integration paradigms, occurred in an environment marked by moderation and by partisan commitment and building consensus around government objectives, namely, trade agreements and free trade agreements, emphasizing the partnership with Latin America. The party activity in this way was guided by consensus, with few changes in trade agreements and FTA's, seeking to speed up the decision-making process of international acts. In Brazil, in turn, the Workers Parties undertook to form broad and heterogeneous coalitions and not as stable as the Chilean ones, considering various partisan and ideological preferences and increasing therefore the conflicted component of the decision-making process showing the largest internal ideological fight, in the coalition, and external, in relation to the opposition parties. In short, due to the importance of the domestic component in international agreements, the findings of this study are important to articulate an explanation of the reasons why countries administered by center-left political parties to act differently/similarly in foreign policy, considering previous governments and even the countries themselves in similar periods, because there were important differences between the two styles of government, considering the overall and partisan objectives in foreign policy of each one, as well as the composition and ideological preferences of the government coalition government.
Caracterização e desenvolvimento de indicadores de sustentabilidade para os sistemas de produção de cana-de-açúcar na região Centro-Sul do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Zorzo, Catiana Regina Brumatti
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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Jesus, Katia Regina Evaristo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4652129296557267
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane in the world, and the most productive region of the country in the Center-South. The planted area is approximately 9 million hectares and growing demand for ethanol in recent years, mainly for export, contributed to new expansion areas. In order to increase productivity in those areas, new technologies have been incorporated into the stages of planning, planting and harvesting. In contrast, importing countries have established social and environmental sustainability criteria aimed at ensuring that fuel produced in handheld operating conditions of work and harmful to the environment were introduced in their markets. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the most representative of sugarcane production systems of Center- South region of the country, while the specific objectives were to identify the agronomic, environmental and social characteristics of this system, formulate indicators from literature and validate with experts so that they could assist and direct the establishment of sustainability in the production of the raw material of ethanol. The methodology consists in: 1. Survey of relevant information to different sugarcane production systems in Center-South; 2. Validation of the information with the help of academic experts; 3. Formulation the indicators from the literature and; 4. Validate of the indicators with the help of academics and industry experts. The results were to characterize systems low, medium, high and very high adhesion to technology and have been validated 53 indicators that can assist in judging the sustainability of sugarcane production systems in major producer Brazil.
Multivariate Copula-based SUR Tobit Models : a modified inference function for margins and interval estimation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Silva, Paulo Henrique Ferreira da
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
;
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8538524597034643
In this thesis, we extend the analysis of multivariate Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) Tobit models by modeling their nonlinear dependence structures through copulas. The capability in coupling together the diferent - and possibly non-normal - marginal distributions allows the exible modeling for the SUR Tobit models. In addition, the ability to capture the tail dependence of the SUR Tobit models where some data are censored (e.g., in econometric analysis, clinical essays, wide range of political and social phenomena, among others, data are commonly left-censored at zero point, or right-censored at a point d > 0) is another useful feature of copulas. Our study proposes a modified version of the (classical) Inference Function for Margins (IFM) method by Joe & Xu (1996), which we refer to as MIFM method, to obtain the (point) estimates of the marginal and copula association parameters. More specifically, we use a (frequentist) data augmentation technique at the second stage of the IFM method (the first stage of the MIFM method is equivalent to the first stage of the IFM method) to generate the censored observations and then estimate the copula parameter. This procedure (data augmentation and copula parameter estimation) is repeated until convergence. Such modification at the second stage of the usual method is justified in order to obtain continuous marginal distributions, which ensures the uniqueness of the resulting copula, as stated by Sklar (1959)'s theorem; and also to provide an unbiased estimate of the copula association parameter (the IFM method provides a biased estimate of the copula parameter in the presence of censored observations in the margins). Since the usual asymptotic approach, that is the computation of the asymptotic covariance matrix of the parameter estimates, is troublesome in this case, we also propose the use of resampling procedures (bootstrap methods, like standard normal and percentile by Efron & Tibshirani (1993), and basic bootstrap by Davison & Hinkley (1997)) to obtain con_dence intervals for the copula-based SUR Tobit model parameters.
Craqueamento de hidrocarbonetos naftênicos sobre zeólitas HZSM-12 modificadas – rendimento e seletividade a olefinas leves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-09-30)
Silva Júnior, José Roberto da
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Gonzalez, Ernesto Antonio Urquieta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9155018463349682
It was studied the catalytic performance of ZSM-12 zeolites modified by desilication in the cracking of naphthenic hydrocarbons. ZSM-12 zeolites with nominal a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio were synthesized during 96 or 144 h under hydrothermal conditions and the obtained zeolites were treated with NaOH solutions under different conditions. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 physisorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and infrared spectroscopy (Py-FTIR). The treatment with NaOH solutions under mild conditions was more effective for the ZSM-12 zeolite synthesized during 96 h. For the HZ12-96-0,2 sample, obtained by treatment at 35 °C with 0.2 mol.L-1 NaOH solution during 15 min, it was verified an increase in the external surface area and the formation of mesopores in the range of 2 to 14 nm. On that zeolite occurred a higher yields to light olefins during the cracking of cyclohexane at 400 °C and also in the cracking of methyl and ethylcyclohexane at 450 °C. This result was mainly related to the higher density of acid sites exhibited by the HZ12-96-0,2 zeolite compared with the parent ZSM-12 one, as consequence of the applied alkaline treatment. It was also verified that the ZSM-12 zeolites modified by more severe alkaline treatment (0.5 or 1.0 mol.L-1 NaOH solution at 80 °C for 30 min) presented significant increase of the external surface area and mesopores volume. The catalytic cracking of cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane at 500 °C, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of the MZ12-96-0,5 zeolite enhanced the formation of light olefins. The highest yield to light olefins was obtained on that zeolite during the cracking of ethylcyclohexane, which increased 9% when compared with the yield obtained on the not modified HZSM-12 zeolite. The selectivity to light olefins on the studied HZSM-12 zeolites was strongly influenced by presence of a side chain in the naphthenic ring (methyl or ethyl), as well as by the employed cracking operating conditions.
O Programa de Medidas Socioeducativas em Meio Aberto : educação ou reprodução do aprendizado da rua?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-01)
Quinelatto, Rubia Fernanda
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Silva Junior, João dos Reis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7470123176068422
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4287100388497418
This research focuses on looking at the life trajectory of young people in conflict with the law living in the county of São Paulo-SP, which introduces new forms of performance of socially marginalized youths, questioning stereotypes that associate youth action violence, transgression, drugs, trafficking, political indifference, resignation for alleged public space and school. The focus is to dialogue with the stories of life young in conflict with the law in seeking to understand what meaning they attach to the offender act, for it were asked 15 young collaborators for interviews within the Program Socio-Educational measures in Half Open. The life stories narrated by young in conflict with the law were initially transcribed verbatim, and subsequently textualized finally transcriadas. The theoretical and methodological rationale was based on studies by José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, coordinator of the Center for Studies in Oral History of USP (NEHO). The research used pivotably Oral History of Life and thematic oral history, highlighting the stories of fragments young with the aim of understanding the social context to which they belong, playing educational processes seized, the place for the school and informal work. The transcreation allows inaugurate a process of creation and dialogue with lives (re)created in narratives. Thus, the main theorists were prioritized Michel Maffesoli, Áurea Maria Guimarães, Marisa Feffermann, José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, Alberto Lins Caldas. Such authors show the uniqueness of the stories of lives that are intertwined with other stories within practices, historically and culturally developed, providing new forms of relationship. The street learning stands out as a possible way for these young people as a result of numerous failures of public policies.
Avaliação da conectividade de remanescentes de vegetação nativa em matriz agrícola, considerando os índices ecológicos para aves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-01)
Matos, Tatiana Possati Vieira de
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3937188250776503
The replacement of natural cover, by other land-uses, associate with the forest fragmentation process can result in the decrease of forest connectivity in the landscapes. The diagnosis of landscape structure, through the landscape ecology metrics, intende to direct the restoration activities and the evaluation of forest connectivity. The study aimed at the evaluation of forest connectivity in the the National Forest (FLONA) Capão Bonito and its surrounding area, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We produced a land-use/land-cover map, through supervised digital classification, and calculated the landscape metrics (patch and class level) for study area. Selected metrics (Area, ENN and Shape) were used in the production of sustainability index (SI). The forest patches were classified in levels of priority for forest restauration, through SI. In order to identify the forest connectivity was calculated the Integral Index Connectivity (IIC) and we realized the redundancy analysis (RDA), the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multiple regression. Detection was performed by the bird fixed points method and the composition of bird community was obtained through the abundance of species. The diversity index of Shannon Weaver (H ') and species richness was calculated. The land-use/land-cover map indicated that the landscape´s matrix is agriculture, with native forests occupying only 24.45%. The main focuses of forest restoration are the fragments associated with the highest values of SI, because they can guarantee the maintenance and/or the restoration of biodiversity. It was obtained that the IIC =1.000 m influenced in the variance of the birds community and, the shape metric was the main factor that influenced in the composition, richness and diversity of birds. We concluded that is possible to evaluate the connectivity axes using avufauna. The RDA permits the identification of maximum spread for birds. The shape of forest fragments is one of the main factors, influencing in bird community because it is relate with edge effect and forest landscape connectivity. The SI is a simple and effective method for express the priority patches for forest restoration.
A influência da estrutura de paisagens agrícolas nos índices de diversidade de aves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-01)
Matos, Veridiana Possati Vieira de
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1163848275194339
Habitat loss and fragmentation are currently the main causes of the global extinctions, caused mostly by replacing of the native vegetation by different land-uses. The graph theory supports the understanding of the landscapes, considering the permeability of land-uses/land-covers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the landscape spatial patterns, in this case National Forest (FLONA) of Capão Bonito and buffer zone, in the bird diversity. We defined 80 collection points in the four levels of forest connectivity, previously defined in the landscape, which were visited five times. The “fix point” method was used for species detection, with 10 minutes for sampled time. We calculated Shannon Wiener diversity index (H '), Abundance Index values (IPA), richness in order to evaluate changes in the bird community, besides the classification of species by trophic categories. The land-uses/landcover were grouped into MNA (Forest); FP (pine, araucaria and eucalyptus) and AGRP (agriculture and pasture). We evaluated the similarity among this groups, considering the IPA and species numbers, through non-metric multidimensional scaling graphics (NMDS). According the analysis there was similarity between MNA and FP, which are heterogeneous, increasing the stability for birds at the landscape scale. Although, the dissimilarity obtained for AGRIP is consequence of the land-use be a homogeneous environment, with less diversity of resources. The evaluation of the matrix permeability was analyzed from the perspective of graph theory, using the Connectivity Integral Index (IIC), redundancy analysis (RDA) of NMDS and multiple regression. The IIC was generated for two situations: with the impedance values (IICc) and without (ICCe). We defined the follow resistance values: 30% for agriculture and 60% for pasture. The permeability analysis indicated agriculture as land-use with the most influence in the bird community variance. So, we concluded that the less complex sites has the less diversity and species richness than the sites more complexes.
Participação dos neurônios catecolaminérgicos do tronco encefálico no controle respiratório
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-02)
Patrone, Luis Gustavo Alexandre
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Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833369074938340
It is well know that the respiratory network, undergoes significant development in the postnatal period. Among various processes, the maturing of the catecholaminergic (CA) system shows to be an important factor in the control and modulation of respiratory rhythmogenesis. Studies have also shown that these neurons are widely distributed in the Central Nervous System (CNS), including the A1/C1, A2/C2, C3, A5, A6 and A7 regions, having numerous projections to many regions of the brain. However, the development of respiratory network as well as its effect on the control of ventilation, is not yet fully understood. Thus, understanding the participation of CA neurons in the respiratory control during postnatal development is of most importance for a better understanding of some clinical disorders including Rett Syndrome, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of CA neurons in the brainstem on respiratory control in normoxic normocapnic, hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions during the postnatal period of male and female neonatal rats, through chemical injury with conjugated saporin anti-dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH-SAP). Thus, DBH-SAP (42 ng/100 nL – 1L), saporin (SAP – 1L) or phosphate buffered solution vehicle (PBS, 0.01M, pH 7.4 – 1L) were injected into the 4th ventricle in male and female neonates Wistar rats P0-1. Pulmonary ventilation ( EV ) was recorded in unanesthetized neonates (P7-8) by pressure plethysmography during normocapnia, hypercapnia (7% CO2) and hypoxia (10% O2) at 10 and 20 min after the start of exposure. Our data demonstrate that lesion of brainstem CA neurons increased ventilation in males and females newborn under room air conditions. In addition, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia was significantly reduced in male (57%) and female (55%) lesioned neonatal rats (Male – SAP group: 212.8 ± 7.0; PBS group: 203.9 ± 10.3; lesioned group: 151.1 ± 7.4; P < 0,001; Female – SAP group: 218.2 ± 10.4; PBS group: 200.0 ± 6.4; lesioned group: 154.0 ± 9.6; P < 0,001; all values relative to % of baseline). Also, a similar reduction was observed in the hypoxic condition (Male – SAP group: 185.2 ± 15.3; PBS group: 167.4 ± 5.0; lesioned group: 110.8 ± 9.2; P < 0,001; Female – SAP group: 197.3 ± 11.8; PBS group: 179.5 ± 13.7; lesioned: 129.4 ± 5.9; P < 0,001; all values relative to % of baseline). Additionally, the values for metabolic rate of control and lesioned groups, both males and females, did not differ significantly, whether in normoxic normocapnic, hypercapnic or hypoxic conditions. These results suggest that brainstem CA neurons exert a tonic inhibitory role in neonatal ventilation and promote an important excitatory modulation in CO2 and O2 chemosensitivity in unanesthetized males and females neonatal rats (P7-8).
Material complementar para o professor da rede SESI-SP de ensino : semelhança e software GeoGebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-05)
Leite, Adriane de Oliveira
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Peixoto, Magda da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2332740004439719
This research aims to propose activities for teachers using the Geogebra software, especially for teachers from the SESI-SP School Network in order to assist them in the teaching methodology, with teachers' work plan and, in addition, aiming to more significant and dynamic classes, in order to allow students reach their teaching and learning expectations, formulate valid arguments, make conjectures and justify their reasoning. The activities were applied by teachers of SESI-SP School Network to the students of 9th grade of elementary school, in anticipation of teaching and learning through “Similarity”, addressing Theorem of Thales, Metrics Relations in the Rectangle Triangle and Pythagoras Theorem. The results were analyzed and discussed, reporting the challenges and conclusions raised by the students during the activities while working with the Geogebra software and also based on the feedback provided by the teachers and the opinion of the analysts from SESI-SP School Network.
Uso de tecnologias da informação e comunicação para promover socialização : revisando o conceito de terceiros espaços
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-05)
Ferreira, Vinícius Afonso Raimundo
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Anacleto, Junia Coutinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9434475545998260
Third places, a term coined by sociologist Ray Oldenburg to describe places other than home (first place) or workplace (second place), places where people attend to socialize with others besides co-workers and family. Third places provide neutral ground for people to express themselves freely, necessary for civil society and civic engagement, helping to create in their regulars the feeling of belonging. Parks, cafes, bakeries, museums, theaters, churches, bars and squares are examples of third places. These places have a key role in community life forging their cultural profile. Such places are characterized by being democratic and accessible, allowing people to discuss politics, the last football game, or the next music festivals, strengthening the notion of community. However, the modern lifestyle and the potential lack of third places can lead people to be more solitary or even have fewer opportunities to attend places that promote socialization, affecting the quality of life and the sense of community. In this context, this research explores how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can provide people opportunities for socializing in a third place, but unlike Oldenburg, independent of the location constraints and time, creating the phenomenon defined as thirdplaceness. Thus, it is expected to use ICTs to go beyond the traditional third places, providing opportunities for people to meet and socialize, reinforcing and extending the concept of third place, as well as confronting the stigma of isolation using technologies. To experience the support of ICTs to thirdplaceness even when there is no conventional third places to bring the community together, it is considered in this proposal the development and the use of an ICT interactive public art installation, called WishBoard. This installation explores the potential of interactions between mobile devices and public displays, allowing people to share with the community messages and their individual aspirations. This public sharing would be the opportunity for people to socialize in that space during the deployment. From the analysis of the shared messages, it was analyzed the role of ICTs to promote thirdplaceness and found evidence the cultural profile of the community in the shared anonymous messages. Considering the content of messages and the behavior of people, it was noticed that the use of public displays combined with interaction on mobile devices can promote a transformation of the place into a meeting place and conversation when they provide a way for individual self-expression and contemplation by the community that expression, causing engagement among people.
Influência do processamento no comportamento mecânico de nanocompósitos de poliamida 6 com nanosílica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-06)
Queiroz, Breno Dutra de
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Ambrósio, José Donato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9470914895315270
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7671965466865109
In this study nanocomposites of polyamide-6 (PA-6) reinforced with silica nanoparticles (SiO2) were prepared in order to promote improved mechanical properties for engineering applications. The nanoparticles’ surfaces were chemically modified with the silane agent 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3- APTMS) to improve the chemical and physical interactions between them and the PA-6 matrix. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that 3-APTMS grafting on nanoparticles surface was accomplished. The nanocomposites mixing process was studied in two forms: by torque rheometry, using a torque rheometer internal mixer; and in a co-rotating and intermeshing twin-screw extruder. A preliminary study of the influence of processing variables at the torque rheometer on the degradation of polyamide-6 matrix was performed. The results showed that the greater the filling volume of the mixture in the chamber and the rotational speed of the rheometer’s rotors, the lower the degradation of the polyamide-6. Based on this preliminary study, compositions with 1, 2, and 4 % weight of SiO2 nanoparticles, both unmodified and chemically modified with 3-APTMS were prepared in the torque rheometer. The nanocomposites were compression molded and it was observed that nanocomposites reinforced with 1 wt.% SiO2, both unmodified and surface-modified, presented the best tensile properties. For the nanocomposite samples processed in the twin-screw extruder, the influence of relevant variables – nanoparticle content, chemical surface modification, physical form of the fed PA-6 (granule and powder), rotational speed of screws and extruder feed rate – on mechanical, thermal, and dynamic-mechanical properties were studied. The samples were afterwards injection molded and it was observed that the samples produced using 1 wt.% surface-modified and 100% finely ground PA-6 showed the higher tensile modulus and yield strength values.
O instinto, a paixão e suas nuanças : um estudo sobre o papel da sexualidade no desenvolvimento da sociabilidade em Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-07)
Ferreira Junior, Paulo
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Nascimento, Luís Fernandes dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3654785629696808
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8223256562639584
In the present study the aim is to investigate the role of sexuality in the development of sociability in Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This research works in two contexts. The first comprises the denaturation of man in general and the general formation of societies; in this case, the works that support this reading are: Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, Essay on the Origin of Languages, Social Contract and Fragment of the Climates Influence on the Civilization. The second context comprises the education of the man from nature prepared to live in any kind of society. In this case, the work that supports this reading is Emilio, or On education. In both, first or second context, the socialization process of specie and the development of sociability in the individual can be divided into distinct stages in which sexuality acts, alternately, in the nuances that separate these stages. By their specific character, the sexual need allows a way to understanding the relationship between the instinct and the genesis of passions. In this context, the sexuality operates as a kind of catalyst for social potentialities that places the society in the horizon of man as a possible way of collective survival or as a specific destination of specie. In short, the sexuality is a little studied topic in Rousseau; however, it is a possible interpretation key to understanding how the man, who was not social by nature, found the sociability as a proper element to their nature.
Efeitos da exposição à nanopartícula de dióxido de titânio em diferentes pH do meio aquático em brânquias de curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus, Teleostei, Prochilodontidae) : aspectos bioquímicos, fisiológicos e morfofuncionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-08)
Souza, Naiara Elisabete da Silva de
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8393504919205783
The titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP-TiO2) has achieved into aquatic ecosystems through different sources, such as sewer and leaching. Abiotic factors such as pH, ionic strength, water hardness may change the chemical aggregation of NPs as well as the bioavailability of metals in waters result of speciation and /or complexation with other compounds. Considering the pH variations can occur in the environment naturally or as a result of ecological accidents and the increasing use of NP-TiO2 in many different industries, this study aimed to determine the CL-50; 48 hours of NPTiO2 in different pH (acidic, neutral and basic) in juvenile Prochilodus lineatus (curimbatá) and evaluating the effects of exposure to sublethal NP-TiO2 these pH using biochemical, physiological and morphological biomarkers. After sensitivity test with KCl, the animals were tested with different concentrations of NP-TiO2 at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0 for 48 hours to determine the CL-50; 48h. Subsequently, the animals were exposed to 1 mg L-1 NP-TiO2 for 48 hours at different pH. After the exposure period, blood samples were obtained via caudal puncture for ion plasma analysis and hematologic variables, and samples of gills were collected and fixed. The analytical characterization of NP-TiO2 suggest the aggregation ability are modified of the NP at different pH and at pH 5.0, the hydrodynamic diameter of the NP is much larger then the others pH, which may have create difficults for the entry of NP in organisms and caused less damage. The NP-TiO2 were considered non-toxic in pH 5,0, 7,0 and 8,0. Exposure to NP-TiO2 pH 5.0 and ionic imbalance caused in the exposed animals, possibly due to changes in the concentration of Cl- ions. Exposure to pH 5.0 and 8.0 and NP-TiO2 at pH 7.0 inhibited AC enzyme. In animals exposed to NP at pH 5.0 were not identified cloride cells with crypt surface, possibly due the blocking of these surfaces by the large NP aggregates. Changes in concentrations of ROS and SOD, CAT and GCL activity may indicate an imbalance in antioxidant system due to different pH and NPTiO2 exposure. NP exposure caused major damage at pH 7.0, where have lower hydrodynamic diameter , supporting the hypothesis that the smaller the size of the cluster,it’s easier the NP enter the body of the exposed animals.
Avaliação do papel de peroxirredoxina 2 na modulação da expressão de outras enzimas antioxidantes em células eritrocitárias K562
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-14)
Paula, Carla Peres de
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Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661
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Oliveira, Marcos Antonio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2366751838985119
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products naturally generated by the cell metabolism and at low levels play an important physiological role in intracellular regulation, whereas in excess can cause damage to cells. To combat this damage, cells present a complex defense mechanism including different enzymes which act as antioxidants. Among these enzymes, and especially in cells such as erythrocytes, which are exposed to high levels of molecular oxygen, the Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), stand out for the abundance and great reactivity with its substrates. In this cell type, when occurs hemolytic diseases such as sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia, increased production of ROS and consequently oxidative damage are observed, greatly aggravating the clinical picture of patients affected by these diseases. In these diseases, the PRDX2 appears to be a major line of antioxidant defense, as it is the third most present protein in the cytosol of the erythrocyte. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of PRDX2 in differentiated K562 cells for the expression of erythroid characteristics, through gene silencing using shRNA_PRDX2. It was possible to obtain a 70% of the PRDX2 expression inhibition, which caused a decrease in the proliferation, cell viability and interaction, showing the importance of PRDX2 in oxidative protection on this cell type. In order to evaluate the modulation of antioxidant system in these cells, we also analyzed the pattern of gene and protein expression of all other PRDXs beyond the gene expression of other antioxidant enzymes during the process of differentiation. We found that inhibition of PRDX2 expression adversely affects the expression of PRDX5 and causes increased expression of their biological reducing agents, which increase the recycling PRDX2, compensating for their lack the cell. These data are not get described in the literature and additional analysis is needed to better understand this interaction beyond the molecular mechanisms involved in the expression of related enzymes in protection against ROS. Understanding these mechanisms seems important to work with a better insight of the pathophysiology of hemolytic diseases by identifying possible targets to assist in the management and can mitigate the effects of the disease in these patients.
Sensibilidade do barorreflexo e respostas cardiorrespiratórias após a ativação e desativação do barorreflexo em ratos depletados de sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-16)
Borsari, Karine Cristina
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Paula, Patrícia Maria de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0201361251312074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7923637090549549
Cardiorespiratory responses to peripheral baroreceptor activation are affected by sodium balance or anesthesia. In the present study, we investigated the baroreflex sensitivity and cardiorespiratory responses: to baroreceptor activation and deactivation with intravenous (iv) infusions of phenylephrine (phenyl) and sodium nitroprusside (NP) with or without angiotensinergic type 1 receptor (AT1) blocking; to baroreceptor activation with iv infusions of angiotensin II (ANG II), and cardiorespiratory responses: to cardiopulmonary receptor activation with iv infusions of fenilbiguanide: to chemoreceptor activation with iv infusions of sodium nitroprusside (KCN) in normovolemic, sodium depleted, and sodium repleted unanesthetized rats. Male Holtzman rats (280-320 g, n = 8 - 19) with a polyethylene tubing inserted into abdominal aorta through femoral artery to record mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) and femoral vein to perform iv administration drugs were used. Respiratory frequency (fR), tidal volume (VT) and ventilation (VE) were recorded by whole-body plethysmography. Sodium depletion did not modify baseline MAP (102 ± 2, vs. normovolemic: 107 ± 2 mmHg), HR (382 ± 9, vs. normovolemic: 385 ± 7 bpm) or VE (468 ± 27, vs. normovolemic: 447 ± 26 ml/min/kg). Iv infusion of phenyl (5 μg/kg/ml, 0.011ml/s) in normovolemic, sodium depleted and repleted rats produced similar pressor (Δ +58  2, +59  2 and +60  3 mmHg, respectively) and bradycardic (Δ -97  10, -120  11 and -110  9 bpm, respectively) responses, however, sodium depleted rats showed an increased in VE (Δ +152  40, vs. normovolemic: +53 ± 26 ml/min/kg, p<0.05). After sodium repletion the VE returned to approximate value of normovolemic rats (Δ +125  50 ml/min/kg). In the other group of animal was made AT1 receptor blocking with iv bolus injections of losartan and was observed an attenuation of VE that was increased in sodium depleted rats (Δ +77 ± 33 ml/min/kg). 9 The bradicardic component gain also was increased in depleted rats (-1.9 ± 0.1, vs. normovolemic: -1.3 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg, p<0.05) and returned to baselines values in sodium repleted rats (-1.5 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg). Iv Infusion of NP (30 μg/kg/ml, 0.011ml/s) in normovolemic, sodium depleted and repleted rats produced similar hypotensive, tachycardic responses, similar VE and the tachycardic component gain. The iv infusion of fenilbiguanide (50 μg/kg/ml) induced similar hypotensive and bradicardic responses in normovolemic and sodium depleted rats, however increased VE in sodium depleted rats (Δ +281 ± 34, vs. normovolemic: +150 ± 50 ml/min/kg, p <0.05). Iv infusion of potassium cyanide (KCN, 40 μg/0.1ml per rat) did not change cardiorespiratory responses. Thus, the results suggest that sodium depletion with furosemide plus sodium-deficient diet increased bradicardic component of baroreflex and the neurondocrine changes produced by sodium depletion (like increased angiotensin II) may facilitate respiratory responses to baroreceptor activation with phenyl iv.
Alfabetização e divulgação científica de química por meio da produção de histórias em quadrinhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-16)
Iwata, Adriana Yumi
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Lupetti, Karina Omuro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/085799271654988
The research project, of qualitative character presented and analyzed a scientific literacy activity process carried of 2 groups: the first group of undergraduate students and the second group of high school students. The scientific lieracy promotion is necessary considering the public indifference about science, once a lot of people have problems to understand and relate it to their daily lives. In this process, the scientific literate is capable to understand not only the science itself but also to perceive it their day by day, contributing in the future as conscius citizens. The comics were chosen as the main topic of the project due to singular attributes, using both the image and text to transmit an information or message, and constitute an interesting tool to promote the creative process of an individual or a group. The japanese comics, called manga, were chosen to support drawing activities and workshops with the students. Aiming for promoting the students scientific literacy and diffusing the practice of science communication by comics in manga style, were proposed several activities such as Chemistry workshop, technical visits to research departments, drawing and comics activities. At the end of the project, the students elaborated and presented comics about science communication, including chemistry. The research project promoted the scientific literacy of the students and also contributed to the dissemination of chemistry by production of scientific comics.
Análise de dados sequenciais heterogêneos baseada em árvore de decisão e modelos de Markov : aplicação na logística de transporte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-10-16)
Ataky, Steve Tsham Mpinda
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Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1031971059949770
Latterly, the development of data mining techniques has emerged in many applications’ fields with aim at analyzing large volumes of data which may be simple and / or complex. The logistics of transport, the railway setor in particular, is a sector with such a characteristic in that the data available in are of varied natures (classic variables such as top speed or type of train, symbolic variables such as the set of routes traveled by train, degree of tack, etc.). As part of this dissertation, one addresses the problem of classification and prediction of heterogeneous data; it is proposed to study through two main approaches. First, an automatic classification approach was implemented based on classification tree technique, which also allows new data to be efficiently integrated into partitions initialized beforehand. The second contribution of this work concerns the analysis of sequence data. It has been proposed to combine the above classification method with Markov models for obtaining a time series (temporal sequences) partition in homogeneous and significant groups based on probabilities. The resulting model offers good interpretation of classes built and allows us to estimate the evolution of the sequences of a particular vehicle. Both approaches were then applied onto real data from the a Brazilian railway information system company in the spirit of supporting the strategic management of planning and coherent prediction. This work is to initially provide a thinner type of planning to solve the problems associated with the existing classification in homogeneous circulations groups. Second, it sought to define a typology of train paths (sucession traffic of the same train) in order to provide or predict the next movement of statistical characteristics of a train carrying the same route. The general methodology provides a supportive environment for decision-making to monitor and control the planning organization. Thereby, a formula with two variants was proposed to calculate the adhesion degree between the track effectively carried out or being carried out with the planned one.