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Estudo de elastômeros termoplásticos vulcanizados (TPVs) de borracha natural e polipropileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-21)
Rojas, Galia Johanna Alzate
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Marconcini, José Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
Natural rubber (NR) is used for the preparation of several articles in domestic, industrial and automotive worldwide. However, for the NR can be used in these applications it must be vulcanized hindering their recyclability, since the material cannot be reprocessed by conventional processing methods. In this context, the development of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) using NR, which can be processed into products using conventional equipment and processes for thermoplastic materials, ensuring recycling while also adding value to the base material. The proposed objectives were: To study formulations of TPV- (NR + PP) with different reinforcing agents systems (silica, nanosílica and carbon black), vulcanization (sulfur, phenolic resin and dicumyl peroxide) and antioxidant (6PPD + TMQ), evaluating their rheological, thermal, mechanical, morphological and structural properties, and evaluate the recyclability of TPVs. Initially the influence study of materials of TPVs materials was found that the highest values mechanical properties were achieved with PP with melt flow index 11g/10min and NR-TSR-5. It was established that higher values of mechanical properties have been achieved by mixing the ingredients in two steps. The best mechanical properties values were obtained with TPVs (NR + PP) phenolic resin, carbon black and antioxidant (TMQ + 6PPD). Furthermore, the properties are improved by TPVs recycling due to chemical reactions of the phenolic resin with the PP, improving the compatibility in TPVs. The antioxidant system (6PPD + TMQ) considerably improves the behavior of TPVs both recyclability, as the mechanical properties; this behavior is related to the improvement of the compatibility of the NR and PP amines in the presence of the antioxidant system which react with NR.
Projetos pedagógicos do curso de graduação em biomedicina : análise das conquistas e desafios em relação às diretrizes curriculares nacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-21)
Pellegrino, Cristiane Zappulla
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Lima, Valéria Vernaschi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7945420582384290
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6016708830050938
The National Curriculum Guidelines – DCN of the Biomedicine undergraduate course have been enacted on February 18, 2003 and are aligned to a new society requirement for the training of health professionals in the country. These demands point to the need for a new profile, as well as strategies and methodologies aimed at forming a critical, reflective and contextualized society in the Unified System of Health - SUS. Under this challenge, it must be the need to expand the production of studies, to identify the potential and the challenges in the design and development of educational proposals, which can translate the curriculum guidelines in articulated and integrated content to SUS’s practices, aiming a new professional training. This research proposed the construction of an evaluation matrix whose goal is aimed at promoting self-assessment by stakeholders in biomedicine training. This matrix was formed by two axes (I) Biomedicine Curriculum and Axis (II) Biomedical Professional Profile, according to the DCN constituent elements of Biomedicine Undergraduate Programs. For a better discussion about the constructed matrix adequacy, this was applied to a set Pedagogical Projects Course - PPC biomedicine undergraduate. The sample consisted of Federal Institutions Courses in the southeast of Brazil who obtained Preliminary Course Concept (CPC) 4 and 5 in the National Survey of Student Performance (NSSP), in 2013. PPC Analysis revealed that the category with the closest approach in relation to DCN was Curricular Content, and the category with greater distance was the Health and Biomedicine education. The application of the matrix showed power of this evaluative tool to identify strengths and challenges in the PPC self-assessment in the light of the National Curriculum Guidelines.
Ensinando o conceito de campo elétrico a partir do fenômeno do raio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-21)
Ortiz, João Paulo Martins Tobaruela
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Studart Filho, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2591783898323529
This dissertation is a report of the development and application of a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTU), proposed by Moreira, approaching the concept of electric field for high school level. Aiming to contextualize it, the starting point of PMTU is the lightning phenomenon, which is difficult to reproduce at the school lab, is worked with digital educational objects (DEO) and the students were engaged actively in all activities, showing great motivation to study the phenomenon and learn the concepts involved. The construction of conceptual maps by the students with collaborative ways, also allowed them to interact socially, trying to negotiate meanings. The theoretical basis of PMTU uses mainly the Theory of Meaningful Learning of Ausubel. The results gave evidence of the occurrence of significant learning by students, and the acceptance regarding the strategies used.
A construção de uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS) para ensinar relatividade utilizando animações e o game A slower speed of light
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-21)
Riboldi, Bruno Marconi
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Studart Filho, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2374714669648010
This present work aims to build a Teaching and Learning Sequence (TLS) proposed by Marco. A. Moreira , based on David Ausubel's Meaningful Learning Theory. The TLS aims to lead to a meaningful conceptual learning of Einstein's Special Relativity theory by suppressing the excessive calculus involving it. One of its greatest achievements is the use of the educational game - a slower speed of light and animations. The topics of the unit content are time dilation, length contraction, invariance of the speed of light, the relativity of simultaneity, spotlight effect and Terrell effect. The TLS was able to promote differentiated classes, providing evidences of conceptual evolution - stimulating and making it possible the teaching of modern and contemporary physics at this level. The TLS developed for this study was applied in two classes in a State high school in Itapira - SP and the results were analyzed so that the teaching unit efficiency could be evaluated. At the end of this work an instructional product, which is the TLS itself, is presented.
Aves da Estação Ecológica de Santa Bárbara, um dos últimos remanescentes de Cerrado aberto em São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-21)
Lucindo, Anderson da Silva
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6460519003571580
In the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, the phytophysiognomy known as Cerrado takes less than 1% of its original cover. The establishment and management of protected areas are essential to save a significant sample of biodiversity of this environment in the region. The Santa Bárbara Ecological Station is one of the largest protected areas in the state, and one of the few ones to cover a mosaic with most of the vegetation types of Cerrado sensu lato, ensuring greater resources to the local avifauna. However, the set of historical factors, biological invasions, and fire protection in this reserve have led to habitat loss in the local cerrado, which are followed by vegetation densification and changing in native flora, with risks to the avian grassland species. This thesis aims (1) to increase the knowledge of avifauna in the reserve, showing the importance of the area for bird conservation in São Paulo; (2) to evaluate the association of species to the reserve physiognomies;(3) to list the changes in the bird assemblages in the course of 40 years, since Edwin Willis and Yoshika Oniki’s surveys in 1976, including its possible causes, and (4) to investigate if and how the local bird assemblages respond to habitat changes caused by plant invasions. We carried out surveys from February 2012 to March 2015, which resulted in the record of 195 species, or 238 when in regard to Willis and Oniki’s works (1981, 1993, 2003) and the local Management Plan. Twentytwo species are regionally threatened, and five globally threatened. Despite showing lower species richness, grasslands stood out because of the number of species of conservation concern. The invasion of alien plants, such as Signal grass (Urochloa spp.), in open Cerrado seems to contribute to these threats, since few species of conservation concern were seen in invaded areas, and their occurrences concentrated in conserved cerrado. The control invasions and fire management which prevents the densification of woody vegetation in open habitats seem to be the most important practices for the maintenance of bird assemblages in the Ecological Station of Santa Barbara, one of the last open Cerrado remnants in São Paulo.
Estudo da fissuração de concretos refratários durante o processo de cura auxiliado pela técnica de correlação de imagens digitais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015-12-23)
Saracura, Rafael Gonçalves de Moraes
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
The growing demand of the steel industry for cheaper and more efficient production processes creates a necessity for new refractory materials. These requirements are written in terms of more robust concretes, with a longer life cycle, and ease of installation and maintenance. New materials that fulfill these criteria are the Mgo-based refractory castable. However, during curing and drying stages these materials have a critical magnesia hydration reaction that can lead to damage and cracks. The resonance measurement of elastic modulus technique is one of the techniques used to study the effects of magnesia hydration on the castables. As an alternative to this technique is proposed a digital image correlation (DIC) method to monitor the cracks network evolution of refractory castables during the curing stage. Samples (CDPs) of freshly molded castables were subjected to a controlled environment to cure and to dry and images were captured of CDPs with a high resolution digital camera. The DIC is an optical full-field displacement measurement technique. This method is based on the registration of digital images recorded in the undeformed and deformed configurations to measure displacements. A Correli-Q4 based software were developed to detect the cracks and measures their surface crack density and its average crack opening in the sample. The study of some variables such as the paint technique used in the samples (required for application of the CID technique) and the positioning of samples within the thermal chamber were required to evaluate the robustness of the software. As a result of that effort it was possible to compare the CID technique with resonance measurement of elastic modulus. The conclusion is that both detect simultaneously the cracks network beginning. The results claim that the DIC technique is promising because it promotes possibility of measure and compare parameters relative to the crack network (surface crack density and average crack opening) for different compositions of castables, temperatures and relative humidity maintained during curing. The analysis of these cracks network paraviii meters was consistent with the theory in the literature demonstrating the potential of the proposed method.
Percepções e usos da informação por universitários brasileiros: subsídios para o planejamento de ações de letramento informacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016)
Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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Farias, Monique Lucia da Silva
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Matsuno, Graziella Yuri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3938217345284490
Apresenta um estudo que teve como objetivo principal levantar percepções, hábitos e usos da informação de universitários numa universidade pública no Brasil. Um questionário composto de nove questões foi disseminado online via rede social, Facebook, e foram retornados 216 questionários respondidos na sua totalidade. Os resultados não divergem muito daqueles obtidos entre universitários em outros países, e em geral, apontam para uma contundente preferência pela informação em formato digital, e principalmente aquela acessada por buscas realizadas a partir dos buscadores Google e Google Acadêmico. Há uma concomitante e marcante negligência do uso de catálogos de bibliotecas, fontes impressas, e, inclusive, de bases de dados referenciais de alta qualidade às quais os universitários brasileiros têm acesso subsidiado pelo governo. Foi constatada uma falta de familiaridade com os termos usados para descrever fontes de informação, implicando que a relação entre o uso do Google Acadêmico e repositórios digitais é desconhecida, e a maioria dos respondentes apontou as indicações dos seus professores como sendo o “filtro de qualidade” da informação, não possuindo seus próprios mecanismos para avaliá-la. O uso feito da biblioteca universitária pelos respondentes é limitado, e há o preocupante desconhecimento das atribuições e potenciais contribuições do profissional bibliotecário.
Comunicação científica e atenção online: em busca de colégios virtuais que sustentam métricas alternativas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016)
Araújo, Ronaldo Ferreira
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Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3328212638040851
As trocas informacionais em torno da atividade de comunicação científica têm se tornado cada vez mais dinâmicas no ciberespaço, modificando a prática dos cientistas e ampliando o alcance dos resultados de pesquisa que atinge uma atenção online cada vez mais expressiva entre grupos distintos. Objetivo: Analisar se os dados altmétricos de atenção online apontam a existência de “colégios virtuais” – compostos por pessoas de dentro e de fora da comunidade científica – sobre o tema científico sendo compartilhado e comentado nas mídias sociais. Metodologia: Estudo piloto, caracterizado como exploratório, tendo como foco de análise a repercussão do artigo de acesso aberto com o maior indicador altmétrico (n=2.728) para o ano de 2015, segundo divulgado pela Altmetric.com em seu ranking “Top 100”. A qualificação da atenção online é descrita pelas mídias mais expressivas (Twitter e Facebook) em uma amostra randômica (n=10%) para a qual se procedeu a análise de conteúdo e para caracterização do perfil dos grupos sociais que interagiram e a categorização dos tipos de conteúdos de interação. Resultado: A forma mais comum de disseminação observada foi o de compartilhamento e repasse para o Twitter (62%) e Facebook (45%), seguido das categorias “conclusivo” (16% e 25%) e argumentativo (15% e 9,6%). O perfil dos usuários responsáveis pela circulação do artigo indica se tratar de especialistas da área da saúde. Conclusão: Embora a altmetria proponha uma avaliação de impacto mais social e democrático da pesquisa científica os colégios virtuais caracterizados indicam um público especializado e o debate e circulação da informação científica sobre o artigo analisado se concentra na comunidade científica. Palavras-chave: Comunicação científica. Altmetria.
Políticas pública de educação ambiental: o caso do projeto Criança Ecológica na Floresta de Bebedouro. Bebedouro/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-01)
Fernandes, Alessandra Nicolau Pinheiro
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Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4270474028640862
Currently, public policy development adopted the idea of building a sustainable society. Thus, for the development of these policies, one can not disregard the relationship between man and nature that dictate what is possible in the face of what is desirable. In a sustainable society, progress must be seized by the quality of life and not for the pure material consumption. Being the focus of environmental concern of this new trend, environmental education is key to that sustainability is achieved. Public policies for environmental education should then guide for recognizing the fundamental ecological limitation of resources, without which no human activity can take place. Being eco-pedagogy a movement that aims to merge pedagogy and sustainability, which seeks to educate the sense and to the whole, then the environmental education projects adopted as public policy should be based on the concepts proposed by this aspect of EA focused on pedagogical practice that emphasizes learning with meaning, which arises from everyday situations and appreciates the sentiment, emotion and even spirituality in the educational process. It was in this perspective that the Strategic Project Ecological Child adopted by the State Government of São Paulo as public policy on environmental education and deployed in Forest Trough has been interpreted in this study. It was intended to examine the methodology and pedagogical Project from the target audiencechildren 8-10 years evaluating the use of ecopedagogy.
Efeitos do manejo nutricional na cultura do sorgo sacarino [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016)
Scavazza, Ana Lúcia
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0125397145088528
Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a Poaceae originating in Central-East Africa, has great potential for the production of bioenergy, and is also part of the energy matrix of countries such as China, United States and European Union. In Brazil, due to the importance of sugarcane as a source of renewable energy, research on the agricultural and industrial process of sweet sorghum is still incipient. With regard to fertilization, there are few regions with established recommendations and the nutritional requirements of the available genotypes are practically unknown. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the increase in doses of primary macronutrients can contribute to the increase in productivity and technological yield of a hybrid cultivar of sweet sorghum. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in a randomized block design, with five replications, composed of four doses of NPK fertilization, defined according to the recommendation of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (Technical Bulletin 200). The recommended doses (RD) were respectively 110-90-120 kg ha-1 of N-P2O5-K2O, constituting the following treatments: 0% of the RD, 50% of the RD, 100% of the RD and 150% of the RD. At 105 days after the emergence of the plants, height (m), stem diameter (mm), number of internodes, stem production (t ha-1), green biomass (t ha-1), dry biomass (t ha-1), dry shoot weight (g plant-1), moisture (%), Brix% juice, pol% juice, fiber (%), total recoverable sugar (kg t-1), and juice purity (%). Increasing doses of primary macronutrients did not provide significant responses (p≤0.05) on the biometric, technological and yield parameters of the sweet sorghum (cultivar NS 105), allowing to conclude that the initial soil fertility was sufficient for the development of the crop. The low industrial quality of sweet sorghum juice was influenced by climatic factors that triggered a high infestation of Ergot, a disease caused by African Claviceps. The maximum productivity and maximum economic productivity dose cannot be determined due to the lack of significant adjustment of the quadratic regression equation.
Resolução das contradições e a evolução da atividade no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP) : uma abordagem a partir da teoria da atividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-04)
Baumgartner, Luis Fernando
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5785260456061201
The escalation of the competitiveness in the auto parts segment has been driving their companies to deep search better results. In this scenario, the product development process (PDP) has been of paramount importance. With its multidisciplinary characteristic, it articulates simultaneously different rationalities and actors who have built on very different interpretations of their real work. Interventions aiming to enhance the PDP performance inside an organization focus on the evaluation and modification of the prescribed work. When this is the approach, they limit their scope on the evaluation of the procedures and stated workflows and use a deterministic assumption which imposes just one single way to have the work done. This research proposes the Activity Theory as an adequate theoretical framework to deal with work redesign and shed light on the results from a case study where the first stage of the PDP was studied. We concluded that the activity system model proposed by Engeström identifies and reveals contradictions, which once in the equation, can really enhance PDP performance.
Leitura da web em português em ambiente de aprendizado sem-fim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-04)
Duarte, Maisa Cristina
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Hruschka Júnior, Estevam Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2097340857065853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7878297791371477
NELL is a computer system that has the goal of learn to learn 24 hours per day, continuously and learn more an better than the last day, to perform the knowledge base (KB). NELL is running since January 12 of 2010. Furthermore, NELL goals is have hight precision to be able to continue the learning. NELL is developed in macro-reading context, because this NELL needs very much redundancy to run. The first step to run NELL is to have an big (all-pairs-data). An all-pairs-data is a preprocessed base using Natural Language Processing (NLP), that base has all sufficient statistics about a corpus of web pages. The proposal of this project was to create a instance of NELL (currently in English) in Portuguese. For this, the first goal was the developing an all-pairs-data in Portuguese. The second step was to create a new version of Portuguese NELL. And finally, the third goal was to develop a coreference resolution hybrid method focused in features semantics and morphologics. This method is not dependent of a specific language, it is can be applied for another languages with the same alphabet of Portuguese language. The NELL in Portuguese was developed, but the all-pairs-data is not big enough. Because it Portuguese NELL is not running for ever, like the English version. Even so, this project present the steps about how to develop a NELL in other language and some ideas about how to improve the all-pairs-data. By the way, this project present a coreference resolution hybrid method with good results to NELL.
Estudo da formação e isolamento de heterocomplexos constituídos pela combinação entre 4,4’,4’’,4’’’- tetracarboxiftalocianina de ferro ou 4,4’,4’’,4’’’- tetrassulfoftalocianina de ferro e tetrakis (N-metil- 4-piridil) porfirina de ferro e aplicação em filmes LbL”
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-04)
Silva, Rebecca Nogueira e
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Moreira, Wania da Conceição
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3016270106775634
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6480044182214835
The great interest in supramolecular assemblies between porphyrins and phthalocyanines has growing lately due to the enhancement on chemical and physical properties compared to individual units. Ionic assemblies with metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines grafted with ionic substituents of opposite charges stand out due to favorable formation and electronic density coupling between the macrocycles rings in a face-to-face array. Most of the reports in the literature on these kinds of arrangements is limited to its solution behavior. The main goal of this work were to synthesize and isolate heterocomplexes of 4,4’,4’’,4’’’- irontetracarboxyphthalocyanine (FeTcPc), or 4,4’,4’’,4’’’- irontetrasulfophthalocyanine (FeTsPc), with irontetrakis(n-metil-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (FeTMPyP). Three tetrapyrrolic macrocycles precursors were synthesized and characterized, and the heterocomplex formation was investigated by spectroscopic titration of FeTMPyP aqueous solution with FeTsPc or FeTcPc. The heterocomplex stoichiometry was determined by Job’s method. The stoichiometry of the heterocomplexes was not affected by the substituents and dyads FeTsPc/FeTMPyP and FeTcPc/FeTMPyP were obtained in both cases. For the first time, dyads were isolated from solution, and characterized by infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies, thermal analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. A significant change in the macrocycles electronic levels were observed due to the electronic coupling in a face-to- face arrangement. FeTsPc/FeTMPyP dyad presented an extensive orbital mixing, higher than FeTcPc/FeTMPyP dyad. IR analysis showed an additional interaction through coordination of bridged ligand between the metallic centers. Thermogravimetric analysis of the heterocomplexes showed a different degradation profile of the macrocycles in each dyad, which indicated that interaction between the macrocycles in each heterocomplex might be different. Electrostatic Layer-by-Layer technique (LbL) was applied and thin films of macrocycle precursors, mixed films (by intercalating precursor layers), and dyads were obtained. FeTcPc, FeTsPc, and FeTMPyP macrocycles exhibited a linear transfer up to 48 bilayers. The mixed film between FeTsPc and FeTMPyP showed similar spectral properties to FeTsPc/FeTMPyP dyad in solution indicating that similar macrocycles array in the mixed films over the deposition. The cyclic voltammetry of the macrocycles and dyads in solution showed that, in both cases, metallic centers electronic densities were affected by dyad formation, but macrocyclic redox processes was more affected in FeTcPc/FeTMPyP. The immobilization shifted the electrochemical redox process for cathodic potentials. The results indicated that interaction between the macrocycles in the dyads occur via two mechanisms, by ligand bridged interaction between the metallic centers, and by electrostatic attraction of the peripheral substituents.
Uma abordagem de teste estrutural de uma transformações M2T baseada em hipergrafos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-05)
Abade, André da Silva
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Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8415152030217744
Context: MDD (Model-Driven Development) is a software development paradigm in which the main artefacts are models, from which source code or other artefacts are generated. Even though MDD allows different views of how to decompose a problem and how to design a software to solve it, this paradigm introduces new challenges related to the input models, transformations and output artefacts. Problem Statement: Thus, software testing is a fundamental activity to reveal defects and improve confidence in the software products developed in this context. Several techniques and testing criteria have been proposed and investigated. Among them, functional testing has been extensively explored primarily in the M2M (Model-to-Model) transformations, while structural testing for M2T (Model-to-Text) transformations still poses challenges and lacks appropriate approaches. Objective: This work aims to to present a proposal for the structural testing of M2T transformations through the characterisation of input models as complex data, templates and output artefacts involved in this process. Method: The proposed approach was organised in five phases. Its strategy proposes that the complex data (grammars and metamodels) are represented by directed hypergraphs, allowing that a combinatorial-based traversal algorithm creates subsets of the input models that will be used as test cases for the M2T transformations. In this perspective, we carried out two exploratory studies with the specific purpose of feasibility analysis of the proposed approach. Results and Conclusion: The evaluation of results from the exploratory studies, through the analysis of some testing coverage criteria, demonstrated the relevance and feasibility of the approach for characterizing complex data for M2T transformations testing. Moreover, structuring the testing strategy in phases enables the revision and adjustment of activities, in addition to assisting the replication of the approach within different applications that make use of the MDD paradigm.
Comparação da eficiência da fermentação alcoólica entre leveduras naturais da cana-de-açúcar e levedura comercial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-07)
Martins, Gabriele Santos
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Valsechi, Octavio Antonio
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Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661
Sugarcane harbors a diverse microbiota that can directly influence the performance of alcoholic fermentation, particularly when native yeasts exhibit adaptation to the substrate and to the stress conditions of the process. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize native yeasts associated with the stalks of three sugarcane varieties (RB 855453, RB 92579, and RB 855156) and to compare their growth with that of a commercial strain widely used in industry (S. cerevisiae CAT-1), with the goal of selecting candidates with biotechnological potential. Initially, sequencing of isolates from fresh sugarcane juice indicated a predominance of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, suggesting a low initial abundance of S. cerevisiae in the juice. To enrich the target genus, the juice was subjected to 24 h of spontaneous fermentation (30 °C; 200 rpm), which resulted in amplicons compatible with the positive control and in the detection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after sequencing. In the physiological performance stage, growth curves showed that five native strains (855453-26, 855453-27, 92579-25, 92579-26, and 92579-31) exhibited growth superior or comparable to that of CAT-1, indicating potential competitiveness in a fermentative context. It is concluded that sugarcane is a relevant source of yeasts with industrial potential and that prior fermentative enrichment is an effective strategy to recover S. cerevisiae from sugarcane juice, providing promising strains for future validation regarding ethanol production, sugar consumption, and tolerance to process-related stresses.
Reatividade das nanopartículas de dióxido de titânio com a superfície modificada por grupos peróxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-11)
Francatto, Patrícia
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8125203173536138
The welfare of the human population depends of the technological and scientific development. However, this model of economic growth has generated a huge ecological impact. For this reason, it is necessary new and more efficient processes and methods of synthesis to sage energy. This study employed a new approach of the "The Oxidant PeroxoMethod" (OPM) to obtain highly reactive nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with the surface modified with peroxide groups (TiO2 -OPM). We synthesized these TiO2-OPM using titanium metal and titanium isopropoxide as titanium source and to evaluate the reactivity of these precursors, two different composition of bismuth titanates (the selenita Bi12TiO20 and the perovskite Bi4Ti3O12 phases) were synthesized by means of the conventional solid-state reaction. These materials were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning eléctron (SEM) and transmission eléctron (TEM) microscopies. We observed that both TiO2-OPM precursors are identical reagarding their reactivity and structure, with the advantage that the material synthesized from the alcooxide is easier, cheaper and faster that the material obtained from titanium metal. Moreover, we could observe that the peroxide groups on the surface of the nanoparticles were resposable by the reactivity of these nanoparticles, as observed by the lower temperatures used to obtain single phase bismuth titanates with different composition.
Beta-glicosidases das famílias GH 1 e GH 3 : caracterização estrutural, bioquímica e mecanismos estruturais de transglicosilação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-15)
Florindo, Renata Nobrega
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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Polikarpov, Igor
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9669532724764871
The search for new sustainable alternative energy sources has followed the increasing concerns with common welfare and fossil fuel shortage. In this context, Bioethanol is a good option and lignocellulosic biomass is an interesting way of obtaining it. The enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass in fermentable sugars still is a costly process, which makes characterization mechanisms indispensable to make it economically viable. Being of great importance in the lignocellulosic biomass convertion, β-glucosidases catalyzed reaction is the last step in the saccharification processes. Beta glucosidase hydrolyze non-reduced β-D-glycoside terminals, releasing β-D-glucose. GH 1 and GH 3 are the families of those most studied enzymes. However, structural and functional data from this GH 3 family of enzymes are still scarce. This work aimed at the biochemical and structural characterization of β-glucosidase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaBgl). This enzyme has a catalytic domain (CCD) and a fibronectin III-like domain (FnIII) whose function is still unknown. Biochemical data showed optimal conditions for enzyme activity at pH from 6.0 to 6.5, temperature at 45 ° C and synthetic substrate specificity of 4-nitrophenyl- -Dglucopyranoside (pNPG). The values of kinetic parameters, KM and Vmax, were 0.32±0.03 mM e 0.37±0.01 nmol/min, respectively. The enzyme doesn’t have transglycosylation mechanisms, indicating only hydrolytic activity. Some monosaccharides such as xylose and galactose increased the enzyme activity significantly, while glucose and arabinose inhibited it. The crystal structural model of the BaBgl revealed an N-terminal domain with fold like a TIM barrel, an intermediate sandwich α / β domain and a third C-terminal like FnIII domain. In this work we also studied the transglycosylation mechanisms of two β-glucosidases from Trichoderma harzianum (ThBgl1 and ThBgl2). Both enzymes exhibit transglycosylation reaction but the ThBgl1 showed a hydrolysis/transglycosylation ratio lower than the one for ThBgl2. Crystallographic structures shows a typical folding for GH family 1 β-glucosidases, folding in the form of a TIM barrel (α / β)8. However, ThBgl2 has a more polar active site and therefore, favorites the interaction with water molecules, promoting better the hydrolysis reaction when compared to ThBgl1.
Diferenciação e caracterização química de espécies de Phyllanthus utilizando técnicas hifenadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-15)
Sprenger, Ricardo da Fontoura
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0974948816384258
Several species of Phyllanthus genus are widely used in popular medicine, even though very few phytochemical reports on species such as: P. caroliniensis, P. stipulatus and P. tenellus are found in the literature. Furthermore, the official reference quality control methods, especially those related with authenticity assessment, are nonspecific for the species under analysis. Thereby, this work reports on the online chemical characterization of the ethanolic extract of six Phyllanthus species by liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography hyphenated to nuclear magnetic spectroscopy using automated solid phase extraction system, as interface (LC-SPE-NMR). The chapter 2 discusses the classification of commercial Phyllanthus samples acquired from different establishments in several Brazilian municipalities. The identification of various chemical markers from authentic samples of each species allowed the classification of commercial samples. The obtained results showed that they were misused, in spite of their labels nominating them as P. niruri, the majority of the tested samples were P. tenellus. None was classified as P. niruri. Chapter 3 discusses the use of statistical models for the chromatographic method development and also for the handling of MS data. Development of the method was carried out by experimental design furnishing chromatographic runs with short analysis time and high number of chromatographic bands. Statistical analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the unmistakable differentiation of species and pointed out to several of compounds responsible for this. Through the interpretation of the MS/MS data, using the mass analyzers QqToF and IT-MS, 22 compounds had their chemical structure elucidated, some of which have never been reported in the literature. Chapter 4 describes the results obtained by LC-SPE-NMR for the unequivocal structural elucidation of the secondary metabolites of the ethanolic extract of P. tenellus. The use of automated SPE interface facilitated the isolation of the compounds of interest, eliminating the need of using semi-preparative chromatography. The interpretation of NMR spectra enabled the identification of 9 compounds confirming the structures inferred by LC-MS.
Análise do atendimento aos princípios da certificação de manejo florestal FSC e perspectivas de aplicação dos Indicadores Genéricos Internacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-18)
Bonfim, Mayra de Souza
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Pugliesi, Érica
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316694193378977
In recent decades, the intensification of environmental concern generated by human activities is causing reflexes in various sectors of society. In this context the market started to demand information and guarantees about the forest products. One of the tools developed for this purpose is the forest certification, represented in Brazil mainly by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). In addition to attest the management system, the forest certification requires compliance with the laws in force in the country and of social, economic and environmental more restrictive criteria. For certification and maintenance of the certificate, it is required that all non-compliances with requirements of the standards are treated in the sense of being corrected by avoiding their recurrence. Thus, this study aims to analyze the future changes arising from the integration of International Generic Indicators (IGIs), taking into account the difficulties encountered for compliance with the current standard in the process of FSC certification audits in the context of forest plantations in Brazil. To this end, were obtained data and information from forest management certification audits in the last five years. The results obtained indicate that organizations have a higher difficulty to meet the Principles 4, 6, 7 and 8, strictly linked to the social aspects, such worker’s rights and community relations, environmental impacts, and social and environmental monitoring. The changes arising from the IGIs are mainly related to the new concepts and approaches that impact directly in social areas, environmental impact assessment/monitoring, and management of the forest management. Analyses intend to contribute and support decision-making by the forest sector, and assist in the process of recertification and certification processes of new organizations
A oferta da dança sênior na atenção básica do município de Pirassununga/SP : “caminhos” favoráveis à sua implantação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-01-18)
Nascimento, Simone Mattos do
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
INTRODUCTION: Senior Dance can be one of the Action Fitness / Body Practices to be integrated as a relevant therapeutic project within the guidelines of primary care and performed at USF, UBS and NASF. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research has the purpose to identify factors conductive to offer Senior Dance in primary care in the city of Pirassununga/ SP, as regards its implementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included health managers, professionals from high level, the Community Agents of Health (CHA) and the elderly users of USF (n=14). All signed the Term of Free and Clear (IC) research and images. 30% of the six selected USFs, where the supply of Dance Senior possible, all answered the Senior Dance Offer questionnaire at baseline and after three months of activity. Additionally the elderly answered the SF-36 lifequality questionnaires at baseline and after three months of activity and were undergo multidisciplinary assessment geriatric and gerontology Dance Senior. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Platform Brazil's Federal University of São Carlos, opinion No. 895,345. In the data tract was used content analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: It was possible to perform a characterization of the clinical data of elderly participants of the Senior Dance by analysis of geriatric assessment and multidisciplinary gerontology Dance Senior. This evaluation was given emphasis to the clinical diagnosis and the result of evaluating the quality of life; anthropometric measurements; mobility through balance and gait; and up and go to the elderly. In the approach to dance Senior offer questionnaires, from the perception of health managers, the top health professionals level of CHWs and elderly users who participated in the dance emerged five speeches: Speech 1: "Knowledge of the Dance Senior"; Speech 2: "The improvement and maintenance of health and the elderly quality of life"; Speech 3: "The level of satisfaction with the Senior Dance"; Speech 4: "Access to health services in AB Attention basically" and Speech 5: "The ways favorable to the implementation of the Senior Dance USFs in view of health managers, the top-level health professionals and Community Health Workers (CHWs) and elderly. " CONCLUSION: The ways that favored the offer of dance in Senior USFs were the grip and adhesion of the elderly participants the new intervention; the satisfaction of the participants with regard to Senior Dance; maintenance quality of life of elderly participants; a new lowcost intervention. In this context, the Senior Dance presented as viable and applicability in primary care, since both managers and health professionals have felt strengthened by the support matrix conducted by physiotherapist in providing mode.