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Cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com deficiência visual : experiência da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-15) Barbieri, Mayara Caroline; Dupas, Giselle; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4667229554253725
Visual impairment classification varies from low visual loss to total absence of vision. There are many alterations in the routine of children and teenagers who suffer with visual impairment, changing their independency, the way they do everyday activities and the relationship with other people, changing their family lives too. Based on this, we found the necessity and motivation to do this research, which aims to study the experiences of visual impaired children and teenagers. This is a qualitative and descriptive research conducted in two cities, with the Symbolic Interactionism as theoretical reference. In the city A, the identification of the families was done using the data supplied by the Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Estado de São Paulo (the official government institution for education in the state of Sao Paulo). In the city B, we obtained the data from an institution for people with visual impairment; eighteen families were interviewed, and the total number of participants was 61. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, genogram and ecomap. They were recorded and conducted in their homes or in the institution; the research was approved by the University research ethics committee number: 1.034.350. The narrative analysis was used as the methodological reference to make the interpretation of the interviews and understand the trajectory of the families. For a better comprehension, the results were divided in themes, categories and subcategories and organized in three articles for the data analysis. The trajectory starts with the perception of the first signs of visual impairment and the surprise with the diagnosis. After, the families have to adapt their routines in order to facilitate patient’s life. Among the adaptations, there is the use of treatment resources, the necessity to adapt and accept the condition, to protect and to understand the limits to overprotection. The school environment was described as difficult and traumatic in the city A. The social support received by the family may not be characterized as social network, but as a social support. For the families who live in the city B, the support from a specialized organization was essential to deal with visual impairment. We may conclude that it is necessary the qualification of education and health professionals to modify the reality of these families. This research may support improvements in current public health policies and create new ones for the inclusion of visual impaired patients
Crianças da zona rural e a escola urbana : experiências e significados construídos com uma turma do 3° ano do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-15) Zanotto, Luana; Alves, Fernando Donizete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9718778267626503
The reproduction of 'urban x rural' hierarchy is filled from the stigmatizing understanding that living in rural areas is social and cultural inferior. According to this, with the increasing insertion of children from rural area to urban schools, it is inevitable that such an understanding pervades school relations, reinforcing mystified aspects about this population. If school operates as a stage of social relations and children as protagonists, how do they mean their experiences in urban school scenery? Under this question, the object is to understand how children of rural areas mean their experiences in a Municipal Elementary School, located in the urban area of a city in São Paulo. Participative observations were conducted in each part of the school and registered as field diaries, with a third grade group of eighteen children, and the classroom and Physical Education teachers. In addition to the participative observations, circles of conversation were conducted with the children. From the attentive and patient listening to the voices of them, the data analysis indicated that the school timings and spaces exceeded the impregnated speeches of stereotypical ideal to the rural subjects, because with the contact with and among children, the articulation of elements from both cultures, rural and urban, was present. Through the fluidity of affective relationships, the children showed to mean the school as a space to improve knowledge necessary for adult life, as well as a place to win friends, play and enjoy time better. It was realized in the relation of the teachers that some pedagogical deeds and practices still need to be contextualized to the reality of the children, considering them as concrete subjects, holders of childhood knowledge and skill. It is concluded that the being in school is for the children a possibility to build up shared and permissible practices of creation and re- signification of experiences, especially away from adult eyes.
Experiências de infâncias com produções de culturas no Ilê Axé Omo Oxé Ibá Latam
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-15) Souza, Ellen de Lima; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2996966307456495
This thesis entitled "Childhoods experiences with Crop Yields in Ile Axe Omo Ibá Latam", sought to bring insights grounded in a cognitive justice perspective, recognizing children as crop producers in their social practices and tracing dialogues with theoretical frameworks and methodological Latin Americans and Africans. The guiding research question is; "As social practices of children's cultures in Ile Axe Omo x and IBA Latam constitute childhoods in Candomblé?". And the goal of "Understanding how social practices of child cultures in Ile Axe Omo Ibá Latam, unfold in educational processes and unveil new understandings and meanings on the childhood", allowed the children to bring their experiences of ancestry, corporeality and orality lived in Candomblé, through different epistemologies. The methodology was built with children and Candomblé community with inspiration in phenomenology and semiotics of communication in order to capture the different languages of children. The data are described in a comprehensive analysis building episodes through the record collected with children. Data analysis considered the possibility of establishing dialogues between the principles of world Yoruba cosmology present in Candomblé with the legal frameworks of the opinions CNE / CP / 03/2004 and CNE / CB / 20/2009 Children's Educational own. Considering the circularity present throughout the research aportada in exúlica logic is indicated possibilities for building an egalitarian education through the production of cultures of children of Candomblé.
Propriedades de zeólitas x formadas por partículas micro- e nanométricas contendo cátions alquilamônio lineares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-15) Motta, Ingrid Lopes; Cardoso, Dilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7316716421984702
Nanosized NaX zeolites (FAU) (crystallite size = 16 nm; Si/Al ratio = 1,5) were synthesized and modified through ion exchange with linear alkylammonium cations containing from one to six carbons, with the intent to activate basic sites. In this work, commercial microsized zeolites (Aldrich) were also ion exchanged for comparison matters and all samples were characterized. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that both micro- and nanosized zeolites containing sodium portray polycrystalline particles: the former presents octahedral habit and particle size of 2952 nm and the latter presents an indefinite habit and particle size of 426 nm. Among the ion exchanged samples, none presented complete exchange of the Na+ cations due to steric hindrance. Nanosized zeolites presented higher exchange degrees than the microsized ones, which is due to higher accessibility to the exchange sites. Such factors also explain the exchange degrees’ reduction with the cations’ chain length, which is less abrupt among the nanosized samples. This happens due to the nanosized samples’ higher interparticular porosity, which has also allowed their micropore volumes’ constant decrease, differently from the microsized samples, which faced a minimum value with butylammonium. When the cations’ length is increased, the unit cell expands in comparison to the zeolites containing sodium since bulkier cations cause variations in the length and angle of the of the O-Si-O and O-Al-O bonds. Through thermogravimetric analysis in oxidant atmosphere, it was observed that the longer the carbon chain length, the lower is the mass loss, which evidences the lower diffusional limitations. The same was observed in inert atmosphere, which indicates that the presence of O2 does not influence the thermal events. Nanosized zeolites illustrate smoother mass loss profiles, which marks smaller diffusional limitations. The zeolitic materials were catalytically evaluated along the Knoevenagel condensation between butyraldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate (3% m/m catalyst) during 1 h. The nanometric zeolites presented higher conversions and higher reaction rates when t = 0 than the microcrystalline ones, confirming the advantages of nanosized materials.
Segmentação de placas de esclerose múltipla em imagens de ressonância magnética usando modelos de mistura de distribuições t-Student e detecção de outliers
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-15) Freire, Paulo Guilherme de Lima; Ferrari, Ricardo José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8460861175344306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8197613219529074
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating (that is, with myelin loss) disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is considered an autoimmune disease in which the immune system wrongly recognizes the myelin sheath of the CNS as an external element and attacks it, resulting in inflammation and scarring (sclerosis) of multiple areas of CNS’s white matter. Multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been successfully used in diagnosing and monitoring MS due to its excellent properties such as high resolution and good differentiation between soft tissues. Nowadays, the preferred method to segment MS lesions is the manual segmentation, which is done by specialists with limited help of a computer. However, this approach is tiresome, expensive and prone to error due to inter- and intra-variability between observers caused by low contrast on lesion edges. The challenge in automatic detection and segmentation of MS lesions in MR images is related to the variability of size and location of lesions, low contrast due to partial volume effect and the high range of forms that lesions can take depending on the stage of the disease. Recently, many researchers have turned their efforts into developing techniques that aim to accurately measure volumes of brain tissues and MS lesions, and also to reduce the amount of time spent on image analysis. In this context, this project proposes the study and development of an automatic computational technique based on an outlier detection approach, Student’s t-distribution finite mixture models and probabilistic atlases to segment and measure MS lesions volumes in MR images.
A atuação dos supervisores no âmbito do PIBID
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-15) Barros, André da Silva; Fernandes, Hylio Laganá; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1315602045624096; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8349369486316992
In this master thesis, I seek to analyze the supervisor's papers and contributions of the PIBID (Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à docência) in the various contributions of the program supervisor and implications in the continued training of supervisors. I made this study by analyze of texts presented at the V Encontro Nacional de Licenciaturas (ENALIC), IV Seminário Nacional do PIBID and XI Seminário de Iniciação à Docência (SID), held between December – days 8 to 12 – of 2014 at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Thus, the general purpose of this research is to find out what the texts publicated within event bring about the acting of the supervisors and their possible contributions in the graduated formation of students participants of the PIBID, beyond to show considerations about what the supervisors got in their formation when they participated on program. The question resulting of this goal is how is characterized the formation and the acting of PIBID supervisors within of the V ENALIC's and of the another two events publications. The theoretical grounding to this work is based on the dialogue between public policies and the production in the teacher formation area, articulating these ideas with the publications of the events. Methodologically, I made an analysis of the V ENALIC et al documents, bringing, as results, reflections about what the supervisors understand to respect their roles. The survey of the minutes found out nine texts perpetrated by supervisors: the informations’s joined of this documents, shaped of groups, categories, itens and fragments of analysis, seeks the understanding about the roles and contributions of and about the people that were envolved within the program. The survey results show that the PIBID is a program that helps on the initial and continuing teachers formation, still bringing other contributions, being the supervisor a fundamental key for program execution, combining theory and practice, beyond teaching and learning, both for work in school as in contribution for the graduate students.
Estudo de equilíbrio líquido-vapor de soluções hidroetanólicas contendo frutose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-15) Dias, Rafael Macedo; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4907808183266433
Fructose (1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhex-2-one) is an important sugar in global market because its unique characteristics when compared to another sugars. It becomes the fructose economically attractive besides the fact that it is not easily produced. Fructose may be produced by crystallization from its aqueous solution adding ethanol as antisolvent, and afterward a separation process will be necessary to separate ethanol+water+fructose to become the process practicable. Applying this way, ethanol may be recovered using a distillation column and vaporliquid equilibrium data for water+ethanol+fructose mixture are necessary but it is not available in literature yet. Thermodynamic models are necessary to modelate a distillation column. Thus, this work has the objective of obtain VLE of hydroethanolic solutions contain fructose, and estimate parameters of an adequated model to describe the behavior of the mixture. In this work, Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for water+ethanol+fructose and water+ethanol were determined using a modified ebulliometer based on vapor recirculation operating at atmospheric pressure of São Carlos. The composition was determinated combinating measures of refractive index and mass balance. Curves of VLE with fix composition of fructose containing 10.3%, 20.7% and 31.0% in mass were determinated, besides a binary curve with water and ethanol to validate the method. The estimative of parameters was realized in Scilab software version 5.5.1, utilizing the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The experimental data were used to estimate parameters of models based on excess Gibbs energy and local composition (Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC, P&M-UNIQUAC). Among all the model tested on estimative of parameters, the best model to describe the experimental data was the P&M-UNIQUAC model whose parameters were considered dependents of temperature with maximum deviation of 6,10% to water in vapor phase. Were evaluated models based on modifications of UNIFAC model, in these cases using parameters of interaction available in literature, to these cases the best model to describe the experimental was the mS-UNIFAC with maximum deviation of 14,45% to water in vapor phase. The results show that is possible determinate VLE data contain fructose utilizing the methology adopted and that fructose influences in VLE.
Relação entre queixa de memória, alterações cognitivas, autopercepção da saúde e ADAM10, em idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-02-15) Almeida, Mariana Luciano de; Cominetti, Márcia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272; Vale, Francisco de Assis Carvalho do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7135183635933470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1590881498202887
There is a wide divergence of results in the literature on the clinical relevance and the etiology of memory complaints (MC). Currently QM is being studied as pre-clinical symptom of Alzheimer's disease before a possible CCL setting. Our hypothesis is that MC may be associated with lower performance on cognitive tests or a low self-rated health. Objective. To investigate the relationship among MC in elderly patients with objective cognitive impairment and self-rated health. Method. This was a cross-sectional, correlational and quantitative study. The instruments used were the Memory Complaint Scale (MCS) - forms A and B, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination – Revised (CEA-R), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Heath Survey, Geriatric Depression Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results. Participated in this study 83 subjects, divided between the two forms of MCS evaluation scale. Sociodemographic groups were very similar, with no significant differences with MC. According to MCS-A, there was a significant association only with the CDT. MCS-B was associated with ACE-R and its domains memory, fluency and visual spatial orientation?. A ROC curve was drawn from the results of MCS-B in relation to the ACE-R and MMSE, demonstrating the high specificity of the instrument. Conclusion. In this study it was not found robust results with MC reported by the elderly and changes in cognitive screening tests. However, when the informant reported the complaint, the analysis with cognitive performance levels were more consolidated. This results highligh the need to include and empower perception of someone who knows enough the elderly to assess the MC globally.