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Ensino de leitura de sentenças para crianças em idade escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Donadeli, Josiane Maria; Domeniconi, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1926593718009886
Several teaching procedures based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm have been developed and proved effective in improving reading performance. Expanding the research on the subject, this study aimed to determine the effects of using a teaching reading sentences procedure with this paradigm. The study used programmed sentences with multiple and critical differences in order to check, as a secondary measure, possible patterns of responding under the control of stimuli in this situation and the effects of these patterns on learning to read. The sentences were composed of subject, verb and object. Ten children with seven to nine years old, without clinical diagnosis, attending in the first primary education cycle, participated. The study consisted of four phases and 12 steps. The sentences and the difficulty of discrimination varied over the phases: simple words of the Portuguese language and comparisons had multiple differences between them; simple words and critical differences; complex words and multiple differences; and complex words and critical differences. The steps contemplated pretest and posttest, teaching AB relations (match figures to spoken sentences) and AC (match printed sentences to spoken sentences), testing of BD relations (nomination of the figure), CD (nomination of the printed sentence), BC (match printed sentences to the figures) and CB (match figures to the printed sentences), Reading Test of recombinative generalization sentences, Reading Test of comparisons sentences and test of learning maintenance after 30 days. Nine of ten participants had higher performance at posttest than in the pretest. The children had more errors in the phases that had critical differences. In the Reading Test of recombinative generalization sentences, two of ten children had a high percentage of correct answers. The results suggest that the procedure promoted the learning of sentences during the teaching; however, it was not sufficient for recombinative generalization.
Métodos de avaliação direta da força dos músculos do assoalho pélvico feminino: revisão sistemática e modelo de utilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Orth, Daiana Laurenci; Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721; Sousa, Vanessa de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6828633748010507; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8319028300234766
The pelvic floor muscles have an important role in supporting the abdominal viscera and also in urinary and fecal continence, also have an important role in sexual function of women. It is through the functional assessment of these muscles that is verified the efficiency of conservative treatment, for that were developed some tools, however, the dynamometer is the only one equipment which performs direct assessment of strength. The vaginal dynamometer is a device of difficult access, since most of it was developed by research groups and only one device is commercially available, but it still used only for study and research. This study is composed of a systematic review of the literature about vaginal dynamometers and a search for prior patents, to identify devices that perform direct assessment of the strength of the pelvic floor muscles to identify the technologies developed and their settings, as well as search for commercial equipment. The objective of this study was to propose a device to evaluate the pelvic floor muscles directly and objectively, from the prior art search. The objective of this study was to propose a device to evaluate the pelvic floor muscles directly and objectively, from the prior art search. Were found 13 equipments in the literature that varied in cylindrical, specular and spherical that have different dimensions in relation to the length and diameter. They have different numbers of sensors and different parameters evaluated, as well as maximum force of contraction of the pelvic floor muscles, some equipments evaluated resistance and tonus. Were found 14 patents of which eight were related to the equipment found in the literature. The patents have a less specific detail and may have more than one configuration for the same equipment. Only one commercial equipment was found, but its sale is restricted only to research, until this moment. At the end of this review, it was possible to make a proposal for intravaginal device, as well as integrating relevant characteristics to assess the direct force of the pelvic floor as well as other important aspects to evaluate the function of these muscles, and attempts to overcome some limitations of the present equipment in literature. It is concluded from the literature that the dynamometer is an important equipment to be developed because of its contribution to evaluation of treatment and greater understanding of the pathophysiology, and has great potential for innovation
Um sistema de reputação para interação baseada em serviços
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Molina, Fernando Henrique Ferrarezi; Guardia, Hélio Crestana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1780902767520967; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0945118062348054
Service-based communication is becoming increasingly relevant, as seen in the Internet of Things scenarios. Choosing an adequate service however can be a difficult task, as this form of communication may involve sensible resources and data. A trustworthy, safe, and privacy preserving mechanism is desirable for service selection. Reputation systems can help in this selection. This thesis presents a reputation system for service selection based on the security and privacy mechanisms of crypto-coins. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism in the identification of low quality service providers we also investigated the use of different formulations used to determine a reputation based on peer voting. Results from simulation show the proposed system architecture is viable and supports large adoption via a scalable infrastructure. The performance analysis of different formulations for the calculus of reputations also shows that the recent behavior of an entity is the most impacting factor in establishing its reputation.
História, autobiografia e ficção : a ilusão da realidade em partes de África
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Pires, Nayara Meneguetti; Rocha, Rejane Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5669300635333699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8959442231353525
Partes de África, by the Portuguese writer Helder Macedo, is intriguing due to fragmentation and profusion of speeches that assembles when unites diverse voices, memory, history, autobiography and fiction in what the narrator calls a mosaic-inlaid mirrors. If on the one hand the narrative fragmentation is not new, on the other, the mirroring undertaken between its various pieces inserts the narrative in an undecidable place, refusing theories and binarisms in which the colonial world was engineered. In addition, there is a constant flirtation with referentiality, highlighted by the metaficcionality of a narrator self-conscious of the relativity of truth. For this reason, we pursue the hypothesis that Partes de África refuses the traditional speech forms which are identified with the idea of the writing’s ability to apprehend the truth about a subject or about his own time, as is the case with traditional history, the autobiography or the novels of eighteenth and nineteenth century. It is evident in this novel, a narrative way of relating to reality that is typical of the contemporary world, which conceives the notion of subject and history as categories constantly changing because they are hopelessly being modified by the future. Subject and history are an eternal construction and, to show this dynamic character, the narrator makes use of strategies used by traditional speeches to create an illusion of reality just to destabilize them, presenting them rather an effect of reality.
Especificação de requisitos no domínio de sistemas de informação com o uso de padrões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Barcelos, Leonardo Vieira; Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9204784709289382
Studies show that the main causes of failures in software projects are related to the requirements specification document that contains incomplete, inconsistent and ambiguous requirements. The software development with quality requires a complete and consistent requirements specification. One of the problems faced by software engineers is that, sometimes, they do not know completely the application domain and have difficulty in communication with stakeholders to obtain the requirements specification. The knowledge reuse obtained from completed projects can facilitate the identification and writing of requirements in the elaboration of a complete and consistent requirements document. In the information systems domain it is common to find a set of requirements that has similar characteristics, which is present in different systems, indicating a possible requirement pattern. The advantage of using requirements patterns is provide to the software engineer a starting point for the elaboration of the requirements document, instead of starting from scratch to solve known problems. The requirements patterns can contribute to the improvement of software quality, minimizing the development time and cost, because previously defined and tested solutions are reused. In this dissertation it was developed a set of requirements patterns to assist the software engineer in the elaboration of requirements document of information systems. In order to facilitate and standardize the requirements document elaborated it was also developed a computational support based in that set of patterns. Case studies were used to evaluate the patterns and the computational support, with graduate students of UFSCar and UEMG, aiming prove the effectiveness of this proposal, as wellas to identify possible improvements. Analyzing the case studies conducted, it can be inferred that there is evidence that the elaborated patterns assist in the elaboration of a more complete requirements document, that the computational support is easy to use, and that there was an increased productivity, mainly of inexperienced developers.
Tratamento de imprecisão na geração de árvores de decisão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Lopes, Mariana Vieira Ribeiro; Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8477126045991210
Inductive Decision Trees (DT) are mechanisms based on the symbolic paradigm of machine learning which main characteristics are easy interpretability and low computational cost. Though they are widely used, the DTs can represent problems with just discrete or continuous variables. However, for some problems, the variables are not well represented in this way. In order to improve DTs, the Fuzzy Decision Trees (FDT) were developed, adding the ability to deal with fuzzy variables to the Inductive Decision Trees, making them capable to deal with imprecise knowledge. In this text, it is presented a new algorithm for fuzzy decision trees induction. Its fuzification method is applied during the induction and it is inspired by the C4.5’s partitioning method for continuous attributes. The proposed algorithm was tested with 20 datasets from UCI repository (LICHMAN, 2013). It was compared with other three algorithms that implement different solutions to classification problem: C4.5, which induces an Inductive Decision Tree, FURIA, that induces a Rule-based Fuzzy System and FuzzyDT, which induces a Fuzzy Decision Tree where the fuzification is done before tree’s induction is performed. The results are presented in Chapter 4.
Transmissão intersetorial dos ganhos de produtividade: evidências para o Brasil no período 2000-2009
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Gazonato, Mariana Camarin; Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3455553543736709; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7648344630013089
The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the capacity of sectors of the Brazilian economy to tranfer their productivity gains over the production chain, in the period 2000-2009. In this way, an adjustment is performed, through the structural decomposition technique of the input-output analysis of Dietzenbacher and Los (1998), of the method proposed by Greenhalgh e Gregory (2000). The fundamental assumptions, based on the structuralist current, are that the Industry tends to have larger increases in productivity and linkages with other segments of the economy, especially when compared to the Services. Together, these attributes would make that the productivity gains of the industrial sector propagate more intensely by the productive chain. The results show that in the period analyzed, the Agricultural and Services were the primarily responsible for transmiting these increments for the rest of the economy, instead of Industry, which moved forward losses of productivity. However, despite the Services have become more productive and transferred these gains over the production chain, the average transmission power of its segments was relatively low compared to the Industry's ability to transmit forward its productivity losses. This is because a considerable portion of the increments of the tertiary sector occurred in Personal Services, segment with reduced links in the production chain and whose goods meet, mainly, the individual consumer. The fact that the Industry ´s power transmission is, on average, higher than that of Services implies that if the industrial sector had increase its productivity, rather than decrease it, greater productivity gains would have been transmitted to the other segments of the economy that have been verified by the productivity gains of Services. However, it is important to stress that certain activities of the tertiary sector showed high potential to transfer these increments. This was the case of the Knowledge-Intensive Business Services.
A construção de um controle negociado : o trabalho dos auxiliares de fiscalização da prefeitura de Belo Horizonte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Araújo Filho, Tarcísio Perdigão; Georges, Isabel Pauline Hildegard; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8496471825849003; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5572951525210412
This research aims to understand how the control of practices in public spaces is elaborated, wich is part of the urban surveillance so called "fiscalização" of Belo Horizonte, under the protection of the Código de Posturas (2003). This is a social control which focuses on the regulation of street vendors activities, marked as "social problem" in a context of "urban order" promotion. Further than an analysis that prioritizes organizational or institutional ideal types, this research developed between 2013 and 2015, priorized the data collection "from inside", from an interactional point of view. For this, qualitative research techniques (interviews and observation) were operated in order to keep the subjects working practices as the main reference for descriptions and analyzes. These workers work daily on city streets in direct contact with the street vendors (interacting with other people, like other professional groups) in different part of the fronts of street surveillance: the plantões, the equipes de Apoio and the operações. In general, the practices of these assistants anticipates the participation of their bosses, the fiscais integrados (and other authorities in this field), reducing, as an effect, their workload. At the same time, these assistants actively participate of the situational production of references of differenciation (between formal /informal, bearable/unbearable) and social control as a whole. The research effort was to come up, in an interrelated manner, the various aspects that make up the street surveillance as a social construction. At the beginning, I analysed the strategic and managerial aspects enrolled in practical work of these agents in different working arrangements and enviroments, giving a focus on how the control is produced in a negotiated manner, although it is constantly rationalized as a tool for public space management. The analysis was enlarged by replacing the focus on the continuities and discontinuities between the private life aspects and the work aspects, from the reconstruction of trajectories of some of the research subjects. Through this perspective, it was possible to work out with some different social aspects (such as class and gender) in order to observe and describe the practices that reveal the main basis and senses of this social and relational control. All this conjugated analysis dimensions demonstrate how this particular control is produced. At the same time, it shows, from this field, some modes of circulation of power.
Checagem de conformidade arquitetural na modernização orientada a arquitetura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-03) Chagas, Fernando Bezerra; Camargo, Valter Vieira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6809743774407662; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8331107599914992
Architecture-Driven Modernization (ADM) is a model-based initiative for standardizing reengineering processes. Its most important meta-model is KDM (Knowledge Discovery Metamodel), which is a platform and language-independent ISO standard. A important step in an Architecture-Driven Modernization is the Architectural Conformance Checking (ACC), whose goal is to identify the violations between the Planned (PA) and Current Architectures (CA) of a system. Although there are ACC approaches that act on source-code or proprietary models, there is none for hystems represented as KDM. This absence hinders the dissemination of ADM and increases the interest for research that investigates the suitability of KDM in this context. Therefore, in this paper, we present ArchKDM, a KDMbased ACC approach that relies exclusively on the KDM meta-model for representing i) the legacy system under analysis; ii) the PA; iii) the CA; and iv) the violations between them. ArchKDM is composed of three tool-supported steps: 1) Specifying the Planned Architecture; 2) Extracting the Current Architecture; and 3) Performing the Checking. Our goal is to investigate the suitability of KDM as the main representation in all ACC steps as well as to deliver an ACC approach in the ADM context. We evaluated steps 2 and 3 of the approach using two real-world systems and the results showed no false positives and negatives.