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Comunidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos do rio Madeira e tributários no trecho de construção da UHE Santo Antônio do Madeira, Rondônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Nunes, Marcos Vinicius; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2486673216326112
The construction of hydroelectricity power plants in lotic systems promote changes in the morphological and functional characteristics of these ecosystems, also leading to changes in the structure and dynamics of biological communities, both, qualitative and quantitative. Among the communities usually inhabiting recently created reservoirs, benthic macroinvertebrates have special relevance for having close relationship with environmental factors, simultaneously and differently responding to environmental changes. Therefore, based on the hypothesis that the structure and composition of benthic community might be altered as a consequence of the river damming, the presente work had as its main objective to make a species inventory occurring in a stretch of the Madeira River, before and after the construction of the UHE de Santo Antônio do Madeira, determining the composition and spatial di stribution of Hirudinea assemblages, verifying if the Oligochaeta species associatins in Madeira River are similar to those found in other large South America rivers, and if the construction of the power plant altered the patterns of association and distribution of species. Besides that Chironomidae assemblages were analyzed aiming to see if they were also affected, looking at their responses evaluated by biological indices considering the environmental changes after river damming. For this, sediment samples were collected for benthic macroinvertebrates analyses in eight sampling points, being six located upstream the dam and two downstream, before and after damming. Water variables were in situ measured: pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and temperature, and the sediment collected for granulometric analyses and nutrient concentrations measurements. The results obtained showed that both, water variables and sediment size-fractions were altered in some localities influencing leeches assemblage composition and abundances. It was also observed that Oligochaeta assemblage had a pattern of species association and that it does not tend to disappear after the river damming. However, the river damming caused changes in the structure and composition of the populations of Chironomidae. A decrease in the richness of taxa and overall changes in the benthic community before and after damming was also observed, thus evidencing that dam construction acted as a controlling factor of benthic community. Although the taxonomic richness and diversity index have not responded to these changes, contrarily the β diversity and the relationship between diversity and abundance of classes were sensitive to changes caused by the damming.
Produção otimizada de 1,3-propanodiol, ácido propiônico, etanol e hidrogênio, a partir de glicerol bruto e cultura mista, em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidificado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Paranhos, Aline Gomes de Oliveira; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9803598246596705
This study aimed to optimize the production of hydrogen and other metabolites using crude glycerol as substrate, through design of experiments (DoE) and statistical process optimization. The first study aimed at optimizing the operational parameters of the fermentation process, and therefore, a mesophilic AFBR reactor was operated on 10 different phases, distributed as a combination of HRT and the glycerol concentration (Gc) proposed by a matrix containing CCD array containing 10 experimental trials. The HRT varied to 9.24h to 0.76h, while Gc ranged from 17.1g / L to 2.9 g / L. The results showed that the maximum conversion of glycerol (CG), 98.4%, was obtained using substrate concentrations lower than 5.0 g/L. The maximum yield (0.17 mol H2 / mol consumed glycerol) and H2 content in the produced biogas (87.4%) were achieved at concentrations greater than 10.0 g/L and HRT of 5h. Among the main soluble metabolites produced, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) and propionic acid (HPr) stood out. The maximum yield of 1,3-PD (1.05 mol 1,3-PD / mol consumed glycerol) was obtained with 10.0 g/L glycerol in HRT of 9,24h, whereas the maximum yield of HPr (0.71 mol HPr / mol consumed glycerol) was achieved with 15.0 g/L of glycerol and HRT of 2h. The second study, in turn, consisted of optimizing the culture medium components (glycerol, KH2PO4, yeast extract and vitamin B12), through batch tests, and subsequent application in AFBR reactor. The maximum hydrogen and ethanol yields, 0.006 and 0.291 mol / mol consumed glycerol, was obtained in optimal culture medium consisting of 26.53 g/L glycerol, 1.75 g/L KH2PO4, 0.0076 g/L B12 and 0.5 g/L yeast extract. The application of optimal culture medium in a continuous reactor did not result in improvement of H2 and ethanol yields, however, caused an increase in 1,3-PD yield, reaching a maximum of 0.38 mol 1.3-PD / mol consumed glycerol.
Alelopatia em Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. (Dennstaedtiaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Jatoba, Luciana de Jesus; Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1762622258880441
Pteridium plants are ferns (monilopytes) distributed all around the globe. These plants are considered problem species as they invade recently abandoned or burned areas, and areas under anthropogenic impacts. In Brazil, Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. has become an important problem species at the Cerrado (Tropical Savanna) and Atlantic Forest biomes. To understand the mechanisms underlying invasive plants success are one of the greatest challenges of the last decades. Among the interaction that can influence this success, we find allelopathy. However, untill now we have few evidences for this phenomenon on these plants, especially from the isolation and indentification of secondary metabolites with activities related to allelopathy. Therefore, the present work aimed to evaluate the allelopathy role by direct phytotoxicity and abiotic changes in Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon. dominance in the areas it invades. To do so, the bioguided phytochemical study of this plant tissues and litter was performed, as well as the evaluation of the phytotoxic activity of phenolic compounds present in its litter and of its isolated and identified secondary metabolite against the early development of sesame, verifying the presence of this compound in the soil, its quantification, and evaluation of its interactions with physical and chemical soil characteristics. The phytochemical study led to the isolation and identification of a majoritarian compound in the plants green fronds and litter, the proanthocianidin selligueian A. This is the first time this compound is described for P. arachnoideum, as well as for the Dennstaediaceae family. Selligueain A showed phytotoxic activity against wheat coleoptiles elongation, with inhibitory activity over 71%, and IC50 of 0.69 mM. The poliphenols enriched fraction extracted from P. arachnoideum litter exert inhibitory activity against the early development of bioindicators species, native and invasive species of the Cerrado biome, specially over the development of these seedlings roots, besides activity against the metaxylem cells of sesame, and against chlorophyll content of sesame and the native weed Setaria parviflora. The allelopathic potential of the main poliphenolic compound of P. arachnoideum, selligueain A, was also evaluated against the early growth of sesame seedlings, promoting root and shoot growth in all the concentrations tested. Sesame seedlings grown in the presence of selligueain A showed smaller metaxylem cells when compared to the control, in the concentrations of 0.3 mM e 1 mM, with 50.82% inhibition in the greatest concentration and IC50 value of 0.98 mM. There was no activity of selligueain A against chlorophyll content of these seedlings. Analyses of extracts of soil collect under a P. arachnoideum patches pointed to the presence of selligueain A as major compound in soil solution, and, therefore, as a putative allelochemical produced by this plant. The concentration observed for this compound in the soil raged between 0.02 and 0.65 mM. According to allelopathic potential results, this concentration rage is sufficient to act over cooccurring plant species, promoting P. arachnoideum dominance. The presence of P. arachnoideum in Cerrado areas alters the chemical conditions of the soil, especially regarding N and Al, when compared to the presence of U. decumbens. Additionally, Al concentration is correlated to litter mass and to selligueain A concentration at the sites sampled. These results corroborates the hypothesis of allelopathy as a dominance mechanism of this plant in the areas where it occurs, with the first report of an allelochemical for a Pteridium species, by direct phytotoxic activity as well as by controlling Al concentration at those areas.
Desafios para a gestão da saúde do trabalhador: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Zagato, Alexandre Ricardo; Sampaio, Sueli Fatima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737750473446351; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2644102816622109
In the last decades, several initiatives of the Brazilian society have been trying to consolidate advances in the public policies of integral attention in Occupational Health. The programs and actions in the field of Work Management and Health Education converge towards the consolidation of policies for valuing workers in health. In this context, the objective of this paper was to analyze the challenges that are required to achieve a policy aimed at occupational health, from an integrative literature review. The delimitations of the review were published between 2009 and 2019, searched in the Lilacs and Medline databases. The selected articles were analyzed using an analysis form proposed by the authors and specific considerations were analyzed using the Bardin analysis technique. The articles were grouped into six categories, so it can be understood that Occupational Health goes beyond the limits of occupational health, resulting from a set of political, social and economic factors. Then, when workers 'health is addressed in a way that promotes workers' health and reduces risks and health problems, through prevention, financial, structural and governmental incentives, training and updates of health professionals, there will be improvement in all limitations presented.
O condicional evidencial no gênero jornalístico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Lourenço, Fabiana Pirotta Camargo; Hirata-Vale, Flávia Bezerra de Menezes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2797556968074056; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2855892336281392
In this research, we propose the study of a type of evidential marker not yet described in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), the conditional tense, which indicates how the speaker had access to the information conveyed in the statement, in other words, what is the source of the information. The “evidential conditional value” has been studied in several languages. In French, Dendale (2010) seeks to characterize it and considers it as an essentially evidential use. In European Portuguese (EP), Oliveira (2013) analyzes it as a way that allows speakers to establish a detachment from the propositional content of their statements. On the other hand, Squartini (2001) describes this use in Romance languages (European Portuguese, English, French, Spanish and Italian), considering it a grammatical phenomenon internal to the verbal system. Therefore, based on the functionalist theory, in this research it is intended to make a detailed description of this conditional use in real contexts of use in BP. Based on occurrences provided by a corpus of the journalistic domain, comprising editorials, news and opinion articles, we aim to describe the functioning of the “conditional evidential value”, looking to set the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of this use. With this characterization will be possible to verify if the conditional morpheme can be considered a way of grammatically marking evidentiality in BP, a process which happens in other languages. This description will enable, besides, the verification of the discursive function of this use in the journalistic genres that compose the corpus. It is expected that the results of this research provide a refinement of the evidentiality category in BP, providing, in addition, a contribution to those who work with the journalistic genre, since this use can be considered an important discursive strategy in this area.
Trajetórias escolares de estudantes da UFSCar dos cursos de pedagogia presencial e a distância : contribuição ao estudo da formação docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Pereira, Mônica; Silva, Marilda da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0432607332289452; Buffa, Ester; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8723354256930377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9657694246508397
This work chooses as object of study the life and school trajectories of a student group of formal Pedagogy course (daytime and evening courses - campus of São Carlos) and Pedagogy distance course, at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The research has a descriptive and analytical nature and is based, as main theoretical analysis, on the studies of Pierre Bourdieu (1975; 1983; 1994; 1998a; 1998b; 2002; 2005; 2008; 2009), especially the notion of habitus, cultural capital, economic capital and social capital. The hypothesis is that students enrolled in the Faculty of Pedagogy in different modalities (formal and distance education) have different profiles and school trajectories. Thus, it is important to describe its trajectories, identifying how related they are, if similar or different, so that it is possible to understand the contents of each path in the light of certification specificity to which the Pedagogy course corresponds. The research’s basic procedure is to collect documentary data sources as: Pedagogical Project of the course in each modality, course’s legislation and bibliographical research on the theme. The first step in collecting the information for the profile of the students took place through a questionnaire with content involving socioeconomic aspects, family, professional, educational and cultural. 184 students (39, daytime course; 42, evening, 103, online) have participated in this first stage of the research. The second stage of the data collection was carried out through semistructured interviews on which 18 students (6, daytime course; 6, evening; 6, online) have participated. This study was based on content analysis (Bardin, 1977), and the organization of the data gathered aimed to present a quantitative and detailed description of the information obtained from encodings that had as a unity sense the school trajectories of the participating students. The search results provide information on teacher training and professional performance expectation of students, data that allow to reflect on the very configuration of the Pedagogy course in the two modalities. Regarding the school trajectories of students, it was observed that 71% of the investigated group underwent primary and secondary education in public schools. An important data in relation to the students enrolled in distance education programme is that 63% of this group have already completed other graduation course. A possible comparison between the group trajectories allowed to understand how social practices, economic practices, professional practices and cultural background from the family can interfere in school trajectories of students and, consequently, in the decision-making process for choosing Higher education.
Discursividade, poder e autoria em raps brasileiros e portugueses : arenas entre a arte e a vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Moreira, Tatiana Aparecida; Cunha, Maria Isabel Ribeiro Ferin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5870187942398757; Severo, Cristine Gorski; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3566456623347060; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0309472118985810
In this study, we aim at analyzing Racionais MC's group and rapper MV Bill raps, in order to examine how power operates in the instance of production of discourse, specifically in the construction of authorship, comparing them with the Mind da Gap group‟s and rapper Boss AC‟s Portuguese raps. To do this, we use as a theoretical and methodological scope studies of Michel Foucault (1995, 2002b, 2004, 2013) about the relationship among discourse, power and resistance, to ascertain the mode of production of these raps, as well as Bakhtin Circle‟s concepts (1995, 2003, 2010b, 2013) on dialogism, responsive-active attitude, authorship, surplus of vision / exotopy, to examine the specificities of the construction of authorship in Brazilian and Portuguese raps. Therefore, in a specific detailed chapter, we carry on about the listed theoretical concepts. The corpus selection based on the listed albums (Nada como um dia após o outro, 2002, by Racionais MC's group; Causa e Efeito, 2010, by rapper MV Bill; Matéria Prima, 2008, by group Mind da Gap; Preto no Branco, 2009, by rapper Boss AC) represent a phase in which the artists had already established their careers. The research also presents a contextualization of the Hip Hop Movement from the United States to Brazil and Portugal. In addition, the concepts of popular urban culture are discussed from Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b), Canclini (2002, 2006), Certeau (2001, 2003), Mayol (2005) and Hall (2003, 2004) perspectives. After the joints performed which culminated in the analysis of the raps, we conclude that the specificities for the construction of authorship in Brazilian and Portuguese raps can be summarized as follows: i) in the rap style that presents peculiarities; ii) the style that distinguishes the work in groups or individually; iii) the dialogue between the spheres of ethics and aesthetics.
Percepções de professores iniciantes de Geografia sobre o trabalho de campo na escola: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Roethig, Camila; Silva, Carlos Henrique Costa da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5444248390841543; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9126914555808328
Resumo em inglês não informado pelo autor.
Aplicação de biorreatores anaeróbios em diferentes temperaturas para produção de hidrogênio a partir de águas residuárias agroindustriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Ramos, Lucas Rodrigues; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1194041789932200
The present evaluated the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT), cheese whey substrate concentration, temperature in thermophilic range (55 a 75oC) and cofermentation of sugar cane stillage and cheese whey in continuous hydrogen production in anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) and expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB). Seven reactors were used, being three of them in EGSB configuration in mesophilic temperature (30oC) feed in different cheese whey concentrations were inoculated with mesophilic sludge from the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (RM5, RM15 e RM25). Other four reactors in AFBR configuration, inoculated with thermophilic sludge from the treatment of sugarcane stillage, were operated in thermophilic range. In these it was evaluated the effect of temperature in thermophilic range using as substrate cheese whey (RTS) and sugar cane stillage (RTV). Also, it was evaluated the cofermentation of stillage with cheese whey (RTCV e RTCVS). In the reactors RM5, RM15, RM25, RTS and RTV, it was observed the volumetric H2 production (HPR) and H2 content increase behavior from the HRT decrease. However, there was a decrease in H2 yield (HY) in lower HRT for all reactors, reaching a maximum of 5.51 ± 0.37 mmol.g DQO-1 (RTS). The increase in cheese whey substrate concentration favored the hydrogen production in EGSB reactors, with maximum HPR of 0.312 ± 0.026L H2.h-1.L-1 in the concentration of 25,000mg lactose.L-1 (RM25). The increase in temperature from 55oC to 75oC, the hydrogen production was reduced because of the difficult adaptation of the microbial community originally from a thermophilic sludge. The cofermentation strategy enabled the increase of HY in the HRT of 8h, with a maximum of 0.82 ± 0.07 mmol.g DQO-1 (RTCVS). The main soluble metabolites related to hydrogen production were acetic and butyric acids. On the other hand, higher lactate concentrations were observed in conditions with low hydrogen production.
Metodologia para guiar o desenvolvimento e implementação industrial de novas tecnologias unindo engenharia econômica e Engenharia de (bio)processos e sistemas : aplicação à produção de etanol de segunda geração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-18) Furlan, Felipe Fernando; Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba; Secchi, Argimiro Resende; Giordano, Roberto de Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873
Lignocellulosic ethanol, also called second generation ethanol, is a promising alternative for decreasing fossil fuel dependency globally. Nevertheless, its production process still needs further improvements in order to achieve industrial feasibility. Despite the massive experimental effort in this area, threshold values to be pursued in order to attain an economically feasible process are still missing. In this context, this study focused on constructing a methodology for economic evaluation of early-stage developing processes, such as second generation ethanol, aiming to show the R&D area directions to be followed for a successful industrial implementation of the process. The systematic procedure integrates bioprocess systems engineering (PSE) and economic engineering tools to perform a “retro” tecno-economic analysis. This analysis is able to identify the main process variables that influence the economic feasibility of the process and their target values. Initially, the methodology was tested on a case study involving the production of succinic acid from sucrose by fermentation. The methodology was able to eliminate one of the variables initially considered (sucrose conversion), due to its low influence on the process feasibility. Additionally, target values were obtained for the succinic acid concentration in the fermenter as a function of the selectivity and the specific productivity (the process variables chosen). Finally, the integrated production of ethanol from sugarcane juice and bagasse (first and second generation ethanol, respectively) was assessed. The three variables with the highest effect on the economic feasibility of the process were: the biocatalyst yield, the sucrose conversion and the solid mass fraction, both in the hydrolysis reactor. The reactor productivity, on the other hand, had little impact on the process feasibility. Besides, the experimental results already achieved the values needed for this variable. In general, the methodology was able to yield important information about both case studies required improvements for achieving economic feasibility. Although used in biochemical processes, the methodology is general, applying to all types of chemical processes.