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Estudo In vitro de nanocompósitos para a liberação lenta de nitrogênio sobre a alimentação animal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Cruz, Camila Conceição Tomé da; Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8316378632269541
Supplementation with nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) has been widely used in ruminant feeding in diets of low quality forages. This is because these animals have a number of microorganisms in the rumen able to use ammonia for microbial protein production of excellent quality, ammonia is obtained through the action of urease enzyme on the nitrogenous products supplied in food, for example, urea. However, an excessive consumption of urea may result in poisoning by NH3. Thus, a controlled release of urea into the rumen is an essential aspect for ruminants feed, but few studies to control the release of urea in the rumen have been identified to date Thus this paper proposes obtaining nanocomposites montmorillonite and urea, formulated by the extrusion process, as a source of slow-release nonprotein nitrogen on the feed. The materials were characterized by diffraction of X-ray (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (CHN). Also was studied the behavior solubilization in an aqueous medium of urea present in the nanocomposites. Characterization results can be observed that the montmorillonite exfoliation suffered in all nanocomposites, urea served as montmorillonite dispersed phase in a matrix. The release results showed that the presence of MMT acts as a barrier to release of urea making all nanocomposites have slower release of urea compared to the pure material In order to assess the effect of the use of such nanocomposites as non-protein nitrogen supplement for sugarcane (bulky), was carried out in vitro digestibility test for dry matter, which simulates the food digestion conditions in the rumen. Different nanocomposite showed gain on the digestibility of sugar cane, which is considered low quality forage, especially for presenting low protein value and be difficult to digest. The nanocomposite MMT/Ur 1:4/HG 2% was the most effective in increasing the digestibility of the sugar cane. The gain on digestibility was not very significant for displaying nanocomposites release kinetics urea very slowly, suggesting that an ideal release rate is required, being synchronized with the power supply supplied from the carbohydrate in the diet. The pH remained within the optimal range for urease activity, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing urea to ammonia and also for maximum microbial synthesis. These results show that the development of nanostructures is a powerful tool for increasing the efficiency of conventional fodder, and can serve as a basis for further in vivo testing.
Aspectos da biologia floral e da polinização do adubo verde Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. (Leguminosae, Faboideae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Santos, Thalita Cristina Silva dos; Agostini, Kayna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5894768661755535; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2357548571376630
Green manure is considered a viable and sustainable alternative to agricultural land. The positive highlight this practice results from the proof of the harmful effects of joint-soluble fertilizers with high oil costs and industrial fertilizers. Thus Leguminosae family has been the most used as green manure, as it brings many both the soil and to the plants. In this family there is the Mucuna p ruardievanns ta(Lg.e) sD fCor. (Leguminosae, Faboideae) species as one of the most used for this practice. However knowledge about their biology and especially in relation to aspects of floral biology and their pollinators about various species used as green manure are scarce. rTehpisro sdtuucdtyio ani mofe gdr etoe nv emraifyn uarsep Mecutcsu onfa fplorruarli ebniosl.o Fgoyr athnids , pwoell ininavteionnto trhieadt itnhfelu wenecaelt ht hoef fploorllainl avtiosrit obrse haanvdi opro lalinnadt/oorrs ; flvoerarilf ievdi saitso rm; oarnpdh olaongayl yaznedd flothrael bMio.l opgryu rinieflnuse nfceer titlhitey components through its fruiting rates and seed formation. To study the floral biology flowers were observed as to their flowering time and duration of anthesis. Visa also is change of color in the floral parts and stigmatic receptivity at all stages of flower development. Morphometry of flowers by the material preserved in FAA and in natura was verified. For the morphological and anatomical study of the keel light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used. The floral visitors were observed during their foraging activities and made autogamy test for the presence of spontaneous self. For fertility components was observed a difference in fruit development positions isne ethdes bina sthael, fmruiditsd lep oasnitdio nasp.i cTahl ein Mflo.r epsrucreiennces falonwd etrh ea ndthiffeesriesn hcaev ien stheeve fno rdmaaytsio. nA roef heteroclamídeas with purplish corolla dialipétala and zigomorfa. It is a monoecious aplnadnrto ewciiuthm aanred roteencsiuiomn eda nadn dg ycnooneficnieudm indsiiaddee tlfhoe skiemepl.l eI.n TKheee l gaypneoxe pcieutmal s aanrde joobinseedrv aendd i nlidginviifdieuda lsp rTesriegnotninag s ap imniepmesb r(aFnaeb rt.h) a(tH isym deiffneorpetnetr far:o mAp pideatael)a ra ntidss Vuee.s pWidearee of individuals presenting looting behavior. There was no significant difference between the number of fruits developed in relation to the position in the ionff lothrees cpeondcse .o fS eMleucctuivnea apbrourrtiieonnss. oMccuucrurenda aptr uar hieingsh,e rp frreesqeunetnecdy cinh atrhaec tbearissatilc rse gthioant distinguishes it from other species of the genus, since, it showed no need for pollinators for reproduction by the presence of autogamy. The presence of the membrane in Keel vertex possibly be the difference that provides the reproduction of trheipsr osdpuecctiievse. pBreofbolreem tsh.e Tshtuedrey oisf afe rgtirleitya t cionmvepsotnmeenntst ,i nit pisr opdouscstiibolne Mto. dpertuerciet ncse rltiattilne flowers to fruit formation occurring a great loss of energy descent to ensure species.
Efeitos do treinamento físico na hipertensão e na atrofia muscular em ratos tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Herrera, Naiara Araújo; Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0539590036930541
Dexamethasone (DEX) is widely used due to its potent anti-inflammatory effect, although its chronic use may cause unwanted effects, including arterial hypertension (H) and muscle atrophy. The mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear. Nervous system, microcirculation and oxidative stress may be involved in H. In addition, oxidative stress may also be responsible for muscle atrophy. On the other hand, exercise training (T) its recommended for H treatment and it is an oxidative stress modulator. The aim of this study was to investigate if DEX-induced H is associated with changes in the autonomic nervous system, microcirculation and oxidative stress. Moreover, it evaluated if arterial pressure (AP) reduction induced by T is associated with a better balance of these mechanisms. Still, it investigated if muscle atrophy was also involved with oxidative stress and if T could improve this response. Rats were submitted to T for 8 weeks or kept sedentary and then treated or not with DEX (50μg/kg/day for 14 days), composing four groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary DEX (SD), trained control (TC) and trained DEX (TD). Body weight (BW), basal AP, autonomic balance to the heart and sympathetic nerve activity to the vessels were analyzed. Aorta was collected for evaluation of oxidative stress and tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles were collected for microcirculation histological analysis and for gene and protein evaluations of gp91phox, p47phox, SOD-1, SOD-2 and CAT. DEX decreased BW (-29.1g), increased AP (+12.1%), TA muscle atrophy (- 8.2%), increased low-frequency waves to the heart (+58.5%) and vessels (+96.6%), decreased high-frequency waves to the heart (-12.0%), reduced capillary density and capillary-fiber-ratio (C:F ratio) in TA (respectively -21.9%, -11.1%) and SOL (respectively -25.9%, -22.2%) muscles. In contrast, T mitigated AP increase (-10.0%), atennuated low-frequency waves increase to the heart (-21.5%) and vessels (-8.4%) and also high-frequency waves decrease to the heart (+8.4%). Moreover, T prevented capillary density and C:F ratio reductions in TA (respectively, +46.0% +31.6%) and SOL (respectively, +44.4% +37.5%) muscles and increased SOD-2 and CAT protein level in TA (respectively + 37.4%, + 20.9%) and SOL (respectively +15.4%, +18.0%) muscles. The results allow us to suggest that DEX-induced H may be associated with changes in sympathetic nervous system to the heart and vessels, parasympathetic nervous system to the heart and also microcirculation rarefaction. In the other hand, T was able to mitigate AP increase due to autonomic balance improvement and rarefaction prevention. Since T increased rat´s antioxidant capacity independent of attenuation of muscle atrophy, we may suggest that oxidative stress is not involved in DEX-induced muscle atrophy.
Investigação de métodos de sumarização automática multidocumento baseados em hierarquias conceituais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Zacarias, Andressa Caroline Inácio; Di Felippo, Ariani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4398305062037262
The Automatic Multi-Document Summarization (MDS) aims at creating a single summary, coherent and cohesive, from a collection of different sources texts, on the same topic. The creation of these summaries, in general extracts (informative and generic), requires the selection of the most important sentences from the collection. Therefore, one may use superficial linguistic knowledge (or statistic) or deep knowledge. It is important to note that deep methods, although more expensive and less robust, produce more informative extracts and with more linguistic quality. For the Portuguese language, the sole deep methods that use lexical-conceptual knowledge are based on the frequency of the occurrence of the concepts in the collection for the selection of a content. Considering the potential for application of semantic-conceptual knowledge, the proposition is to investigate MDS methods that start with representation of lexical concepts of source texts in a hierarchy for further exploration of certain hierarchical properties able to distinguish the most relevant concepts (in other words, the topics from a collection of texts) from the others. Specifically, 3 out of 50 CSTNews (multi-document corpus of Portuguese reference) collections were selected and the names that have occurred in the source texts of each collection were manually indexed to the concepts of the WordNet from Princenton (WN.Pr), engendering at the end, an hierarchy with the concepts derived from the collection and other concepts inherited from the WN.PR for the construction of the hierarchy. The hierarchy concepts were characterized in 5 graph metrics (of relevancy) potentially relevant to identify the concepts that compose a summary: Centrality, Simple Frequency, Cumulative Frequency, Closeness and Level. Said characterization was analyzed manually and by machine learning algorithms (ML) with the purpose of verifying the most suitable measures to identify the relevant concepts of the collection. As a result, the measure Centrality was disregarded and the other ones were used to propose content selection methods to MDS. Specifically, 2 sentences selection methods were selected which make up the extractive methods: (i) CFSumm whose content selection is exclusively based on the metric Simple Frequency, and (ii) LCHSumm whose selection is based on rules learned by machine learning algorithms from the use of all 4 relevant measures as attributes. These methods were intrinsically evaluated concerning the informativeness, by means of the package of measures called ROUGE, and the evaluation of linguistic quality was based on the criteria from the TAC conference. Therefore, the 6 human abstracts available in each CSTNews collection were used. Furthermore, the summaries generated by the proposed methods were compared to the extracts generated by the GistSumm summarizer, taken as baseline. The two methods got satisfactory results when compared to the GistSumm baseline and the CFSumm method stands out upon the LCHSumm method.
Papel do treinamento físico aeróbio na modulação do balanço pró e antiangiogênico no músculo esquelético de ratos Wistar tratados com dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Jesus, Isley de; Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1732069858083060
Dexamethasone (DEX) is widely used in clinic due to its effectiveness as anti- inflammatory. Nevertheless, its chronic use may cause unwanted metabolic and hemodynamic alterations, which contribute for the development of hypertension. Arterial hypertension may be determined by increases in cardiac output or peripheral resistance and rarefaction may be associated with this response. Microcirculation maintenance is dependent on the balance between anti-apoptotic and apoptotic proteins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), known to be a key-regulator protein of the physiological angiogenesis, helps to maintain this balance. We recently demonstrated that high doses with DEX-treatment reduce VEGF protein levels, but the mechanisms involved in this response were not evaluated. In the other hand, it has been shown that aerobic training (T) is a good strategy in preventing rarefaction and/or stimulating angiogenesis, however almost nothing is known about the effects of T on microcirculation and hypertension induced by DEX. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms induced by T that can contribute to attenuate DEX-induced rarefaction. Wistar rats were subjected to an aerobic exercise protocol on the treadmill or kept sedentary for 8 weeks. Additionally, animals were treated with DEX or saline (50μg/kg, s.c. for 14 days). Groups were: sedentary control (SC), DEX sedentary (SD), trained control (TC) and trained DEX (TD). Body weight (BW) and arterial pressure (AP) were analyzed. After euthanasia, adrenal gland, myocardium, SOL and TA muscles were weighted and normalized by tibia. The cross-sectional area (CSA), capillary:fiber ratio (C:F ratio), capillary density (CD) and protein levels were evaluated in SOL and TA. Treatment with DEX caused reduction in BW and in muscle weight (MW) in TA. DEX treatment also determinated decrease in CSA (TA). Further, C/F and CD were also reduced (-41 and -43%, SOL) and (-30 and 68.6%, TA). Training was able to prevent C:F ratio and CD reduction (72.7 and 81.0%) and (32.9 and 54.2%) induced by DEX- treatment. Furthermore, DEX significantly reduced protein levels in SOL and TA muscles VEGFR-2 (-14.6% and -20.1%), VEGF (-15.6 and -19%), Bcl-2 (-18.4 and20.5%), Bcl-2/Bax ratio (-29.0 and -13.7%) and p-Bax/Bax (-25.4 and -20%), beyond COX-2 in TA (-22.8%). DEX also promoted increase in caspase-3 cleaved (25 and 24.1%, SOL and TA). Moreover, training was able to prevent reduction in proteins levels in DEX-treated groups in SOL and TA: VEGFR-2 (14.7 and 25.2%), VEGF (15.3 and 25.3%), Bcl-2 (21.6 and 35.5%), Bcl-2/Bax ratio (26.1 and 19.9%), p-Bax/Bax (23.7 and 32.1%) and COX-2 (31.5%) and the increase in caspase-3 cleaved (16.0 and 17.8%). In conclusion, these results showed that DEX-induced rarefaction promoted imbalance between apoptotic and angiogenic factors, become one possible causes of hypertension. However, also showed that aerobic training is a good strategy to attenuate DEX-induced rarefaction and this response may involve a better balance between apoptotic and angiogenic factors, which contribute for the attenuation of hypertension.
Redes de atenção à saúde : concepções e ações de nutricionistas em região do interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Rossi, Gabriela Perussi Carizani; Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0580546835532381
The Care Networks Health to constitute an innovation in the organization of actions and health services, with the formation of regionalized and hierarchical network with different technological densities. These are formed from different health care points, in order to produce a positive impact on health indicators of the population. The implementation of these networks suggests an improvement of the process of realization of the Unified Health System (UHS), and also the prevalence of multiple technical interventions, articulated by the interaction of agents from different professional areas. In order to strengthen the further network, the nutritionist insertion is indispensable in the multidisciplinary team, promoting health and preventing the occurrence of new cases of diseases related to food and nutrition, agile, economical, sustainable and efficient manner. This study sought to understand the role of the nutritionist in the Health Care Networks in the São Paulo region. The population was composed of 14 professionals working nutritionists in the Health Care Networks of the 24 municipalities members of the DRS III – Araraquara/SP. The tool used for data collection in the first stage of the study, was the e-mail, via Google Drive, a Google application package, containing identification data and semi-structured questions. These data were interpreted and analyzed quantitatively. In the second stage of the research, an interview with open questions directed to the theme and the data were analyzed qualitatively and performed using the content analysis technique, taking into account the theoretical and methodological framework. The results showed that the number of nutritionists in the health services is inadequate, that the formation of these dedicated professionals for activities in the UHS is deficient and that nutritionists have a superficial knowledge about the thematic networks. In addition, the results presented show that nutritionists have some difficulties in developing its work in the Health Care Network. However, it became clear that the professional nutritionist presents a range of possibilities of action in the health service and a facility in interdisciplinary work, whose skill is essential to work in public health.
Português como Língua de Acolhimento : um estudo com imigrantes e pessoas em situação de refúgio no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) São Bernardo, Mirelle Amaral de; Barbosa, Lúcia Maria de Assunção; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5030878430187815; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1487117671763782
Teaching Portuguese as Foreign Language (PFL) in Brazil has undergone significant changes, as the Brazilian society. On the one hand, there is a growing number of foreigners seeking for the dream of a better life in this country. On the other, the country is unprepared social and politically in welcoming them. Although Brazil has registered in its history a strong link with immigration from various sources, it does not have effective public policy on immigration. However, the country has opened its doors to Haitian and Syrian immigrants, for humanitarian issues, and it has also received immigrants from other countries in different regions of the world. This research presents data related to the growing number of immigrants and asylum seekers in Brazil, the profile of these individuals and, above all, the role of language learning in the process of hosting these people, given that the various skills to be developed by the people who arrive are not their responsibility only of, but it is also responsibility of those who receive them. In this sense, helping them to learn the language of the country that receives them is the first action of hosting these individuals. This study is an action research inserted in a course for immigrants and refugees at the University of Brasilia, whose teaching material was prepared by topics such as work, housing, health and social relations, considered of greater urgency for linguistic, cultural and labor integration of these people. This research presents a (re)construction of the concept of language, which we call hosting language. During the research, we monitored the course called Módulo Acolhimento, observing and recording some lessons in audio, applying questionnaires and conducting interviews with the participants.
Propriedades estruturais e magnéticas do isolante topológico Bi2Se3 com aglomerados de FexSey
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Vasconcelos, Hugo Menezes do Nascimento; Vidal, Franck; Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7062879414561730
In this work, we discuss the growth of Fe containing Bi2 Se3epilayers on the GaAs(111) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with Fe contents of in the 8- 20% range. It is shown that Bi2 Se3 film thin are grown with quality and the Fe form a phase segregation of Fe x Sey material that may have different stoichiometries possibity, leading to magnetic and superconducting results. Despite the composite structure, the surface state of Bi2 Se3 is preserved as shown with persistence of Dirac Cone of the Γ point by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES). It was observed that higher Fe content deposited is increased formation of compound responsible for ferrimagnetic layers together with the superconducting phase supposed. The Fe3Se 4 was the most abundant type of segregation in all samples, with the results ferrimagnetic these samples at temperatures around 315 K.
Oxidação preferencial de CO em catalisadores à base de ouro : estudo do efeito do suporte e do método de síntese do catalisador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Miranda, Aline Rodrigues Lopes; Gomes, Janaina Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6718634914051168; Assaf, José Mansur; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2338318076586637
The CO preferential oxidation reaction (PROX) is used in the purification of hydrogen streams for various applications. Since the discovery of improved catalytic properties of gold particles, at nanometer range, in the CO oxidation reaction at low temperature, Au catalysts have been the subject of numerous investigations of CO oxidation and PROX. Concerning the heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst activity is determined by several factors: the nanoparticles size, the metal loading and dispersion, the nature and porosity of the support, and the metal/support interaction. To understand the dependence of the support and the influence of the synthesizing method on the material properties and catalytic performances, gold nanoparticles supported on three different oxides (CeO2, MnO2 and TiO2) were successfully synthesized by the deposition precipitation (DP) method, using urea, and modified polyol (MP) method, using PVP as surfactant and sodium borohydride as reducing agent. Additionally, Au/SiO2 was obtained by the DP method. Characterizations were performed to assess the crystallinity, the metal mass percentage, the reduction temperatures and the respective reducing gas consumptions of pure oxides and supported materials synthesized by both methods. In addition, microscopic pictures were obtained to evaluate the materials morphology and the gold nanoparticles diameter. The Au catalysts synthesized by the DP method presented smaller particle sizes as compared to catalysts obtained by the MP method. Catalytic evaluation of the CO oxidation and PROX reactions were performed using temperature ramp starting at room temperature up to 200 °C. As a comparative parameter, the ratio between the catalyst mass and the gas feed flow remained constant at 1 mg / 1 mL / min for all reactions. The results showed that Au supported on TiO2 prepared by the DP method presented complete CO conversion at room temperature, but with the simultaneous supply of H2, this catalyst tends to oxidize H2, decreasing the CO conversion activity. On the other hand, the Au/CeO2 catalyst prepared by the DP method presented activity up to about 200 °C for PROX and better selectivity towards the CO2 formation.
Caracterização de cinzas de queima de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e prospecção de sua utilização como adsorvente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Cacuro, Thiago Aguiar; Canela, Maria Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0089739298242263; Waldman, Walter Ruggeri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4782607993099360
The ashes resulting from the burning of sugarcane bagasse is a heterogeneous material and has various applications as an adsorbent. To enhance and assist in prospecting new applications is critical to better understand the properties of the material. In this work, its morphological, spectroscopic and elemental characterization of the ashes of sugarcane bagasse from three different plants and two different harvests and the prospect of its use as an adsorbent. The particles of the ash were separated according to their density and in order to characterize, FTIR was used in the investigation of chemical groups present in the samples, additionally to the SEM and EDS elemental and morphological characterization of the particles present in the samples. Cenospheres, spherical particles present in ash, were identified as coreshell structure, where the core is a mixed metal oxide and the shell is a layer of silicon dioxide. The correlation between the ratio of the relative abundance between the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups and the mass distribution of the granulometric extracts were used as indirect measure of the level of oxidation of the samples. The ashes’ adsorption capacity showed affinity for the methylene blue dye with an adsorption capacity of 39 mg of dye per gram of ash used, in contrast to the low adsorption of potassium chromate solution, 1.2 mg per gram of ash.
Variabilidade genética e análise de parentesco de animais de cativeiro Muriqui-do-sul (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. GEOFFROY, 1806)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Magrini, Fernando Peron; Blanck, Danielly Veloso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4060033502460829; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3889934462264130
The main threat to biodiversity and genetic diversity of natural populations is habitat fragmentation, caused by continuous anthropic actions such as deforestation, mining and hunting, all connected to human development. These activities have direct consequences on both vegetal and animal species, altering richness and modifying population dynamics by affecting physical, chemical and biological processes linked to the populations. In this context, captive populations of threatened animals take on huge responsibility onto conservation of several species providing a source of genetic material and ecological relations. Therefore, management of these populations is fundamental to avoid captive associated problems, and one of many tools used to achieve such goals resides in the genetic characterization of populations. The southern muriqui is the biggest neotropical primate, endemic of Atlantic Forest, it is in the threatened animals list of IUCN at the category “Endangered”. We used 8 heterologous microssatellite loci to characterize the genetic variability and verify possible parentage relationships between 18 captive individuals. Results show that the allelic richness and genetic diversity identified in captive animals is similar, otherwise higher when compared to other captive and in situ studies, contradicting prevailing literature. We achieved values of mean expected heterozygosity of 0,619 and mean richness of 5,253. Parentage analysis may have left some doubts still, but revealed several new relationships between some individuals whose pre-captive origin is uncertain. This essay supplies fundamental information for creating an ex situ management strategy aiming reproduction and maintaining genetic variation found at Brazil´s captivities today. We also stress the importance and need to produce a studbook for this specie, which may assist the management itself as well as future work with the specie.
Destilação instantânea em regime transiente: Dorna Volante modificada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-29) Keocheguerian, Candara; Moura, Luiz Fernando de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8402398821052101; Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3618691030393718
In the intense search for better environmental conditions, it is necessary not only to invest in renewable fuels but also to seek improvements in the production processes of these fuels. With this in mind, in this work the study of the ethanol production process was carried out using a “Flash” whose dimensioning was proposed by Souders-Brown (1934) in a transient regime. The proposed tests were made by changing the initial concentration of ethanol in the mixture, the number of holes in the orifice plate and the initial mass. The tests were carried out with an initial load of 40 kg and 80 kg, with initial mass fractions of 10%, 7% and 4% and 8 or 4 holes in the plate in order to verify which scenario would present a reduction in the volume of vinasse and also a possible savings in steam consumption. All tests were performed in triplicate and the samples taken to determine the mass concentration of ethanol were performed using a refractometer and chromatography. The most promising results were obtained using an initial mass of 40 kg, 10% of mass fraction and 8 holes, where it was possible to observe a reduction in the volume of vinasse of 82% and a concentration of solids of around 22%. Despite this, the initial concentration of ethanol in wine in ethanol production processes is around 7% and, for this case, it was possible to observe a final solids concentration of only 14%. The ethanol recovery for both tests mentioned was 99.9%. The amount of reused water is of paramount importance, given that water is a valuable and indispensable asset to life. As a result, we were able to reduce transport costs, which are also reduced thanks to the amount of solids present, decreasing the volume of liquid applied to the soil. For the tests with 80Kg of initial mass, it was possible to obtain based on the results obtained that the design proposed by Souders-Brown for “flash” drums is not suitable for this case, as it oversizes the steam space. The oversizing of the vapor space can be proven by analyzing the mass fraction of ethanol in the tributary after ending the experiment where a collection was performed 24 hours after the experiment indicated in Experiment E40.10.08, for example, the mass fraction of ethanol in the last collection was 2.5% and 24 hours after the experiment, the fraction was 2.71%, proving the oversizing.