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Efeitos de um programa de caminhada orientada na qualidade de vida de mulheres adultas e idosas atendidas na atenção básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-30)
Cerri, Natalia Caroline
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Gomes, Grace Angélica de Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231669265846900
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Carbol, Maristela
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9852217198710064
Regular physical activity (PA) has the key role in the promotion of basic health benefits and, consequently, a good quality of life (QOL). The study evaluated the effect of a Program of Guided Walk (PGW) in relation to the QOL of adult and elderly women in high social vulnerability context, met in Primary Health Care (PHC) in São Carlos-SP, in the pre-intervention times, post-intervention and follow-up. It is a quasi-experimental study, not controlled, longitudinal and quantitative. For data collection characterization instruments of socio-demographic and economic aspects were used, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and WHOQOL-bref, which were filled through individual interviews with 28 participants. These made use of the accelerometer for four days in each evaluation period. For intra-group analysis, a descriptive analysis and data normality test were done; it has become necessary to use ANOVA for repeated measures and Friedman normal and non-normal data, respectively. In addition, it used the analysis by intention to treat (ITT). It was considered significant p<0.05. The average age of participants was 51.6 (DP± 14,8 years, in his married majority (67.9%), with education being one to eight years (53.6%) and less individual income or equal to the minimum wage (53.6%). In relation to the subjective levels of PA, participants doubled median with respect to the PA as a transport medium (p=0.035), and the PA domain Leisure (p=0.015), with significant differences in the studied periods. The objective analysis of PA levels of the participants showed an increase in counts for minutes (CPM), but no significant difference in three stages; and in relation to QOL levels, no significant differences were evaluated also. The physical domain showed marginally significant differences, with p=0.064. It is concluded that the extension of longitudinal studies are required to perform PA PHC interventions in vulnerable communities, by establishing a temporal relationship between the studied factors, and it may contribute to the development of more effective policies and programs.
A relação entre o desempenho do estoque e o desempenho financeiro na indústria brasileira entre os anos de 2004 e 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-30)
Perressim, William Sbrama
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Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5721902195529308
The efficiency of a production system is characterized by its ability to produce more with fewer resources. In this sense new strategies for inventory management emerge, to minimize the impact of this factor in the results of the organizations. Literature in operations management deals with a long time to study and analyze the relationship between the stock of the economic and financial performance. But even in the face of decades of research, some issues show up unanswered. In this sense this work is to analyze the influence of the stock's performance on the economic and financial results, making use of indicators based on Gross Profit, Operating Income and Net Income, analyzing the relationship between the composition of these indicators and their effectiveness in isolating the effect of stock on economic and financial performance. For such a set of 56 industries with publicly traded and listed on the BM&FBovespa, were analyzed their data financial performance and operational arranged in the form of panel, with the start in the 1st quarter of 2004 and finish in the 4th quarter 2014 total so 11 years and 2376 observations. Regression analysis with panel data using the model of generalized least squares indicated that the economic and financial performance is positively impacted by stock, that is, reductions in inventory levels should impact in better profits for the organization. also indicated the ROABruto (Gross Profit) and BEP (Operating Income) show to be more influenced by the stock compared to indicators based on net income.
Efeitos da presença do cachorrro na tolerância e avaliação de situação aversiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-30)
Garcia, Laura Sodré Galvão
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2219685530641895
Fatores associados à internação hospitalar por tuberculose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-30)
Silva, Daiane Alves da
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Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2553039069094683
Even after 50 years of knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) disease still remains one of the major health problems globally. Treatment occurs in home or hospital level and although there is the first advantage over the second, the hospitalization rate is still high in Brazil. This scenario reflects the often difficult access to health services, since the Primary Health should be the gateway of those TB patients, to diagnose and treat these individuals, the hospital would be indicated only in special cases. The literature suggests that in developed countries the reasons for hospitalization of patients with TB are more related to the failure or drug intolerance, while in developing countries the poor condition and cachexia. Knowing the factors that determine admissions for TB can act early in the main groups vulnerable to hospitalization, avoiding complications of the disease and unnecessary hospitalizations. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors associated with hospitalization of patients with TB. We carried out an epidemiological, observational and retrospective of cases reported in GVE XII Araraquara, in 2009-2013 and recorded in the TB-web information system, comparing patients who were hospitalized for TB with those who underwent treatment on an outpatient basis. The following variables were analysed: sex, age, education, occupation, date of notification, date of start of treatment, type of treatment, type of event, type of closure, classification, discovery, date of first symptoms, smear, associated diseases (HIV, diabetes, alcoholism, mental illness, drugs, immunosuppression, smoking, other.), strength, length and reason for it. We used univariate analysis and logistic regression multivariate analysis, adjusted odds ratio as a measure of association and 95% confidence interval. They studied 982 individuals, 298 hospitalized (30.34%) and 684 with outpatient treatment (69.65%); in the multivariate analysis was a higher chance of interaction between males (OR: 2.350; p = 0.001), lower education (OR: 1.793; p = 0.014), with comorbidity (OR: 1.811; p = 0.006) wherein the type of breakthrough did not occur in outpatient (OR: 6.941; p = 0.000), between which lacked occupation (OR: 1.797; p = 0.007) and those in the form of the disease was extrapulmonary (OR: 0.510; p = 0.013).It was concluded that there is evidence that socio-demographic, clinical and operational factors are associated with hospitalization for TB. Actions to these factors as well as these most vulnerable groups become essential to fewer hospitalizations for TB.
Inflamação no tecido adiposo visceral em ratas ovariectomizadas : efeitos do treinamento resistido e da reposição de estrogêni
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-30)
Rodrigues, Maria Fernanda Cury
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8239825852579803
The ovariectomy associated with decreased estrogen is associated with increased prevalence of obesity, a condition that increases the risk of metabolic syndrome. Evidence shows that inflammation-induced obesity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) promotes deregulation in the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Hormone replacement (HR) and resistance training (RT) have beneficial effects on postmenopausal women, but it is unclear whether these interventions are effective in minimizing inflammation in VAT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RT and ER in adipocyte size, gene expression and protein concentration of inflammatory markers. Rats Sprague-Dowley females were divided into six groups: Sham-Sedentary (Sham-Sed), Ovariectomized Sedentary (Ovx-Sed), Sham-Trained (Sham-TR), Ovx-TR, Ovx-Sed-ER and Ovx-TR-ER. The ER was performed using Silastic® capsules. During the 12- week RT, the animals climbed a ladder with weights attached to the tails. The morphology was confirmed by histological analysis. The gene expression was performed by RT-PCR and protein concentration by Multiplex / Luminex assays. Ovariectomy increased adipocyte size and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory molecules in TAV, which was partially restored by RE. In turn, TR, was able to minimize the increase in inflammation in TAV of Ovx rats. We conclude that ER and TR were effective in alleviating inflammation promoted by Ovx in TAV.
Compostos carbonílicos heterobimetálicos de Ru(II)/Fe(II) : propriedades citotóxicas e estudo da interação com BSA e DNA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-30)
Dávila Rodríguez, María José
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7409614784274265
Ruthenium and iron-based drugs are an option for the development of improved chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment with lower toxicity. Thereby, this work present the in vitro cytotoxic activity and in vitro interaction studies of Calf-Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the synthetized carbonyl heterobimetallic compounds of Ru(II)/Fe(II) with general formula ct-[RuCl(CO)(N-N)(dppf)]PF6, with N-N = 1,10-phenantrholine (phen, 1); dipyrido[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline (dpq, 2); dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz, 3); dipyrido[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline (dpqQX, 4) and dppf = 1,1’-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene. Spectroscopy (IR, UV-vis and 1H-13C{1H}- and 31P{1H}-NMR) and voltammetry techniques along with elemental analysis were employed for the characterization of the complexes. Spectrofluorimetric titrations shows strong and spontaneous interactions of 1–3 with BSA through a static quenching mechanism resulting in binding constants in the order of 104 - 106 L·mol-1 at 310 K. Viscosity measurements and circular dichroism spectra prompts interactions of 1–4 with CT-DNA via non-classical intercalations or by an electrostatic pathway. MTT assays in cell lines MDA-MB-231 and V79-4 revealed IC50 values at range of 0,19 – 1,11 µmol·L-1 and 1,29 – 3,85 µmol·L-1 respectively, after 48 h of exposure to 1–4. However, stability studies of solutions 1 mmol·L-1 of 1–4 in DMSO shows their rapid reaction with this solvent.
Structural properties of nanoscopic ring systems and their optical response
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-30)
Oliveira Neto, Vivaldo Lopes
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Richard, Victor Lopez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4492188799583104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6937374774888445
In this thesis, the electronic and structural properties of nanostructured systems were studied aiming to get a realistic model for quantum rings, potentially adaptable for quantum dots. To attain these goals, several studies supported by experimental results were carried out that allowed the introduction to the building blocks for the theoretical models such as: the envelope function approach within the k.p approximation in quantum wells, and quantum ring/dot with perpendicular magnetic field and without spin-orbit interaction. In these models, the effects of size, strain and localization were subsequently introduced to understand the ring formation process and their effects in the photoluminescence and magneto-photoluminescence. The experimental results of atomic force microscopy indicated the importance of structural properties and the types of asymmetries possibly found in quantum rings after the growth process. The understanding of these effects and the evidence of the anisotropy in a preferential direction of the ring helped building more realistic models for the potential profiles. Various systems were then studied with success. They also included a controllably magnetic field (both in magnitude and orientation), beside the geometric deformation, making the ring ellipsoidal, and taking into account the spin-orbit interaction. The most realistic model was used to analyze the Berry phase generation and the relative weight of the contribution of each term of the Hamiltonian.
Institucionalização de políticas LGBTs : um estudo sobre a criação do tripé da cidadania LGBT no município de São Carlos entre os anos de 2009 e 2012
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-30)
Vergili, Guilherme Efraim
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0600905367662578
From the mid-1990s the development of public policies for the LGBT segment gained prominence in Brazil, adopting a promotional bias of human rights (Carmona, Prado, 2009; Carrara, 2010). But it was at the end of the next decade with the holding of conferences and the establishment of a "tripod of citizenship" (consisting of a council, an agency in the executive branch and a policy plan) in the federal government that the institutionalization of these policies was strengthened by the other federative entities. The municipality of São Carlos is characterized as being one of the first cities in São Paulo state to adopt public policies aimed at the LGBT segment through the interaction of governmental and the organized group "ONG Visibilidade LGBT". Thus, we intend to analyze the formulation of sexual diversity policy proposed and developed by the City of São Carlos, between the years 2008 and 2012, through the research on the process of entry of this issue on the government agenda. Through the validation of the Multiple Streams framework, developed by John Kingdon (1995 [2003]), which analyzes qualitatively the process of schedule training and the actions proposed by the government to deal with them, it is intended so with the political science literature bring light on the issue of sexual diversity develops as government policy at the municipal level.
Síntese e desempenho de catalisadores com estrutura do tipo pirocloro para produção de gás de síntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Ramon, Adriana Paula
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Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6638732964385112
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising process in syngas generation with low molar H2/CO ratio. Syngas production is of great interest for many processes, such as obtaining liquid fuels by Fischer-Tropsch. The main problem in DRM is the large formation of carbon depositions over the catalyst. Catalyst with pyrochlore structure, A2B2O7, presents uniform distribution of active metals into the lattice, resulting in a dispersed metal with good interaction with surface, reducing metal sintering and deactivation by carbon deposition. In this work, Zr was partially substituted by Ni, Co and Ru on the B site of La2Zr2O7 and Ni was added on the B site of La2Ce2O7 and La2Sn2O7. All the catalysts were prepared by a modified Pechini method. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction with H2, fluorescence X-ray, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopic. The catalytic activity was tested in temperatures from 500 to 800°C, at intervals of 50°C. The catalysts containing Ce and Sn in the B site were not active in the dry reforming of methane, neither the catalyst containing Co and Zr in the B site. During stability runs, it was observed that LaZrNi was not stable, presenting rapid deactivation. The containing Ru catalysts were most active that the Ni ones. The results in this study indicate that oxides with pyrochlore structure are promising to catalyze dry (CO2) reforming of methane, they proved to be active even with Ni and Ru content very low at the catalyst surface.
Percepções, atitudes e expectativas de agentes comunitários de saúde sobre usuários de drogas e seu processo de cuidado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Batista, Karen
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6945435487560109
The Ministry of Health's policy for integral care to drug users calls for social integration and the promotion of autonomy of these subjects through place-based approaches and community with the participation of users and families in the care process, and social control assistance. The competent care model for this is the Family Health Strategy (FHS), which includes the Community Health Workers (CHW). These CHW are professionals who mediate between the community and the health team in the care process. To support the qualification of these professionals to care for people who use licit and illicit drugs, we investigated the perceptions of the same on these users through a qualitative research previously approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research of the Federal University of São Carlos, SP. To identify the CHW with experience in the care of people who use drugs to the interviews, the quantified experience of each one through a window specifically for this, applied to the total of 43 of these professionals working in health teams family under the single Family Health Support Centers of Rio Claro, SP, at the time of the study. Interviewing the CHW in descending order of the scores given by the experience rating indicator of each was obtained saturation of findings at the end of the tenth semi-structured interview. In light of the theoretical framework of the clinic of the subject and the integral care, we analyzed the speeches of the interviewed by thematic categories. The findings suggested a predominance of moralizing perceptions about the use and on and drug users, understanding these people as devoid of reason, requiring police intervention, legal or repressive nature of health. Against the Psychiatric Reform and social rehabilitation, there was institutionalization of expectations and an outsourcing of care, although at times the CHW own question the effectiveness of practices based on hospital-centric psychiatry. Overall, it was found that there are still actions based on common sense and lack of access to technical and scientific information that are reflected in disparaging view of the user and discomfort in dealing with them. Initiatives of a comprehensive care, which considers and promotes the autonomy of the subject were found in a few moments; significant of them understood as impact of its participation in the Care Pathways course, offered by the Ministry of Health to improve care to drug users under the ESF. Such a course has shown as the only training that CHW received on care to drug users. It was concluded that still prevails a stigmatizing view by CHW about who uses drugs, from a still lay understanding of the matter. However, there is provision of these professionals qualify this view and address the problem of use and drug users in the community in which they operate. Therefore, the development of matrix support spaces and regular Continuing Education projects for CHW and other Family Health Strategy professionals is appropriate to have such discussions and qualify the care of drug users.
Análise do manejo das águas pluviais no município de São Carlos : estudo da bacia do córrego Santa Maria do Leme
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Pelissari, Mario Henrique Dias
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7715521182341803
A major challenge of Brazilian municipalities is to harmonize urban growth with the provision of public service. São Carlos, a municipality in the State of São Paulo also tries to solve this issue. The lack of urban planning coupled with the absence of occupation control measures promotes the soil sealing, which is responsible for the flooding in the valley bottoms. Considering this scenario, the object of study of this dissertation is the creek watershed Santa Maria do Leme. This watershed, even undeveloped, suffers with the occurrence of flooding in the region of its mouth. The aim of this study was to identify the main factors that contribute directly or indirectly with the flooding in the watershed. To this end, the following analyzes were performed: chronological analysis of the evolution of the runoff coefficient and the design flow by Rational Method ; analysis of velocity and capacity of flow in urban crossings; and analysis of the main legal instruments and the direct actions of the municipality in the management of urban drainage. The results indicate a problematic assessment of the region. Were analysed six crossings and only two have enough transport capacity for the flow of current project, and the municipal Master Plan indicates the region free of this basin as a potential area of urban expansion, a fact that may further aggravate the problems.
A narrativa web como espaço de encontros entre mídias, cultura e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Nogueira, Hellen Ovando da Camara
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Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2066311922958455
In this dissertation we propose the study of the many associations conducted by the YouTube channel named Porta dos Fundos while it articulates various media formats and promotes the hybridization between serialized narrative and Brazilian traditional television humoristic shows with the intention of creating new practices, experiences and meanings of consumption, focusing on the web as its main media. Since the narrative ways proposed by Porta dos Fundos are part of an established social, cultural and political ecosystem, this research aims to investigate how that narrative acts together with this ecosystem by means of the thematic behind the sketches. To achieve this objective, we analyze the elements composing: I) the media used to exhibit the narrative (Internet); II) the aesthetics and structural components of the television makeup used while making audiovisual products to the Internet; III) the relationship between those texts and the contemporary context. Therefore, we understand Porta dos Fundos as an audiovisual piece immersed in the spirit of its time, with this research seeking to single out the many clues provided by its text that can help to grasp the social and historical environment that coexists with the narrative.
Estudo da autonomia pessoal de usuários em início de tratamento por uso de drogas ilícitas no centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Silva, Adriano André da
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Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
The biopsychosocial phenomenon of drug use becomes a challenge to the health promotion because of the multitude of factors involved; among them, the subject's autonomy. Aiming to identify and understand a set of aspects related to personal autonomy for the use and search for treatment because of disorders related to use of illicit drugs, we used the clinicalqualitative Method and interpretive interactionism to investigate the people's autonomy in the beginning of the treatment at CAPS- AD São Carlos, SP. The data obtained through nondirected interviews done with ten of these subjects were organized into thematic categories, which the content analysis showed that some people had a voluntary action, both for the drug use and for the search for treatment. However, others did not recognize their volitional intention for drug or had their self-care autonomy impaired. On the other hand, it was observed that the reflection about the use condition itself seems to move people to search for treatment. Therefore, it is important to consider that the subject's autonomy is crucial for both the determination by the use of drugs and for seeking treatment and self-care, although it may be impaired in some circumstances. This implies that the treatment project for the care of people who use illegal drugs need to consider the reflections and decisions of the subject itself about their living conditions and the maintenance of the use factors, as well as the possibility of choice and improved quality of life.
Fabricação de biossensor óptico de glicose em alumina anódica porosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Ferro, Letícia Mariê Minatogau
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Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5881132977859625
Porous anodic alumina (PAA) has been used as platform for the manufacture of optical sensors. Itshows chemical resistance, thermal stability, hardness, biocompatibility, high surface area which facilitates interaction with the analyte and good morphological organization with the possibility to manipulate its pore size. Furthermore, PAA shows optical responses characterized by Fabry-Pérot interferences that can be obtained by photoluminescence and reflectance spectroscopy. Besides the surface of the AAP can be modified by Layer-by-Layer technique (LbL) in order to enhance optical sensors. Changes in Fabry-Pérot interferences can be monitored and analyzed as sensor responses. In this work, LbL film were deposited using hydrochloride polyallylamine (PAH) and glucose oxidase (GOx) for the purpose of manufacturing an optical biosensor for glucose detection. A protective bilayer of PAH and poly (vinyl sulfonic acid) (PVS) was assembled. The growth of the films were monitored by photoluminescence and total reflectance techniques. In addition, biosensor tests were carried out by immersing PAA in glucose solutions with different concentrations in order to check for changes in Fabry-Pérot oscillations. Analyzing the results, orderly growth of LbL film and biosensor response were verified. Results of the biosensor test were characterized by displacements of Fabry-Pérot interferences to shorter wavelengths and by multivariate analysis. Limit of detection determined by qualitative analysis of the Fabry-Pérot oscillations was 0.1 mol.L-1 to both PAA without surface modification and modified PAA. By using partial least squares (PLS) regression, it was possible to determine glucose from 0.1 mol.L-1 with PAA without modification and 0.01 mol.L-1 for PAA with LbL film. Furthermore, it was also verified the viability of using chemometrics to examine Fabry-Pérot interferences obtained with the PAA as an alternative method shown in the literature, which involves concepts of Fabry-Pérot equation.
Desenvolvimento de metodologias para identificação molecular do HPV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Rocha, Bruno Garcia
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Oliveira, Marcos Antônio de
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Matheucci Junior, Euclides
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4503704334231412
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5676405845397797
The Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) is a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) very common in the world. It infects the human epithelium may persisting of asymptomatic form or causing some neoplasia. Many studies report the association between HPV and many kinds of cancer such as: lap utero, anus, penis, vagina and vulva. According to INCA data for the year of 2016 are expected 16.340 new cases of lap utero cancer, being the second most frequent case in the female population in Brazil. For the recognition of the virus, there`s a lots of tracking methods, as morphological test (pap test), that observes cytopathic effects caused by the virus on human cells, suggesting the existence of infection, however this type of test presents low results and has shown high taxes of false negative and positive results. To overcome this problems, countless studies has shown the effect of molecular techniques utilization to increase the sensibility and especially, getting recognize and genotyping the HPV virus. On this recent studies, were tested distinct molecular techniques for typing the HPV virus, as Conventional PCR followed by Sanger Sequencing , Real time PCR (SYBRGreen® e Taqman ®) and Sequencing of New Generation. Altogether were collected 318 samples pf cervix grated, and from this material were collected the DNA using an adapted protocol (POWELL; GANNON, 2002). Using the conventional PCR technique followed by Sanger Sequencing we obtained 65 positives samples for the HPV(21%), in 49 samples(75,3%) it was possible to identify the HPV type, in the other 16 samples(24,7%) it was not possible the identification, probably because the infection was formed for two or more types of the virus. With the real time PCR technique using SYBRGreen®, were accomplished an experimente with 30 samples, which was possible to confirm the results in 28 of it, using Sanger Sequencing. In two samples the results are not confirmed, being possible to positive the sample, showing high sensibility of the real time PCR technique. The methodology of New Generation Sequencing (NGS) it showed useful for HPV identification, being one of the first studies published for routine use. And it has great prospects because besides HPV can identify other microorganisms in the sample and quantifies them as well.
Análise e modelagem da síntese enzimática de galacto-oligossacarídeos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Schultz, Guilhermina
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Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
;
Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
Galactooligosaccharides are indigestible oligosaccharides with recognized prebiotic capacity. They can be synthesized enzymatically from lactose-rich substrates using the β-galactosidase enzyme by means of a kinetically controlled reaction in which they are intermediates (synthesis) in the hydrolysis reaction. The predominance of synthesis on the hydrolysis depends mainly on the concentration of lactose and origin of β-galactosidase, but it also depends on other factors, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength and water activity. Apart from pure lactose, other substrates with high concentration of lactose may be used, such as whey and whey permeate. The objective of this research was to study the enzymatic production of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose and whey permeate using free β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis to reach mathematical models that enable the use computational tools for process optimization. A rotational central composite design to verify the influence of pH, temperature and ionic strength in the initial rates of hydrolysis and synthesis, selectivity and total enzyme activity was used. Lactose (pure or present in whey permeate) were used as substrate (220 g/L) and the reactions were conducted in a potassium phosphate buffer (various concentrations) in the presence of cofactors (10 mM NaCl, and 1.5 mM MgCl2). The results showed that, within the studied region, both rates, of synthesis and hydrolysis using lactose or permeate, increase with temperature increase and pH decreases. Selectivity is maximized by increasing pH. Stability analysis of β-galactosidase Kluyveromyces lactis was also addressed. These tests were performed in presence of cofactor, incubating the enzyme in potassium phosphate buffer. The temperature was varied from 35 to 45 ° C (pH 7 and 50 mM), pH 6 to 8 (35 ° C and 50 mM) and ionic strength 25 to 200 mM (35 ° C and pH 7) and samples were collected over time. Among tested models, what best fits the experimental data is the reversible inactive intermediate model. However, this model could not predict behaviors such as those obtained when using 25, 100 and 200 mM. Fitting of kinetic models for GOS synthesis were made by nonlinear regression. Experimental data of different GOS synthesis assays employing lactose and whey permeate as substrates was used. The results showed that a simple model (which does not take into account the formation of galactobiose) does not fit the experimental data. Recent model proposed in the literature that takes into account such training, fits the data, but it has a problem of phenomenological inconsistency. The model proposed in this work fit the experimental data and does not show inconsistencies in the balance of glucose residues per galactose. Moreover, the model allows the estimation of GOS fraction formed only by galactose, which allows to discriminate disaccharides into galactobiose (having prebiotic properties) and lactose.
Obtenção e caracterização de linhagem de Escherichia coli adaptada ao glicerol bruto proveniente da síntese de biodiesel por engenharia evolutiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Miranda, Letícia Passos
;
Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505
;
Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel and its production generate raw glycerol (RG) as main byproduct. The use of RG as carbon source in microorganism cultivations poses as an alternative to add value and reduce the environmental impact of this residue. However, RG impurities (salts, esters, alcohol and soap) can inhibit cell growth. Techniques that aims adapting microorganisms to environments containing contaminants by adaptive evolution have been employed to overcome inhibition problems. Adaptation strategies allows imposing a certain selective pressure upon the population, favoring the appearance of mutants and selection of most beneficial mutations, which will make the cell more suited to develop itself in a hostile environment. This work employed Adaptive Evolution methodology to obtain an E. coli K12 strain adapted to RG concentrated by rotary evaporation (RGRota). Cultivations were carried out in plates (E. coli – USP strain) incubated at 37 ºC, as well as shaken flasks (E. coli – UMinho strain), kept at 37 ºC and 300 rpm, involving transfers to defined media gradually enriched with RGRota. Obtained evolved strain as well as the wild-type strain E. coli – UMinho were characterized in cultivations using 2 L, bench-scale bioreactor, equipped with monitoring and control system. During shaken flask experiments, growth was followed by optical density (OD) readings. In bioreactor cultures, samples were withdrawal to analyze cell concentration of the suspension (OD and dry cell weight), concentrations of glycerol, ethanol and organic acids (liquid chromatography), concentration of viable cells (colony forming units counting) and morphology. Cultures characterization were carried out with E. coli – USP in shaken flasks, the values of maximum specific growth rate (μmax) remained between 0.40 e 0.45 h-1 and they showed little influence of strain or media composition. These results suggest that the selected strain did not have differentiated characteristics from the wild-type strain. For E. coli – UMinho, two adaptation strategies were evaluated: successive transfer during exponential growth phase (OD = ~2.5) and during stationary growth phase (OD = ~10). In both cases cells evolved, showing increased μmax values, with more homogeneous populations being observed for adaptation conducted under the first strategy. After 26 days of adaptation, corresponding to 534 generations, an evolved strain, exhibiting μmax of 0.60 h-1 and capable of growing in medium containing 29 g/L of glycerol from RGRota was selected by the methodology of successive transfers in exponential phase. This growth rate was 27.6 % superior to that achieved by the wild-type strain (0.47 h-1). Evolved and wild-type strains were cultivated in bioreactor, containing defined medium prepared with GBRota to have 40 g/L of glycerol. The evolved one maintained μmáx of 0.61 h-1. Acetate formation was observed, with yield of 0.19 g acetate/g glycerol, which caused growth inhibition and limited biomass yield to 0.26 gbiomass/gglycerol. When the wild-type strain was cultivated in bioreactor, exponential growth started after 24 h of lag phase and it presented μmax of 0.28 h-1, biomass yield of 0,39 gbiomass/gglycerol and acetate yield of 0.19 gacetate/gglycerol. The evolved strain obtained, capable of growing in the biodiesel production residue, showed a μmax value similar to the best results reported in the literature for E. coli adaptation in pure glycerol (0.7 h-1), what demonstrates the successful application of the adaptive evolution methodology. Acetate accumulation can be reduced by Genetic Engineering techniques to manipulate metabolic pathways and this will lead to development of an industrial strain which can be employed as a platform of high value products using unrefined glycerol as substrate.
Efeito da razão carbono:nitrogênio no cultivo heterotrófico de cianobactérias unicelulares e filamentosas em vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Fonte, Jéssica Cristina
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Bastos, Reinaldo Gaspar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9329363278429665
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9541338468836264
Several researches suggests heterotrophic metabolism in some strains of cyanobacteria, allowing its application in the development and consumption of organic molecules and nutrients in wastewater. Vinasse is the main wastewater from sugarcane processing, both in terms of composition and volume, and this presents a considerable variation in chemical composition, directly affecting their relationship carbon:nitrogen (C/N). Aphanocapsa holsatica is a unicellular cyanobacterium with proven foto-heterotrophic growth. Geitlerinema sp it is a filamentous cyanobacterium that has the ability to form aggregates, sedimenting in culture medium. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the cultivation of cyanobacteria in sugarcane vinasse adjusted with different initial C/N ratio. The experiments were firstly set up in shake flasks for screening of the C/N ratio that allowed the largest biomass production and/or carbon and nitrogen uptakes. In the C/N ratio selected, experiments were set up in a bench bioreactor, with aeration and mixing, in addition to online monitoring of pH and gases. Results showed growth of both microorganisms to the C/N ratio range tested, with high productivities in 5 and 40 and larger carbon and nitrogen removal by Geitlerinema. In the bench bioreactor, Aphanocapsa presents low oxygen demand, carbon and nitrogen removal about 25 and 18%, respectively, and a maximum specific growth rate about five times higher (0.5 h-1) obtained in the shake flasks. For Geitlerinema sp, in C/N ratio 5 presents carbon consumer first-order kinetics, enabled high removals around 85%. Experimental data indicate the feasibility of growing in both cyanobacteria vinasse in the C N ratio range from 5 to 40, with high conversion of biomass to unicellular cyanobacterium and high carbon removal for filamentous cyanobacterium.
Modelos multiestado com fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Costa, Renata Soares da
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5240818542524622
Often intermediate events provide more detailed information about the disease process or recovery, for example, and allow greater accuracy in predicting the prognosis of patients. Such non-fatal events during the course of the disease can be seen as transitions from one state to another. The basic idea of a multistate models is that the person moves through a series of states in continuous time, it is possible to estimate the transition probabilities and intensities between them and the effect of covariates associated with each transition. Many studies include the grouping of survival times, for example, in multi-center studies, and is also of interest to study the evolution of patients over time, characterizing grouped multistate data. Because the data coming from different centers/groups, the failure times these individuals are grouped and the common risk factors not observed, it is interesting to consider the use of frailty so that we can capture the heterogeneity between the groups at risk for different types of transition, in addition to considering the dependence structure between transitions of individuals of the same group. In this work we present the methodology of multistate models, frailty models and then the integration of models with multi-state fragility models, dealing with the process of parametric and semi-parametric estimation. The conducted simulation study showed the importance of considering frailty in grouped multistate models, because without considering them, the estimates become biased. Furthermore, we find the frequentist properties of estimators of multistate model with nested frailty. Finally, as an application example to a set of real data, we use the process of bone marrow transplantation recovery of patients in four hospitals.We did a comparison of models through quality teasures setting AIC and BIC, coming to the conclusion that the model considers two random effects (one for the hospital and another for interaction transition-hospital) fits the data better. In addition to considering the heterogeneity between hospitals, such a model also considers the heterogeneity between hospitals in each transition. Thus, the values of the frailty estimated interaction transition-hospital reveal how fragile patients from each hospital are to experience certain type of event/transition.
Existência de atrator para problemas com operadores monótonos e dominados pelo p-Laplaciano com difusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-03-31)
Couto, Thays Regina Santana
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Carbone, Vera Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8281633043632854
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2451692263315560
This work is about the upper semicontinuity of the family of global attractors associated to nonlinear reaction diffusion equations whose principal part is determined by maximal operator monotonous governed by degenerate p-Laplacian in which the diffusion d blows up in localized regions inside the domain.