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Efeito da história experimental na sensibilidade às contingências em participantes flexíveis e inflexíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07) Zerbinatti, Ana Lídia Fonseca; Reis, Maria de Jesus Dutra dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8868678989340770; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0164439915692531
This study aimed to investigate whether a previous history of learning by instructional control, in both the previous story of the subject or immediately following an experimental condition, could differentially affect the sensitivity to contingencies. Replicating previous studies, the authors sought to address a possible history of control by following rules, assessing the presence of flexibility or inflexibility indicator’s in their repertoire. Therefore, we evaluated 212 undergraduate students who responded to the Rigidity Scale of Rehfisch; 114 were implemented by virtual media and 98 during individual meeting. Of the 23 participants assessed who met inclusion’s criteria, 13 agreed to participate in the study, seven were recruited by personal application and six through online assessment. Eight participants were males and five females, aged 18-31; nine participants presented scores agreed as flexible and 4 others as inflexible. The experimental condition is the execution of tasks on a matching-to-sample schedule (MTS), arranged in two phases, through appropriate software. In Phase 1, the participants were divided into the training of two different instructional conditions: 1) instructions corresponding to the contingencies programmed; and 2) discrepant instructions. Considering the participants of the Group Flexible, 5 were exposed to instructional correspondence training and 4 the discrepancy; two inflexible participants were assigned to each instructional training conditions. Eleven of thirteen participants reach the learning criteria, required in Phase 1, during 69 or less trials; the two participants who did not meet the criteria were allocated in the Flexible Group (P167 and P184) and were submitted to the discrepant training. In Phase 2 was scheduled during a single experimental condition, similar to all participants, with the presentation of 80 trials, divided into 4 blocks of 20 each. The first and third blocks have been programmed accordingly to the instructions; the second and fourth block presented contingencies that were instructions’ discrepant. Six of the nine flexible participants presented a percentage of responses equal to or greater than 70% accuracy, in the first block of discrepant trials, during the Phase 2; two of the three participants presented lower percentage of correct answers, had a history of learning by discrepant instructions. Participants of the inflexible Group showed higher percentage of correct answers, when they had been subjected to a discrepancy during in training. It was addressed how these results either replicate or present differences from the literature in the area.
Mining ontologies to extract implicit knowledge
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07) Navarro, Lucas Fonseca; Appel, Ana Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6279577249131944; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289186954993246
With the exponentially growing of data available on the Web, several projects were created to automatically represent this information as knowledge bases(KBs). Knowledge bases used in most projects are represented in an ontology-based fashion, so the data can be better organized and easily accessible. It is common to map these KBs into a graph to apply graph mining algorithms to extract implicit knowledge from the KB, knowledge that sometimes is easy for human beings to infer but not so trivial to a machine. One common graph-based task is link prediction, which can be used not only to predict edges (new facts for the KB) that will appear in a near future, but also to nd misplaced edges (wrong facts present in the KB). In this project, we create algorithms that uses graph-mining (mostly link-prediction based) approaches to nd implicit knowledge from ontological knowledge bases. Despite of common graph-mining algorithms, we mine not just the facts on the KB, but also the ontology information (such as categories of instances and relations among them). The implicit knowledge that our algorithms will nd, is not just new facts for the KB, but also new relations and categories, extending the ontology as well.
Notas discursivas sobre autoria na rede (WEB) : o funcionamento polifônico da autoria no sistema computacional NELL
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07) Hruschka, Estevam Rafael; Baronas, Roberto Leiser; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6157887530785428
This research work aims at giving thought to the authorship concept when applied to a computational system – NELL (Never-Ending Language Learner) - that was designed to read the WEB in order to automatically build a consistent knowledge repository to be digitally stored. The internet is the primary input source for the system, and using a so called “neverending” reading process, the computer program is capable of accessing and fetching the whole internet content. Following the idea of exploring the relations and interactions among concepts, contexts and facts stated over the internet, the computer system will generate its own knowledge base, which will allow it to immediately answer questions on any domain. Considering the promising initial results obtained so far, studying and investigating theoretical approaches proposed by researchers from de authorship over de internet, having NELL as co-reference, is the main goal of the scientific research described in this document. This work is guided, basically, by the theoretical presupposition, as well as by the position and opinion of the following researchers: Michel Foucault, in its work: “O que é um Autor?”; Dominique Maingueneau: “Doze Conceitos em Análise do Discurso”, “Cenas da Enunciação” and “Discurso Literário”; Sírio Possenti: “Indícios de Autoria”; the Roger Chartier approach based on Michel Foucault work “O que é um Autor? Revisão de uma genealogia”; and Eni P. Orlandi: Interpretação; Autoria, leitura e efeitos do trabalho simbólico. Which are works that explore the target research topic. Based on the performed studies and analyses, our initial conclusions reveal that NELL’s authorship happens as in a polyphonic game of different voices.
Descrição e classificação das construções conversas do Português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-07) Calcia, Nathalia Perussi; Vale, Oto Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0230905960655088
This dissertation proposes an analysis about the relation between pairs of constructions, both with support-verb and predicative name, such as João deu uma ajuda ao Pedro/Pedro recebeu uma ajuda do João. This relation is called Conversion (G.GROSS, 1989), a transformational property that inverts the arguments of the subject position and the phrase complement, without changing their semantic roles, restructures a sentence inverting sense from active to passive. Thus, by inverting the standard support-verb (dar, fazer ou ter – to give, to do or to have) for a converse support-verb (receber, levar or ter – to receive, to lead or to have), the conversion produces equivalent syntactic-semantically sentences. The analysis of this type of construction is done systematically, based on Transformational Grammar (HARRIS, 1964) and theoretical-methodological model of Lexicon-Grammar (M.GROSS 1975, 1981), adopting formal criteria of linguistic description. The proposed classification is based on the set of support-verbs that each predicative noun selects such in the standard position, as in converse position. This criterion proved to be the most appropriate at this moment, because the predicative nouns constitute a very heterogeneous group, by the syntactic-semantic point of view. The sentences that exemplify constructions converses are validated introspectively and through of a corpus, where it can identify its structure with better precision. In addition, their structural, distributional and transformational properties are formalized in a table of Lexicon-Grammar, that is, is a binary matrix in which each row corresponds to a lexical entry (the predicative noun) and each column corresponds to a formal property of the construction. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the linguistic description of Brazilian Portuguese, taking into account that this type of construction was studied only for the French (G.GROSS, 1989), European Portuguese (BAPTISTA, 1997) and more recently to the Romanian (CIOCANEA, 2011). The constructions description with support-verb and predicative noun, may collaborate in texts analysis, identifying information and the structure‘s form, then, consequently, enriching the description of the language. Besides, the results‘ representation in binary matrixes provides a formal description enough to be used in auto applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP).