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Desenvolvimento de um ensaio mecânico não convencional para a análise da relaxação de tensões do politetrafluoretileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Melo, Caiuã Caldeira de
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
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Canto, Leonardo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123
The mechanical behavior of materials usually depends on room temperature and loading rate. The identification of the time-dependent mechanical behavior is a great difficulty for the industry in the application of new materials such as polymers, mainly for long-term behavior. In this context, several experimental apparatus for measuring mechanical properties of long-term behavior have been developed. Generally, these devices are expensive and its use is unique to a specimen tested at one time. This study is a development of a new technique and methods for the characterization of time-dependent mechanical behavior in longterm tests. The hole-shaft coupling test (HSCT) was developed to the low cost of implementation and, especially, not a continued occupation of a testing machine for long periods, allowing the performance of more than one test at the same time. The HSCT results revealed the stress relaxation effects on polytetrafluoroethylene over several days. An optimization with finite element (FE) simulations assistance was carried out to characterize the viscoelastic material and obtain Maxwell generalized model parameters, an analytical formulation was also performed. Additionally, the strains were measured during recovery of the material by digital image correlation (DIC). The HSCT proved to be feasible for measuring the long-term stress relaxation, demonstrating the advantages mentioned above. The FE simulations reproduced qualitatively the mechanical behavior of the material, as well as the analytical model developed. Measurement of strain recovery after HSCT via DIC is presented a way to enrich the characterization of the material.
Cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris em diferentes concentrações de vinhaça e fontes de luz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Souza, Andréa Cristina Moralez de
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1818385536348054
The effluent from the sugarcane (sugar and ethanol) industry known as vinasse presents high content of organic matter and nutrients that can be used in the cultivation of microalgae with the advantages of low cost and reuse of byproducts. This work proposes to investigate the best cultivation condition of Chlorella vulgaris (BEYERINCK, 1890) in agroecological vinasse treated and diluted in concentrations from 10% to 60%. It is noted that the vinasse carries microorganisms as bacteria and yeasts, and despite previous treatment of algal cultures, other microorganisms were always present. For algal growth, we initially tested different light sources (fluorescent, hot white LED and hot white with red LED). It was guaranteed the same light intensity (120μmols m 2s-1) for any of the vinasse concentrations. It was assessed the algal cell density, the pH and conductivity over 96 hours. The best result for growth of C. vulgaris was obtained in vinasse 20% in the presence of hot white and red LED with a growth rate (1.45 d-1), higher than the control (1.29 d-1). In a next step it was performed the microalgae cultivation in the best condition tested (20% vinasse) to evaluate the photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of biomass produced in addition to the physicochemical characterization of vinasse before and after cultivation. The results showed a reduction of the photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll concentration during the experimental period, suggesting mixotrophic metabolism possibly due to the presence of organic carbon. We observed that the biomass production was 40% higher in the vinasse in culture as compared to the control. The production of proteins and fatty acids was also higher in the biomass held in vinasse than in the control. The cultivation of the organisms led to a significant reduction of nitrogen levels (98%) and potassium (70%) in organic vinasse. This research has shown that microalgae cultivation in vinasse reduced the nutrient content of the residue, this factor has high impact when discarded in the environment and produced a biomass with high protein content and the presence of fatty acids that confer high commercial value, it can be investigated for the production of animal feed. The academic experience related to this study was also contributor of formal education in high school from a public school.
Envolvimento dos trabalhadores em grupos de melhorias : estudos de caso sobre o seis sigma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Zanca, Camila Garcia
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Rachid, Alessandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
This study aims to understand how Six Sigma has been appropriated by companies, considering the involvement of blue collar workers in improvement teams, its composition and objectives prioritized by the method approaches in companies. Quality methods, especially those related to Japanese model, such as Total Quality Management, recommend the involvement of workers. Six Sigma, latest diffusion method, has particular regard to the organization of work, marked by studies that identify a more limited involvement than recommended by manuals Six Sigma and compared the quality methods used in the past. For its pioneering adoption of management practices, consisting of reference even for other sectors, the automotive sector was chosen to conduct the research, specifically the auto parts segment. In view of different uses of quality methods by companies, five case studies were conducted, as well as analysis of previous survey and information gathered in telephone interviews with six other companies. It was identified that the involvement of workers occurs mainly in quality control and suggestion programs, whose different formats can promote varying levels of involvement. Involvement with Six Sigma, in turn, is restricted to the collection of information for improvements. It is less likely workers were involved in the decision of the improvements to be developed and the full cycle of projects. The main reasons cited for not involve workers with Six Sigma were the complexity of statistical tools, the difficulties in giving training to workers and jobs cuts embedded in some improvements in the projects promoted. The company that promoted greater involvement has a consolidated experience in problem-solving teams, which joined the Six Sigma elements. This hybridization between methods was also observed in another participating company in relation to kaizen. A less significant involvement was observed in the company whose approach to Six Sigma is directed primarily to cost reduction. Since being acquired by a holding company, this company has restricted the participation of workers, signaling that the management of shareholders may be greatly influenced the organization of work, which is reinforced by the analysis of projects and implementation of Six Sigma in this company. The case studies contribute to the understanding of changes in work organization related to the spread of Six Sigma and the predominance of financial logic.
Estudo do pré-tratamento hidrotérmico e hidrólise enzimática da palha de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Souza, Renata Beraldo Alencar de
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8409898535548523
The complex cell wall structure of lignocellulosic biomass makes pretreatment one of the most relevant 2G ethanol production process steps due to the difficulty of hydrolyzing lignocellulose to fermentable sugars and the cost of the process as a whole. The optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions is crucial for reaching high yields that make the process feasible. In this way, the aim of this work is to assess the stages of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic fraction of straw sugarcane. All samples were chemically characterized before and after the pretreatment step. Hydrothermally pretreatment was evaluated in four conditions: 170ºC / 5 min, 170ºC / 15 min, 220°C / 5 min, 220°C / 5 min, and 195ºC / 10 min. Higher hemicellulose removal (85.58%) was found at 195ºC / 10 min. This operational condition was set as a reference. Hydrolysis experiments were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks at 50ºC, 250 rpm and pH 4.8, with a reaction volume of 50 mL. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first, the effect of substrate concentration was evaluated varying solid load (5; 10; 15; 20% msolid/vsolution) with enzyme load constant in 13 FPU.gbiomass. At 72h of enzymatic reaction, cellulose conversions were: 72% (5% of solids), 84% (10% of solids), 72% (15% of solids), and 59% (20% solids). In the second set, the enzyme (Cellic®CTec2) load effect (3; 7; 10; 13; 16; 40 FPU/gbiomass) with solid load settled at 15% (msolid/vsolution), was assessed. For assays with 15% of solid load, cellulose conversions were: 48% (3 FPU/gbiomass), 58% (7 FPU/gbiomass), 66% (10 FPU/gbiomass), 72% (13 FPU/gbiomass), 71% (16 FPU/gbiomass), and 74% (40 FPU/gbiomass). A trade-off between solid load and enzyme dosage was found (15% m/v and 13 FPU/gbiomass) which results in 72,4% of cellulose to glucose conversion. After that it was studied the products inhibition effect on hydrolysis was assessed. glucose and cellobiose (10 and 30g.L-1) caused a higher inhibitory effect. Xylose did not show the significant inhibitory effect on β-glucosidase. However, glucose and cellobiose had significant inhibitory effects on endoglucanase and exoglucanase as well as on β-glucosidase. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted in the batch reactor (3 L) with 10% solids to compare the performance with the hydrolysis conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks. At 72h hydrolysis cellulose to glucose, conversion was obtained in 84.8% (Erlenmeyer flask) and 80.2% (in the reactor); hydrolysis profiles obtained were similar in both conditions evaluated. In face of this, it was opted by conduct experiments in bioreactor (50 mL) using solid loads of 15 and 20% showed the best cellulose to glucose conversions when compared to those carried out in shake flasks in the same conditions.
Secagem de materiais têxteis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Caneda, Chaiane Messa
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Ferreira, Maria do Carmo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070885875161111
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5288147854256960
The fabrics are derived from fibers, which are divided into to main groups: natural (like cotton) and chemical (such as rayon and polyester). In the processing of the fabric, drying is a major operation, contributing to the finishing and obtaining a fabric with greater brightness and also better touch. However, each tissue has a different structure and different composition which can influence its absorption capacity and retention of water. The aim of this study is to analyze the drying of 3 types of fabrics (polyester, toweling and jeans), and evaluate how the material characteristics and operating conditions influence the process. Experimental tests were conducted in oven with natural convection, with natural convection, at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ° C and also in a tunnel dryer with forced convection under the conditions of 1.0 and 2.0 m / s at the temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ° C. Besides that, the adjustments of generalized curves of drying were evaluated, there are empirical equations of kinetics. In the evaluation of water absorption in saturated atmosphere at 40 to 60 ° C, it was observed that the polyester is the fabric that absorbs less water while the jeans had greater absorption capacity. It was also found that absorption increases with increasing temperature for all three fabrics. By analyzing the influence of operating conditions on the drying fabrics, the air speed was the variable that most influenced the moisture reduction, indicating that surface resistance was the limiting mechanism in drying. Page model (1949), was the most appropriate to represent the generalized kinetic curves for the fabrics evaluated.The comparative analysis of the fabrics showed that, although significant differences in the type of fiber and fabric structure, these characteristics do not influence the drying of the material, indicating that the drying of materials with high surface area, the process is controlled by the conditions flow.
Relações humanas com a água : percepção ambiental, saberes tradicionais, simbolismos culturais e contribuições para a gestão e conservação da água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Dictoro, Vinicius Perez
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Hanai, Frederico Yuri
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9469471717661914
For many centuries, mankind has considered fresh water as inextinguishable feature, without evaluating the environmental consequences related to quantity and quality. The current form of appropriation of water to meet the high demand of the various uses of water resources by the company has configured intense transformations in human relations with the water. In the old days, companies had other complementary visions to the direction of the water deities, bows and very natural available both for human existence and other species, as to the balance and maintenance of ecosystems. Therefore, human relations with the water permeate this relationship of utilitarian sense, only for economic purposes and survival, and configure other relationships as: religious, cultural, symbolic and emotional. In this way, the overall objective of the research was to identify and analyze different human relationships with water, seeking to understand the varied forms of recovery of water, and also to analyze the current model of water management through National Water Resources Policy instruments, for the purpose of providing subsidies that may assist in the consideration of human relationships with water in its management and conservation. This was followed by work based on qualitative research and case study was developed in two distinct audiences, residents of Pirapora-MG, situated on the banks of the São Francisco River, and members of river basin committees. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Symbolic, cultural relations were identified, mystical and local knowledge, affective of individuals with the water. These aspects should be transmitted in new forms of awareness for the management and conservation of water. It is necessary to step up the way of acting on awareness, promote new programs and new actions with the purpose of expanding the vision centered on Man and on their anthropogenic activities, enabling a rescue of cultural symbolism of the water and the various relationships and appreciation that it has with society.
Influência do tamanho médio de grão nas propriedades ferroicas de compósitos magnetoelétricos particulados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-08)
Viana, Diego Seiti Fukano
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Garcia, Ducinei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3547492755324499
In the case of composites materials, which presents the magnetoelectric coupling, there are so many questions about the influence of the microstructure on the coupled and uncoupled properties. Thereby, this work proposes the study of the grain size influence, of ferroelectric and magnetic phases, on the magnetic, electric and coupled properties in particulate magnetoelectric composites. In order to study the relationship property/microstructure in volumetric magnetoelectric composites, it was necessary to prepare samples with different average grain sizes, ie, the phases having average grain size in the order of micrometers or nanometers. To perform this study it was used as magnetic phase the CoFe2O4 and, as the ferroelectric phase, the [0,675] Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 – [0,325] PbTiO3, mixed in molar ratio 20/80 %, using techniques like micro ball milling (to reduce particle size) and high energy ball milling (to mixture the phases) during the powder syntheses, and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) to densify the bulk. Due the presence of secondary phases in sintered composites generated during the application of SPS, a processing protocol was created based on a post sintering thermal treatment, in PbO rich atmosphere, which allowed the reduction of secondary phases without, however, changing the average size of grain. These procedures resulted in composite material suitable for the investigations of the electrical, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties, considering the different microstructures obtained. The magnetoelectric composites showed the self-biased effect arising from the intrinsic strain generated in one phase over the other. It was observed the properties dependence, coupled or uncoupled, with average grain size of both phases. Furthermore, the magnetoelectric composites presented the selfbiased effect that appears due to intrinsic strain generated from one phase over the other. Moreover, the evolution of the magnetoelectric coefficient behavior as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field has been more dependent on the variation of the average grain size of the ferroelectric phase than the ferrimagnetic phase, which can be attributed to the largest amount of ferroelectric phase in the structure compound.
O Colégio Universitário (COLUNI) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (1965-1981) : formar para a universidade e garantir a qualidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Hollerbach, Joana D’arc Germano
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Nosella, Paolo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7159165045266256
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5888935341011338
This thesis is a result of a study with the objective to analyze the founding and consolidation process of the University College of the Federal University of Viçosa (COLUNI), in the period between 1965 and 1981. The time frame refers to the period from its founding year until the last year that it offered just the third year of high school. We looked to understand how COLUNI integrated itself into the Brazilian education context in the 1960's and 1970's and its relationship with the structural duality of high school in Brazil. We built on the hypothesis that COLUNI, under the argument of preserving the excellence of the university in comparison to the low quality of regular public education, characterized itself as a point of resistance as much as with the school model and pedagogical vigor of the time as with the reforms implanted by the military regime in the national education system by Law 5692/71, that proposed a professional formation at the middle level of education. The methodological option of historical study, starting with the approach by the dialectic method, is justified by looking to investigate the tension relationships between society and the school institution studied here. The search for understanding of the present contradictions in the relations of production led us to believe that the chosen method would be adequate for the analysis in order to understand the history of COLUNI. The methodological procedures are based on historical study. Therefore, the fieldwork consists of data collection from documents - reports, correspondence, class plans, course syllabi - and interviews. Twenty-nine interviews were conducted with former students, former tutors as well as former employees (both teaching staff and secretaries). We arrived to the thesis that the consolidation process of COLUNI was possible in reason by an alignment of the UFV objectives - to form youth prepared to enter the undergraduate course - and the expectations of the military government of technical course training directed toward the Brazilian economy.
Risco osteomioarticular relacionado ao trabalho doméstico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Domingos, Patricia
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
The Musculoskeletal Diseases (WMSDs) related in this work have been discussed for years in Brazil, but, still cause major problems throughout life of many workers. According to the literature, the housekeepers have no access to adequate security measures within your work environment and there is a lack of supervision and control of this condition. Furthermore, occupational diseases related to domestic work remain neglected. Aiming to identify risk factors for develop musculoskeletal disorders related to domestic work, it was observed the daily work of a housekeeper during a whole working day. The most common were formed by poor posture, many movements with flexion of the spine, prolonged standing positions, poor organization of work and lack of adequate guidance to the employee about these issues. Therefore, it is important the creation of preventive measures to minimize the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders related to domestic work. In this paper, the researcher highlighted the importance of preventive physiotherapy in improving working conditions in such activities.
A formação do farmacêutico e as diretrizes curriculares nacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Reis, Samuel Roosevelt Campos dos
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Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5796173388970038
The objective of present study was analyze how much the pharmaceutical education got close or distant of the competences and capacities required for the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) published in 2002 for the pharmacy courses. Participated this study four public university of São Paulo state. This study started from Documental Analyze of Political Pedagogical Projects (PPP), followed of Content Analyze (AC) of interview realized with pharmacy course directors. Through construction and application of a evaluative matrix was observed the curricular approximation and restructuration that way to keep generalist characteristic formation, this fact got highlight in some IES, for long 30 years or more dedicated at modalities formations pertinent the professional activities on drugs industry, clinical and toxicology’s tests, and foods. Furthermore, the curricular structure maintained separated among basic cycle and professional cycle, was justified for the stronger presence of traditional teaching- learning methodology and evaluation, reflected difficulties in the curricular integration, in addition to social integration not satisfactory, resulting some detachment of DCN. The renovation lack of pedagogics practices represented one fragility on curricular integration, like the humanist formation backed to Public Health System (SUS) approximation. However, the curricular restructuration showed be a constant discussion in enrolled IES, demonstrated some disquietude started from DCN e opened the way of the change and transformation way on pharmaceutical teaching.
Transferência de alunos com deficiência intelectual das escolas especiais às escolas comuns sob diferentes perspectivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Maturana, Ana Paula Pacheco Moraes
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3418994897890911
In the Brazilian educational contexto, the legislation guarantees the right to education of students target of Special Education (STSE) in common classes of regular schools. The enrollment of these students in public schools have grown year by year and this has imposed challenges for schools and teachers. In the case of students with ID, representing the largest contingent of STSE students, the previous tradition to the school inclusion policy, which was schooling in specialized institution, now divides the scene with the proposed new school in regular school. It is that educational policy has increasingly tried to make compulsory registration of all students of STSE in regular schools, although in the case of students with ID, this measure has bogged down in historical tradition placement in specialized institution. The result has been the increase in the flow of transfer students from specialized institutions for common schools, and vice versa, when the inclusion process is not successful. This study is proposed to investigate these processes of transfer of students from specialized institutions to mainstream schools and vice versa, considering the different perspectives of all those involved in the student with ID enrollment process. The general objectives of this study were to identify, describe and analyze possible factors that interfere with the transfer of students from special school to the regular or vice versa, in the conceptions of different actors. This is a descriptive research with a multiple case design. The study design involved the study of cases of students with ID were transferred from special schools to regular schools and vice versa. Five cases were analyzed: Saulo, Flavia, Fabio, Sofia and Fabiola. The research included 21 participants: five students, six family members and / or guardians and ten school personnel, including teachers, pedagogical coordinator, directors and teaching supervisor. Family members and school professionals answered a semi-structured interview. With students was applied the instrument procedure D-E. Analysis of the interviews identified: (1) the difficulty of adapting to the transition between schools, due to the lack of school supports, a previous preparation with students, parents and teachers and the late referral of students; (2) difficulties in the familyschool relationship eventually bring obstacles to the transfer and education of students; (3) expectations regarding the behavior and student learning with ID revealing an overvaluation of cognitive skills and (4) the assumptions of the participants on inclusion and its influence on practice with the student with ID. Regarding the participation of students, the established lines of analysis were aspects assigned by students of the special school and aspects assigned by students to the regular school. Students assigned to the special school the role of host and care and to the common school a place of learning and knowledge. The results confirm the authors presented in the literature review on the implementation of special education in inclusive environments, signaling that the views of teachers, managers and family against the inclusion will depend on the severity of the student's disability, skills and attitudes of professionals and It can only be seen by comparison of all the actors who are part of the process. The analysis of the results shows that the study achieved its goals and brought practical implications, political and scientific related to education of students with ID.
Estudo das propriedades dinâmico mecânicas e de biodegradação de acetatos de celulose com diferentes graus de substituição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-11)
Freitas, Roberta Ranielle Matos de
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4952749113890055
Currently, seek to technologies for new materials that minimize environmental problems, it leads researchers to develop polymers from renewable and biodegradab le sources, such as cellulose and its derivatives.The cellulose acetate is produced by replacing the hydroxyl groups present in the cellobiose by acetilas groups, one of the first man - made polymers.It is mainly used in membranes, films, fibers, filters, as component in adhesives and pharmaceuticals. In the present work , was studied deacetylationversus time of a commercial cellulose acetate , starting with 2.5 DS , by alkaline hydrolysis,was studied the kinetics of the reaction and determining the degree of sub stitution (DS) by Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellulose Acetate ASTM D 871 - 96.For comparison, the deacetylation was carried out in homogeneous and heterogeneous media.FTIR was used to characterize the typical functional groups in the samples. Samples of deacetylated CA with GS 1.8, 2.0, 2.2 together with the cellulose and the CA 2.5 were thermally characterized by the DSC technique , whereby it was obtained water desorption temperature, melting and Tg of the material.By DRX technique it was possible to assess morphological characteristics of the CA with different DS , as the crystallinity index ( Ic ) . The CA deacetylated (DS = 2,3) and the commercial CA (DS = 2.5) were analyzed in the DMA, which was determined storage modulus , loss modulus and glass transit ion temperature ( Tg ) of the material s. It was not ed that the Tg of the sample DS =2.3 is higher than DS =2.5 being more crystalline ; and this leads to increased rigidity, restricting the mobility of chains . Biodegradability of CA was analyzed, with DS 2,5 , in simulated soil with soil, manure, sand and demineralized water in times of 0 days and 6 months.To characterize the CA biodegraded was used DMA technique to test the tensile modulus and mechanical - dynamic thermal. By DMA analysis it was concluded that, as the AC is biodegraded, its mechanical properties are changed, like the storage module with increased biodegradation and loss modulus which decreased. The DSC analysis, XRD and FTIR were also performed to characterize the CA degradation , withDS 2,5 , and this ag ree with the DNA results . Through analyzes it can be concluded that the CA chains were degraded, but the mass loss was not significant.The CA,with GS2,3 , was biodegradation for 3 months and compared with the CA biodegradability , with GS 2.5 , by DMA technique .
Um estudo sobre crescimento de nanofios de fosfeto de índio e algumas de suas propriedades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-13)
Kamimura, Hanay
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2414357209169841
This work presents the development of an experimental apparatus and a route for the growth of InP nanowires whose general characteristics and properties made them suitable for the construction of electronic devices. Among theses characteristics, one may cite: desired dimensions, uniformity, quantity and composition. The synthesis system allowed the growth of a large amount of InP nanowires with diameter distributed around values smaller than 80 nm, grown in different substrates, covering them with a dense and uniform layer. Most important, all this in a reproducible way. The structural and morphological analyses, which resulted in the above described characteristics also allowed the observation of a amorphous/polycrystalline layer around the mono crystalline nucleus of the nanowires. Afterwards, the optoelectronic properties of the samples were studied. For this purpose, three types of devices were fabricated: single nanowire based devica, built using photolitography; nanowires network based device built from direct evaporation of contacts over the nanowires layer and from the growth of nanowires over pre defined contacts. The electronic transport mechanism was investigated by temperature dependent resistance measurements, obtaining the same dominant mechanism of hopping in all three types of device. This result indicates that the effect of the disorder attributed to the amorphous/polycrystalline layer and its interface to the monocrystalline nucleus was a critical factor to the determination of the sample’s properties. In order to complement and confirm the obtained results, other experiments were carried out: thermally stimulated current, showing additional energy levels inside the band gap, indicated in literature as levels originated from structural disorder; photo luminescence measurements, presenting a strong potential fluctuation due to localized states and photoconductivity, obtaining a sub linear dependence with the power excitation, typically observed in material with the presence of carrier traps. In this manner, the influence of localized states due to structural disorder was confirmed as the maind factor to the samples behaviour for both electronic and optical properties.
Percepção dos gestores escolares sobre a utilização da caminhada para acesso à escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-13)
Onishi, Viviane Leão da Silva
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1508424989134008
Brazil's cities in recent decades have a predominance of car use as children's mode of transport to school. In carrying out the route home-school by motorized modes children practice less physical activity to the detriment of health. Policies developed in schools can play an important role in determining how students travel to school. In this context, this research aims to identify the factors that influence the perception of managers about using the walk to access the school. The focuses of the research are the municipal and private elementary schools 1. The case study was conducted in the city of São José do Rio Preto. Data collection was carried out with the school managers (directors, coordinators and teachers) through questionnaires on travel behavior of the students, information on any activities at school to teach students to behave in traffic, opinions of management on the relationship between physical activity and health of children, children's ability to to walk to school, the barriers surrounding the school and attitude of managers regarding the use of different modes of transport and the impact of vehicle traffic in urban . The results showed that the estimation of directors and coordinators on the modes of transport used by students does not differ from a survey conducted by teachers significantly, and in private schools motorized individual transport is the most used by students and public schools over half of students walk or use public transportation to school. It was found that the traffic behavior on teaching is applied in all schools, although the directors and coordinators are more likely to say that the activities are carried out in your school. The school managers have a positive perception of the importance of physical activity, with acceptance rates above 90%. There is no consensus about the best age and abilities of children to make safe decisions alone and analysis on the perception of managers of barriers around the schools that may hinder access to foot it was found that about half of the managers have positive about the quality of the environment around the schools, but other managers have indifferent opinion about the quality of the environment. Regarding the use of different modes of transport it was observed that attitudes regarding the use of buses are in general negative, more than half of managers are indifferent to automobile use and favorable to the use of the walk. In the manager's attitude regarding the impact of vehicle traffic in urban areas the vast majority of managers are concerned about the impact of traffic on the environment. Perceptions regarding the active mobility should be worked through school policies to improve students' skills as pedestrians and through public policies to improve the environment in the school environment and encourage the use of active modes of transportation.
Provisão do Programa “Minha Casa Minha Vida” em São José do Rio Preto – SP : inserção, adequação urbana e socioeconômica de empreendimentos habitacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-13)
Meireles, Eduardo
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Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1856762188427793
The development of a nation is directly linked to the solution of their major social problems. In Brazil, the housing deficit stands out among the social problems that need solving. However, the Brazilian government has spent the last 30 years without directing a massive investment in housing, sanitation and transport, which in turn caused serious problems in Brazilian cities. Since 2005, considering the emergence of solutions to this issue, it is observed by the federal government the resumption of investments, which gave priority to some concentrated management tools, based on the central axis of infrastructure producing that supports economic activities. At the end of the 2000s, with the worsening of an economic crisis of global reach, the federal government adopts a Keynesian and anti-cyclical strategy to resume growth: investment in public policies in housing area with the housing program called "Minha Casa, Minha Vida" (MCMV). From the urban point of view, the measures taken by the government originated sociospatial segregation and environmental problems, since the state does not equated the access to housing with city distribution, because it markedly prioritized the economic area of the PMCMV, insofar as the focus returned to the mass production of dwelling units. This work aims to understand the provision of the PMCMV in the city of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, by analyzing the urban integration and socio-economic and urban appropriateness of two projects from the category 2 in the city in question. The methodology for this work was a quantitative research following the survey method (Babbie, 1999), besides using the qualitative research strategies, such as the study of post-facto case (Yin, 2010). For the application of quantitative research, 302 residents of two projects were interviewed according to a sample calculation. Then it was used a descriptive approach to treating the location of enterprises and public facilities. Based on the results of survey research, there was a correlation analysis and a factor and cluster analysis to check the interaction between the studied variables. Some researches and analysis show that PMCMV ventures in the city of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo from the category 2 have problems of urban integration, peripheral location with limited access to transportation, health and education, as well as other issues to be addressed in this study. In conclusion, it was found a series of actions are still needed in order to perpetuate, deepen and broaden the access to housing from the point of view of public policies. Our reflections lead us to realize that the right to decent and adequate housing goes beyond distributing houses on the peripheries of cities, because it includes actions such as land-location distribution, urbanized land, a better oversight in the country of the regulation concerning the use and occupation of urban land.
Diversidade de Dytiscidae (Coleoptera) em áreas úmidas do Rio Grande do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-14)
Gomes, Julia Gibertoni
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Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0552130489388929
Beetles represented the largest group of animais but end up neglected in ecological studies and much of its wildlife has not described, mainly in tropical areas of great diversity. Dytiscidae, larger family of water beetles, prefers lentic environments, which can be divided according to their hydroperiod in permanent and periodic. The distribution of these ditiscidae were tested in this study in 104 wetlands of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) to detect differences in the composition of each hydroperiod, also serving as a survey of taxa occurring. Were sampled 1905 specimens from 21 genera with the first record in the state of genera Platynectes, Uvarus and Pachydrus. Multivariate Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) found that only biome and hydroperiod influenced the fauna. The differencce of the beta diversity among hydroperiods was significant, showing that varied in composition with each other, and communities in more homogeneous perennial areas than those found in the periodic areas. Despite the difference of the faunal composition richness showed similar values when standardized by rarefaction curve and each hydroperiod presented exclusive taxa.
Desenvolvimento de um instrumento para auditoria da caminhabilidade em áreas escolares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-14)
Nanya, Luciana Mayumi
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5668884386564690
Brazilian cities have shown a change in behavior in using the mode of transport used by children to access school. It can be associate this change to several factors, such as distance home-school and the quality of spaces for walking. Programs like Safe Routes to Schools seek to make the way to school safer for pedestrians and cyclists. Environmental audits help in the planning of Safe Routes to Schools identifying barriers and facilitators of the use of active modes of transportation. The objective of this research is to develop and validate an audit tool and evaluation of walkability into school for elementary schools in midsized cities. The application of audit tool developed was in the city of São José do Rio Preto - SP in 3 municipal primary schools located in different areas of the city. Two researchers conducted the audit. To assess the inter-rater reliability concordance percentages were used. The results show good reliability for the proposed audit instrument, with high percentages of agreement (above 80%). The results of the audit of the two researchers to calculate the Index Walkability area were considered. For comparisons between the means allocated to the segments and intersections was carried out ANOVA. Among the characteristics of the segments, it was found that at least one of the evaluated areas is different from the other (p <0.05). For the variables of signalized intersections not, the test indicates that, for the items width of the cross and accessibility, there is no statistical difference between the variables (p> 0.05) (researcher data 1). For the variables of signalized intersections not, (research data 2) the test indicates that, for the item width of the cross there is no statistical difference between the variables (p> 0.05). The application of the instrument can be an important tool in city planning process, in that it can identify opportunities and deficiencies in walkability surrounding schools to increase the safety and comfort of children during their walks to school.
Estudo comparativo dos efeitos dos Espaços de Circulação e Permanência de Pedestres (ECPP) sobre o manejo das águas de chuva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-14)
Parra, Geovana Geloni
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904401925241642
The cities have grown significantly and in a disorderly way, without minimum urban planning, which has provoked to urban and environmental problems. Among many consequences of this growth, high soil waterproofing features highlight due to the consequences it brings, as the occurrence of floods, floods and spread of waterborne diseases. Much of the runoff of rainwater comes from the paved soil, and is possible observe that about 20% of the urban area of a city is paved with the function of serving as circulation area of pedestrians or vehicles, according to the Federal Law No. 6766 of 19 December 1979 which provides for the division of urban soil and other measures (BRAZIL, 1979). In this context the objective of this research is the study of the effects of the spaces of Circulation and Permanence Pedestrians (ECPP) on the management of rainwater, with the empirical object one experimental watershed located on the campus of UFSCar in São Carlos / SP, and two areas urbanized in the city of Sao Jose do Rio Preto / SP. For this, it was made the identification of different types of floors, characterization and hydrological efficiency, research in academic papers and catalogs of suppliers, and analyze the areas and conditions of ECPPs within the perimeters of study under the hydrologic context, design, implementation, and maintenance costs. The findings evaluate the effects of ECPPs on the management of rainwater, and compare the results between the three ECPPs. These results show that the ECPP located in USFCar contributes 6% to runoff, while the ECPP Pedestrian street 35% and ECPP Neighborhood 9% to project parties were adopted that destined runoff for grassed areas or permeable floors these scenarios would be 2% contribution to ECPP UFSCar, 0.2% of flow for ECPP Pedestrian Street and 2% for ECPP Neighborhood. So is possible reduce runoff using hydrologically functional floors, implementing and using the green areas as a design element, providing knowledge of data and materials that can contribute to new ways to plan and execute the ECPPs.
Utilização do complexo de rutênio cis- [Ru(bpy)2(NO2)(NO)](PF6)2) para reverter e/ou prevenir a disfunção endotelial na hipertensão arterial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-14)
Vatanabe, Izabela Pereira
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Rodrigues, Gerson Jhonatan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6725550216586910
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546552931158643
The endothelium is a monolayer of cells that extends on the vascular inner surface, responsible for the modulation of vascular tone. By means of the release of nitric oxide (NO), the endothelium has an important protective function against cardiovascular diseases, producing vasodilation by several mechanisms and generating a series of other effects, since at high concentrations it may produce toxic effects to the cells. However, endothelial dysfunction is characterized mainly by the decreased ability of endothelial cells to release NO, which may be due to reaction with superoxide anion (O2 -) and formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). In previous studies, it was found that ruthenium complexes can also inactivate O2 - and NO release. However, through vascular reactivity technique in aortic hypertensive and normotensive rats, and detection study of released NO in endothelial cells, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the drug cis- [Ru(bpy)2(NO2)(NO)](PF6)2 as a pharmacologic strategy to reverse and/or prevent endothelial dysfunction found in the arterial hypertension model 2K-1C as well as to perform the pharmacological characterization of the dependent effects removal of O2 - and NO release induced by these drugs. Thus our major vascular reactivity results indicated that the BPY concentration of 0.1 μM was able to reverse the endothelial dysfunction present in the aortas of animals 2K-1C. Likewise, its positive control, Deta-NO in a specific concentration of 10 μM was able to reverse endothelial dysfunction, besides presenting a potentiating effect in the presence of endothelium. Furthermore, our results indicate that the lowest detection of NO in HUVECs treated with Ang. II, in addition to BPY compound occurs by the increased formation of O2 -, since in the presence of SOD there was an increased release of NO by BPY. Furthermore, it was observed that the BPY releases NO in solution in a sustained concentration-dependent form, where the presence of the endothelial cells increased and Angiotensin II reduces NO release, indicating a reduction or oxidation in BPY compound and also degradation of NO the formation of O2 -.
Epígrafes e diálogos na poesia de Machado de Assis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-14)
Miasso, Audrey Ludmilla do Nascimento
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Marques, Wilton José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5763590592946918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9186310434443185
On the epigraphs that accompany some poems of Crisálidas (1864), by Machado de Assis, there is the parade of authors such as Dante, Camões Heine and Homer. The same happens in the following books of poems, Falenas (1870) and Americanas (1875). The choice of these names reveals authors of Machado's library that accompanied him throughout his career and that influenced his composition so since his debut in the lyrics. Such names dialogue with Machado's poetry and help us to better understand the poetic composition of the author, and not only source of supply for the poems, but also in relationship with them on the issue of understanding of the work, giving them a new meaning.