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O plano de gerenciamento dos resíduos dos serviços de saúde na atenção básica e ambulatório de especialidades do Sistema Único de Saúde no município de São Roque
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-28)
Camargo, Ândrea Regina de
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2368191098172139
Não disponível
Avaliação de diferentes rotas de encapsulamento de aromas em nanofibras poliméricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-28)
Brichi, Glaucia Silveira
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Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1531368107265459
The use of flavor has become increasingly common in the food and pharmaceutical industry, including menthol and ethyl hexanoate (EH) (main ester passion fruit aroma) has achieved prominence in the industry due to its applications ranges in branches different sectors. Among the various properties that flavorings have, the main one is the volatility and the ease of leaving the environment. In this sense, there is a great interest to seek new mechanisms to increase the aromas of residence time in the array. The present work, looking for encapsulating the aromas of mint and hexanoate Ethyl (EH), through polymeric nanofibers, also studied the influence in the tunnel when the β-cicldodextrin is added to the solution and when the fibers are obtained by different routes electrospinning and spinning blow solution (FSS).After obtaining the polymeric fibers of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) by electrospinning and solution blow spinning techniques, the fibers were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrational Spectroscopy Absorption Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG / DTG). The release profile was performed for all conditions studied aromas. The results showed the polymer nanofibers, a promising tool for encapsulation of flavorings, may be enhanced by the cyclodextrin. The Solution blow spinning (SBS) techniques and electrospinning were effective to form fibers. SBS methodology originated more homogeneous samples with smaller diameters and without the presence of beads.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes poliméricos de amido de milho nativo e modificado com incorporação de fibras de bagaço de cana e óleos vegetais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-28)
Carmo, Karina Palmizani do
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Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7926832511513537
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5229523966643527
A few years ago, several studies have been conducted to transformatio n of raw matter into renewable biodegradable materials, since it is necessary to rethink consumption and rationalize the use of packaging derived from synthetic polymers. Among these raw materials can be detached corn starch produced worldwide, with low cost and high potential for biodegradability. In this paper, aiming a possible application in biodegradable packaging, starch polymeric films were developed using native corn starch with the incorporation of 1 to 4% of fibers sugarcane bagasse from industrial wastes, 2.5, 5 and 10% of castor oil, and 2.5, 5% epoxidized soy bean oil, and modified corn starch films with the incorporation of 1 to 3% fibers sugarcane bagasse, and 2.5, 5 % of epoxidized soybean oil. Some mechanical and thermal analysis for characterization of the films were made. The mechanical p roperties were analyzed by tensile test in Dynamic-Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) equipment. Among the films tested in tension, they stood the native corn starch films that have the best tensile strength results (1.05 MPa) and elongation at break (77.66%), followed by the native starch containing film 3% fiber (0.81 MPa) and native starch films containing 2.5% epoxidized soybean oil (58.55%). The fractured samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermal an alysis of all kinds of developed films were made by Differential Scanning Calo rimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis Derivative, where the DSC curves showed higher thermal stability for native starch films containing castor oil and epoxidized soybean, in which the thermal decomposition was observed between 270 and 291 o C, being higher than the temperatures of other films , and four stages of degradation for these films, and the others had only three stages of degradation. Native starch films with incorporation o f 3% fiber and 2.5% epoxidized soybean oil were buried in soils incubated for completion of the biodegradability test, and analysis of the emissions o f CO2, CH4, and N2O were performed by gas chromatography, it was possible to observe high CO2 emission rates in the first month of incubation for all films. After 90 days, the films were dug up, and the polymer matrix was completely biodegraded.
Olhares de professores de ciências em formação sobre as mídias, sua inserção no ensino e a educação para as mídias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-28)
Pezzo, Mariana Rodrigues
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3749421379531019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4686352453726023
In contemporary society, pervaded by media culture, the school permanently interacts with the media and information and communications technologies. In specific regard to science education, teachers and students are in contact with science information and thus representations of science and technology present in the media, either in their everyday lives outside of school, either by intentional inclusion in pedagogical practice. However, consolidated policies for media treatment by educational systems at different levels do not exist in Brazil yet. Among other elements that hinder this consolidation, lack of media education programs in teacher training, especially in undergraduate courses in science, is identified as a major obstacle. Thus, the research reported in this paper seeks to contribute to the transformation of this scenario, through the understanding of how students pursuing a licentiate degree in Biology, Physics and Chemistry relate to the media and what their expectations for the insertion of media productions at school are. In order to achieve this objective, we analyzed textual productions developed by these students within a course about the the use of science diffusion media productions in science education, in the light of a media education framework that, with contributions of Critical Theory and Cultural Studies, supports the relevance of considering media production as a social process and thus reflections and simultaneous and articulated analysis of the media industry, the media texts and the audiences and reception processes, as well as training for the use of media as selfexpression tools, creativity and resistance. The investigation process was a qualitative one, characterized as a documentary analysis carried out based on the methodological framework of discursive textual analysis. The results indicate some aspects worthy of special attention in structuring media education policies and programs in teacher training, including the permanence of prospects of media education as protection and not as a preparation for autonomous, critical and creative access and use of media; the understanding of media as a social process detached from other processes of reproduction and transformation within our societies; and the need for further reflection and advances in achieving articulation between the uses of media in science education as sources of content, pedagogical tool and object of study in its analytical and creative dimensions.
Efeito da hipóxia local na magnitude da ativação, força, massa e arquitetura muscular decorrente do treinamento de força
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-28)
Biazon, Thaís Marina Pires de Campos
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Libardi, Cleiton Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277909577762827
Local hypoxia (i.e. intramuscular) resulting from resistance training (RT) contributes to ions H+ accumulation and decreased muscle pH (i.e. metabolic stress). It has been suggested that the accumulation of these metabolites promotes an increase in the motor units (MU) recruitment and consequent increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle strength. Nevertheless, it remain sunknown whether the level of local hypoxia can affect the magnitude of these adaptations. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze and compare the effect of local hypoxia during low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR: 3-4 x 20/20% of one repetition maximum [1-RM] / 60% total pressure of occlusion), high-intensity resistance training (HI-RT: 3-4 x 10/80% of 1RM) and high-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (HI-BFR: 3-4 x 10/80% 1-RM / 60% total occlusion pressure) on muscle activation, strength, mass and architecture in young individuals. Methods: Thirty young men were selected and each leg allocated to three experimental conditions through unilateral knee extension in randomized order and counterbalanced after ranking by strength level (1- RM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle CSA quartiles. The dynamic maximum force was measured by 1-RM test and CSA acquisition, muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA) and VL fascicle length (FL) was performed through ultrasound images. The training program consisted of 10 weeks with a minimum interval of 72 hours between training sessions and the measurement of muscle activation by surface electromyography (EMG) and deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) and oxyhemoglobin ([HbO2]) concentrations through near-infrared espectroscopy (NIRS) of VL, performed during the training session with relative load obtained after the 1-RM, before (T1), after five (T2) and ten weeks (T3) training. Results: The training total volume (TV) was greater for HI-RT and HI-BFR compared to LI-BFR. There was no difference between the groups in regarding the increase of 1-RM, CSA, MT and AP. However, the FL showed higher increase for HI-BFR compared to HI-RT and LI-BFR. Regarding the magnitude of the EMG, the HI-BFR group showed higher values than HI-RT and LI-BFR. On the other hand, [HHb] were higher for HI-BFR and LI-BFR, however there was no difference between groups on the reduction of [HbO2].Conclusion: The level of local hypoxia does not influence the magnitude of the increase of muscle activation, strength, mass and architecture changes after resistance training. However, the addition of local hypoxia seems to have a greater contribution to the adjustments resulting from the low-intensity resistance training compared to high intensity.
Efeitos de uma desintegrina RGD recombinante na migração de uma linhagem celular de carcinoma de células escamosas de origem oral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-28)
Montenegro, Cyntia de Freitas
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1510751976021672
Cancer is a group of diseases related to abnormal cell growth and ability to invade tissues. These skills result in the development of metastases, leading to death in many of the patients. During the process of invasion, the cells find a connective tissue rich in fibronectin and collagen in which they will have to go through in order to reach the blood vessels and then the metastatic site. Fibronectin adhesion receptors such as αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins are essential for cells to be able to move through the fibronectin fibers. Integrins bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins via the RGD motif present in fibronectin, making these cell types migration receptors a potential target for the study of cancer. Thus, the effect of DisBa-01, an RGD containing motif disintegrin, was investigated in two cell specialized on migration; fibroblasts (BJ) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC25). DisBa-01 (1 and 2 μM) was able to reduce cancer cells migration speed and directionality, but not fibroblasts, on time-lapse experiments performed on fibronectin coated plates. In order to understand if the effect of DisBa-01 is associated with alterations in cellular adhesion, cells were plated on fibronectin and stained with anti-paxillin. Images acquired by confocal microscopy show changes in focal adhesions, which have become larger and more numerous. These data were confirmed, by time-lapse assays using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) in cells transfected with paxillin. The expression of key fibronectin receptors, α5, β3 and αv is present similarly in both strains, while the β1 subunit is expressed in lower amounts in OSCC cells. To investigate the probable relationship of migration inhibition with integrin β3 level, this subunit was overexpressed in the OSCC cells and all parameters analyzed were restored. Taken together, these results demonstrate the ability of DisBa-01 to affect cell migration depending on integrin expression level and by modulating the dynamics of cell adhesions.
Influência dos coquetéis enzimáticos produzidos por Trichoderma reesei e Aspergillus niger pelo processo de fermentação sequencial na hidrólise do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-28)
Florencio, Camila
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6244428434217018
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Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452
Currently, one of the major challenges for second generation ethanol is to reduce the cost of cellulolytic enzymes. Thus, the development of bioprocesses for the enzyme production on-site and strategies to increase the final yield of the enzymatic hydrolysis are required to ensure that biomass conversion to be economically feasible. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the production and characterization of enzyme cocktails involved in the degradation of plant biomass by filamentous fungi Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger grown in sequential fermentation and evaluate the application of these cocktails in the saccharification process of sugarcane bagasse. Firstly, evaluation and validation of sequential fermentation cultivation methodology to different strains of Trichoderma. Cultivation were made using sugarcane bagasse "in natura" and pretreated by steam explosion, as a carbon source. The result more significantly was observed for T. reesei Rut C30, the endoglucanase production was 4.2-fold higher than the values obtained in conventional submerged fermentation. The enzyme extracts were characterized in terms of optimum pH and temperature and endoglucanase profile. The thermostability was directly influenced by the type of carbon source and type of cultivation method. Subsequently, the proteomic analysis were performed of enzyme cocktails from T. reesei Rut C30 and A. niger A12 produced by submerged and sequential fermentation in the presence of pretreated bagasse. The performance of the enzyme cocktail in saccharification of pretreated bagasse showed that the combination of enzyme cocktails from T. reesei and A. niger produced by sequential fermentation had a yield than 3-fold higher than the enzyme cocktails of submerged fermentation. In order to evaluate the action of the enzyme cocktails produced by T. reesei and A. niger in sugarcane bagasse saccharification, the last step of the work was to study the additives effects during the sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis aiming at reducing non-productive adsorption of enzymes into lignin. The saccharification results in the presence of soybean protein were 2-fold higher than the controls (no additive) to the enzyme cocktails of two fungi studied produced by solid state fermentation, indicating the potential use of soybean protein as an additive to minimize non-productive adsorption of the enzyme into lignin. Overall, this study presents an interesting final contribution in the cellulase production process and the application of the enzyme cocktail in the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse.
A falha muscular não é necessária para maximizar as adaptações neuromusculares ao treinamento de força
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Nóbrega, Sanmy Rocha
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Libardi, Cleiton Augusto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8953409094842074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8059762060510289
Resistance training (RT) is the main method to promote increases in muscle strength and hypertrophy, in which loads higher than 60% of one repetition maximum (1-RM) are commonly recommended. Other studies suggest performing RT to the point of muscle failure, which can be defined as the inability to move a load beyond a critical angle or as the inability to complete a repetition in a full range of motion due to fatigue, in order to maximize strength gains and hypertrophy. However, it is still unclear if RT to muscle failure is really necessary. Thus, the aim of this study was to discuss the effects of RT to failure on motor units (MUs) recruitment and adaptive responses, providing arguments to how RT to failure might differently affect muscle adaptations on different populations. In conclusion, evidence regarding untrained individuals suggests that high-intensity RT (HIRT) to failure is not necessary for maximal increases in strength and mass. On the other hand, performing RT to failure might be necessary for optimal increases in strength and mass when training at low intensities (LIRT). Regarding trained individuals, evidence point greater strength gains when HIRT is performed to failure. Nonetheless, muscle failure seems to be an interesting strategy when it comes to optimizing hypertrophy gains for trained individuals.
O treinamento resistido e a restrição calórica alteram a expressão gênica de marcadores da biogênese e dinâmica mitocondrial do músculo quadríceps de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Marin, Cecília Tardivo
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Shiguemoto, Gilberto Eiji
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9885031162656978
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3194955677601908
Menopause, permanent discontinuation phase of ovarian follicular activity, triggers tissue and molecular changes in the body of women. The obesity and sarcopenia are two important deleterious effects, affect the functional independence and therefore the quality of life of the same. Resistance training (RT), caloric restriction (CR) are interventions that can minimize and slow down these degenerative processes related to menopause. The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of TR and RC on the biogenesis markers and mitochondrial dynamics on the quadríceps mucle of ovariectomized rats. Ratas Holtzman were divided into 8 groups (n = 10) Sham sedentary, trained, caloric and association training restriction with caloric restriction (SHAM SED, SHAM TR, SHAM RC AND SHAM TR-RC), ovariectomized sedentary, trained, caloric restriction and association training with caloric restriction (OVX SED, OVX TR, OVX and OVX RC TR-RC). The ovariectomy surgery (OVX) and pseudo-ovariectomy (Sham) was conducted when the rats reached 250g body weight. Two days after surgery, began the control of food intake and after 10 days of recovery from surgery, began the TR which consisted of 13 weeks of climbing training vertical ladder, with 72 hours between training sessions. The intensity of TR was 65, 85, 95 and 100% of the predetermined maximum load for each load proportion. After the fourth climbing, it was added 30g to determine the new maximum filler loading. Euthanasia of the animals after 13 weeks was TR and 48 hours after the last training session. The quadriceps muscle of the right hind foot was excised and stored at -80°C for analysis of gene expression and protein mediators of biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics. The ovariectomy in rats altered mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics as well as body weight and food consumption. The proposed interventions have been effective in minimized the body mass gains and reverse the molecular changes found in ovariectomy, especially in relation to mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics.
Efeitos antitumorais e antimetastáticos de novos complexos de rutênio em células de câncer de mama
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Popolin, Cecília Patricia
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5598104335028847
Brazil and the world are passing through demographic changes as consequences of population urbanization, industrialization and advances in science and technology. This process, associated with the transformation of society's quality of life has brought a significant change in the morbidity and mortality profile reducing the occurrence of infectious diseases and increasing incidence of chronic degenerative diseases, like cancer. Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control, and are able to spread and invade other tissues through blood and lymphatic systems. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and can be considered a cancer with a good prognosis if diagnosed early and treated timely. Treatment of breast cancer has as main objectives to increase survival and improve the quality of life of women. Surgery and radiotherapy are responsible for local control of breast cancer; on the other hand, systemic treatment is made by hormone therapy and chemotherapy. Drugs used in chemotherapy cause resistance and damage to DNA, not only of tumor cells, but also of normal cells. Rosenberg and colleagues in 1964, were responsible for the discovery of antitumor drug to base metals, cisplatin, an effective complex and remains widely used in therapies against various types of tumors, however, despite its effectiveness, also has several side effects. With the limitations of cisplatin, new research has been developed with ruthenium complexes. Ruthenium has some unique properties that can justify their antitumor potential, among them the ability to mimic the iron in connection to many biomolecules, including transferrin and albumin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four new ruthenium complexes with bipyridine and biphophine ligands: (1) [Ru(SO4)(dppb)(bipy)], (2) [Ru(CO3)(dppb)(bipy)], (3) [Ru(C2O4)(dppb)(bipy)] e (4) [Ru(CH3CO2)(dppb)(bipy)]PF6 on the proliferation of breast tumor cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, and a non-tumor cell line MCF-10A. The results demonstrated that the compound (4) was more efficient inhibiting proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB- 231, compared with the non-tumor cell line MCF-10A which was more resistant to the complex. Futhermore, the complex (4) was able to reduce the number and size of colonies, to act in the metastatic cascade inhibiting the adhesion, migration and invasion. The complex (4) also inhibited the secretion of MMP9 and induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as Bax and Caspase-3 and decreasing anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2 in triple negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. These results show that the complex (4) has potential antitumor and antimetastatic to breast tumor cells; it might be a good alternative drug for the treatment of cancer.
Inteligência computacional aplicada à modelagem e otimização de bioprocessos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Aquino, Pedro Luiz da Mota e
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0834668419587001
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Sousa Júnior, Ruy de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203
This work deals with modeling applications, systematic and reliable optimization methodologies of global search, and other computational tools. It is expected that existing computational intelligence methods, encoded in an appropriate tool for the application of process engineering assisted by computer, can lead to useful numerical results for the modeling and optimization of different processes, including biotechnological processes (focus of this work). Thus, different types of methodologies suitable for computer applications, were studied here. The proposed methodologies were implemented and evaluated for the development and optimization of culture media for the fermentation process of Clostridium novyi type B, besides the fermentation process and enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse associated with the production of bioethanol (1G and 2G). Thus, the potential application of these computational techniques was evaluated to biotechnological systems in different approaches. More specifically, it was performed: Classification of biotechnological systems ( "clustering") in kinetically similar regions to produce cellulosic ethanol (2G ethanol) using fuzzy logic; estimation by global search of kinetic parameters to an alcoholic fermentation model using Simmulated Annealing algorithm (SA) (Contributions to the thematic project FAPESP 2011 / 51902-9); formulation and optimization of economically viable culture media for Clostridium novyi type B using neuro-fuzzy data modeling followed by global search which maximize productivity, also utilizing SA algorithm as a search engine (this step of the project was conducted in partnership with the veterinary pharmaceutical company Vallée SA). The computational tools presented in this work were highly effective for modeling and optimization of the bioprocesses studied.
Desenvolvimento da abordagem lean por meio de práticas de liderança : pesquisa-ação numa área de planejamento da produção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Pellegrino, Renato Arima
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
Companies, to sustain their products’ competitiveness (cost, quality and time), need to maintain an improvement rate greater than the competitors, and not only possess good strategies, systems or technologies. The concept of "continuous improvement" has become increasingly popular in the business environment, and it is associated with a variety of approaches, and the lean manufacturing as one. Although the lean tools and methodologies are relatively easy to be implemented in different contexts, few companies can turn into real lean enterprises, since they have good results in the early stages of implementation, but fail in the long-term support. One of the key factors for sustaining lean approach is centered on the leadership role. This dissertation aims to develop, by performing an action research, the current leadership practices in a production planning area belonging to a company in the large industrial sector located in the State of São Paulo, and with a history of eight years working through the lean approach, to lean leadership model for the people development, in which are considerated the following factors: promoting employees self-development, people developing and training, and support daily kaizen. During the action research was possible to propose and evaluate the leadership practices to promote and support the implementation of lean approach. It was observed during the action research as a major challenge to reconcile operational routine of leaders and the team with the implementation of the lean principles and tools.
Comparação de métodos de estimação para problemas com colinearidade e/ou alta dimensionalidade (p > n)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Casagrande, Marcelo Henrique
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Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9569431640275168
This paper presents a comparative study of the predictive power of four suitable regression methods for situations in which data, arranged in the planning matrix, are very poorly multicolinearity and / or high dimensionality, wherein the number of covariates is greater the number of observations. In this study, the methods discussed are: principal component regression, partial least squares regression, ridge regression and LASSO. The work includes simulations, wherein the predictive power of each of the techniques is evaluated for di erent scenarios de ned by the number of covariates, sample size and quantity and intensity ratios (e ects) signi cant, highlighting the main di erences between the methods and allowing for the creating a guide for the user to choose which method to use based on some prior knowledge that it may have. An application on real data (not simulated) is also addressed.
Mediação pedagógica: um estudo de caso sobre formação continuada e intervenção docente no contexto de uma escola pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Mendes, Agatha Fernandes da Cunha
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Sant'Ana, Izabella Mendes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183
This study aimed to investigate how is the mediation in teaching do about the teaching and learning of written language, and demonstrate how this work may have been impacted by the areas of continuing education. Therefore, we take as the object of analysis the work of a teacher with a class of 3rd year of elementary school in a public school in the state of São Paulo. The study also aimed to understand the meanings attributed by the teacher about the pedagogical proposal of the school and its influences to the teaching practice; the structuring of the pedagogical work in the pedagogical mediation in textual production activities and the perceptions of the teacher on the practices, activities and studies that are configured as a possibility for development for students in relation to textual production, and the teacher in relation to their teaching practice. The research was configured as a case study, using as methodological procedures participant observation and an interview with the participating teacher of this investigation. Descriptions and analyzes of the data produced during this process have been made taking as the theoretical foundations of the Theory Historical-Cultural. The results showed that the proposed studies and training undertaken at school was perceived as important for the teacher and influenced changes in their teaching practices, educational activities related to text production were organized systematically with mediation as an essential aspect in the activities proposals. This has contributed to advances in students' learning processes and influencing the teaching own relationship with knowledge. It discusses the important role of mediation and systematic and intentional interventions by the teacher as well as capabilities that arise from organized labor and grounded in theoretical foundations that depict the worldviews and subject to be formed.
História natural, biogeografia e a genética de populações de Partamona rustica, uma abelha endêmica de florestas secas do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Miranda, Elder Assis
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1568191524647553
Partamona rustica is a stingless bee endemic to dry forests in Brazil. Despite its importance as a pollinator and its occurrence in endangered areas, such as the Caatinga (scrubland forest) and Cerrado (savanna) biomes, its natural history, biogeography, population genetics and evolutionary history are poorly known. This PhD Dissertation is presented in four chapters addressing specific aims to reduce the gaps in knowledge regarding P. rustica. In Chapter I, aspects of the natural history of this bee were investigated. The results revealed that P. rustica occurs from the northern portion of the state of Minas Gerais to the southern portion of the state of Bahia in the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes, contouring the plateaus and hills of Chapada Diamantina by the east. It is a floral visitor of at least 62 kinds of plant and its nests are built in arboreal termite nests constructed by Constrictotermes cyphergaster. In Chapter II, the hypothesis was tested that populations of stingless bees, such as P. rustica and Partamona helleri, have a high degree of differentiation when analyzed for mitochondrial genes due to the fact that the occupation of a site is performed by a small number of founding females. Therefore, each occupation event may exhibit a founder effect. The results revealed few haplotypes per population as well as a high degree of genetic differentiation, which supports the hypothesis. Implications for future studies were also indicated, such as the need to change the current focus of studies related to the genetic structure of bee populations, which usually estimate the degree of inter-population differentiation, to x estimates of genetic relatedness among queens, workers and males who founded the colonies of a given population. In Chapter III, the genetic relatedness among workers of P. rustica was estimated to evaluate the role of males in dispersal and gene flow among colonies and populations. The results revealed a low degree of average genetic relatedness among workers of colonies from the same locality and even lower relatedness among workers of colonies from different localities, suggesting that, although the areas analyzed were occupied by few females, dispersal promoted by males reduces relatedness and, consequently, the risk of inbreeding, which is harmful to hymenopterans due to their complementary sex determination system (locus csd). In Chapter IV, we used an integrative approach to reconstruct the evolutionary history of P. rustica in a spatiotemporal framework. The results identified two groups: one to the west and the other to the east of the São Francisco River Valley, which putatively diverged during the late Pleistocene, and indicated the western group as ancestral to the eastern group. The results also indicate that the inferences from both the analysis of genetic data and spatial distribution modelling are compatible with a history of populations of a constant size. The data presented in this thesis can be used to guide conservation and management strategies concerning the species as well as the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes, broaden knowledge on the biology and genetics of stingless bees, which can be useful in beekeeping and bee management, as well as reinforce the need for more detailed investigations into Pleistocene climate changes and the effects on the diversification of the endemic biota in Neotropical dry forests, especially studies involving the considerable diversity of bees in this region.
Emergência e dinâmicas das práticas de reciclagem de PET no BRASIL : múltiplos campos e embates de valores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Candido, Silvio Eduardo Alvarez
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Côrtes, Mauro Rocha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8988613760967305
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Sacomano Neto, Mário
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000793038362058
The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the emergence of industrial practices of PET recycling in Brazil. A predominantly qualitative research based on the principles of reflexive sociology proposed by Pierre Bourdieu was developed. Theoretical tools proposed by this author were combined with the ones of the Strategic Action Fields approach and with insights of the pragmatic sociology of critique. Primary and secondary data were collected, analyzed and articulated in the historical narrative presented here. We argue that the configuration of this market was conditioned by moral aspects associated with the emergence of the environmentalism and also by structural aspects of Brazilian society. The joint operation of these macro structures explained the rise of the "Brazilian model of recycling", based on a compromise between economic and environmental objectives, usually embraced by recycling, and the pursuit of "social inclusion" of recyclable material collectors, who traditionally accept working in the informal waste collection and constitute the foundations of recycling chains in the country. The dynamics of soft drinks and municipal solid waste management sectors was also influenced decisively the emergence and expansion of PET recycling practices. These practices appeared mainly in the textile, in the paint and resins and PET industries as part of the strategies of the companies to reduce costs. We found that companies tend to use more intensely moral justifications associated with recycling in periods of instability. Additionally to the practical understanding about this recycling market, this study helped to build connections between influential contemporary sociological approaches of organizational studies and economic sociology and offered novel ways to use their theoretical tools in empirical research. We highlight the contribution to understanding the connections between social and moral structures and to make sense of the dynamics relationships of multiple fields
O treinamento resistido previne a disfunção mitocondrial no córtex pré-frontal e no músculo vasto lateral de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Rossini, Juliana
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Shiguemoto, Gilberto Eiji
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9885031162656978
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0336039127902838
Introduction: As we age, human body goes through several important physiological changes, especially in women after menopause, during which estrogen levels are declining, causing changes in mitochondrial function both in skeletal muscle and brain. Menopause is mimicked experimentally by a technique called ovariectomy, that causes some alterations in rats, such as the loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia); however studies have demonstrated that loss of age-related muscle is a different process from strength loss. Whereas the loss of muscle strength is dissociated from this condition, it was renamed as dinapenia. Resistance Training (RT) has beneficial effects on postmenopausal women, but is not well established in the literature the possible effects of RT on mitochondrial function of the cerebral motor cortex and skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption) in tissue biopsy of the prefrontal cortex and vastus lateralis muscle (VL) in rats. Materials and Methods: were used 40 adult female rats divided into 4 experimental groups (Sham-SED, Sham- TR, OVX-SED and OVX-TR). The ovariectomy was performed at 13 weeks. The Resistance Training (RT) proposed was the climb stairs model, and held for 13 weeks. The masses of the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Retus Femoralis (RF) were analyzed after sacrifice, which took place 48 hours after the last training session. Oxygen consumption and mitochondrial respiratory parameters were performed on tissue biopsy of the prefrontal cortex and the vastus lateralis (VL) by technique of High Resolution Respirometry (Oroboros®). Results: it was found decreased muscle mass (VL and RF), as well as the cerebellum in OVX-SED group compared to other groups (p <0.05). TR prevented the loss of muscle and cerebelar mass. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was decreased in OVX-SED group compared to the other experimental groups (p <0.05), effect once again prevented by TR. Conclusion: ovariectomy produced mitochondrial dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex and VL, deleterious effect prevented by RT.
Estudo fitoquímico biomonitorado de Duguetia lanceolata e Lithraea molleoides no controle de pragas agrícolas e processos de nanoencapsulamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Domingues, Vanessa de Cássia
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Fernandes, João Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3062709553451994
Leafcutter ants and maize weevil are responsible for great losses in Brazilian agriculture due to the difficult control of these pests. Natural products are becoming increasingly important, mainly in the search for non-toxic chemical compounds to humans, animals and environment and that can bio-rationally control agricultural pests’ behavior, such as insects and fungi. Different methods and new strategies have been the subject of studies to provide propositions for pest control. Among them, the search in nature for new compounds with insecticide and fungicide potential, as well as a synthesis of natural products derivatives with these properties. Accordingly, this study aimed the search of active fractions and compounds as regards the leafcutter ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa, its symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus and Sitophilus zeamais, as known as maize weevil. Through bio-monitored phytochemical studies of the extracts of the plant parts of Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) and Lithraea molleoides (Anacardeaceae), fractions with potential for pest control were found. The present study led to the isolation/identification of 19 substances, including some insecticide and fungicide emphasis. Current studies have been looking for new technologies for active ingredients application and nanoencapsulation seems to be a technique with great potential since systems for controlled release of substances controlling the stability of chemical actives can be found in it. Therefore, the other aspect of this work is related to the development of nanocapsules from biodegradable polymers for the nanoencapsulation of cedrelone, isolated from Trichilia catigua, as well as some semi-syntheses with the cedrelone limonoid, in the search of cedrelone derivatives to be tested on ants and fungi in order to enhance their fungicide and insecticide activities. For the large-scale isolation of cedrelone, present in T. catigua, the CCC technique (countercurrent chromatography) has proved to be successful, with some advantages, such as solvent and time savings, reproducibility and total sample recovery. During the development of formulations for nanoencapsulation, the nanoprecipitation technique proved to be both viable and reproducible for encapsulation. All formulations were stable and with high encapsulation efficiency. For cedrelone derivatives, cedrelone mesylate, propionate cedrelone and cedrelone acetate were synthesized and cedrelone propionate and cedrelone acetate showed great fungicide/insecticide potential against leafcutter ants.
Use of sugarcane trash for solid biofuel production: physicochemical characterization and influence of storage time
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Nakashima, Gabriela Tami
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Yamamoto, Hiroyuki
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Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6568518277464223
In the sugarcane plantation it was common to use fire to facilitate the cutting and harvesting of sugarcane. However, Law 11,241 / 02 in São Paulo State provides the gradual elimination of this straw burning of sugarcane. The largest producer of sugarcane in Brazil is the São Paulo State, which has about 4.7 million hectares of planted area. It is estimated that one hectare produces about 14 tons of trash. Therefore, the mills have been trying to incorporate this trash in burning with the bagasse for power generation. However, high concentrations of mineral impurities are impossible its use for energy purposes. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of storage time and particle size in the physicochemical characterization of the sugarcane trash. It was used the sugarcane trash inside and outside of the bale collected at different storage time (0, 1 and 2 years). The collected material was separated into four different particle sizes (> 0.420mm, 0.250-0.420mm, < 0.250mm and mix). The analyzes involved particle size distribution, proximate analysis, the high heating value (HHV), the chemical analysis of the components of the ashes, the images in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the Klason lignin content, the holocellulose content and extractives. There were variations in the results of the ash content with different particle sizes. It was observed a higher concentration of mineral impurities in smaller particles (< 0.250mm). The HHV varied from 15.9 to 18.3 MJ.kg-1 and showed no statistical difference for the treatments. The results indicate that the sugarcane trash presents problems related to mineral impurities which constrain its use as a solid fuel in the industry. The particle size interferes in their physicochemical characteristics. The trash can be stored in field and the time storage did not affect the quality for use as solid biofuel.
Identificação dos snarks fluxo-críticos de ordem pequena
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-04-29)
Carneiro, André Breda
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Silva, Cândida Nunes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6019111128413167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6595362919175589
The main theme of this dissertation are the k-flow-critical graphs, which are graphs that do not have a k-flow but once any two vertices (either adjacent or not) are identified the smaller graph thus obtained has a k-flow. Amongst those, we focused our study on snarks, which are cubic graphs that do not have a 3-edge-coloring, nor a 4-flow, as Tutte showed that a cubic graph has a 3-edge-coloring if and only if it has a 4-flow. Several famous conjectures can be reduced to snarks, and such fact motivates the study of the structure of such graphs. The 5-Flow Conjecture of Tutte, which states that every 2-edgeconnected graph has a 5-flow is one of them. In 2013, Brinkmann, Goedgebeur, Hägglund and Markström generated all snarks of order at most 36. Silva, Pesci and Lucchesi observed that every 4-flow-critical snark has a 5-flow and that every non-4-flow-critical snark has a 4-flow-critical snark as a minor. This observation allows a new approach to try to resolve Tutte’s 5-Flow Conjecture. This work is an attempt to start following this new approach by identifying which snarks of order at most 36 are 4-flow-critical.