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Avaliação cardiorrespiratória no repouso e no exercício em mulheres com incontinência urinária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-04) Jurgensen, Soraia Pilon; Borghi-Silva, Audrey; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7009295438910018
INTRODUCTION: Urination is mainly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), responsible for continence mechanism, and parasympathetic (PNS). The evaluation of cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) by heart rate variability (HRV) may be inferred autonomic imbalance related to urination. OBJECTIVE: to compare the CAM in response to postural changes in women with and without urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: participants were placed into two groups: with UI (UIG) (n=30; 53±9 years) and control group (CG) (n=22, 53±12 years). There were no included women with cardiovascular disease, with urogynecological surgeries, smokers, diabetics, alcoholics, drug users affecting the responses of variables. It was carried out: anamnesis (including questionnaire that quantifies the degree of urinary loss), functional evaluation of the pelvic floor, evaluation of HRV during postural change, provided with a full bladder (FB) and an empty bladder (EB). HRV was analyzed by linear and nonlinear techniques. Was performed student t test for comparison between groups was applied to two-way ANOVA for comparison between the situations (FB and EB) and positions (supine and standing), and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: there was no significant difference between groups for demographic, anthropometric and functional evaluation of the pelvic floor data. Supine and EB, the UIG showed lower sympathetic modulation and overall HRV compared to CG (%0V:12±8 and 17±8, and SD2:33±13 and 44±17, respectively UIG and CG). There was a significant correlation between the degree of UI with the representative indices of SNS and PNS in this condition (%0V: r=-0.38; p=0.037% and 2UV:r=0.32; p=0.048). Comparing the situations during the supine, both groups had lower overall HRV (SD1:FB=15±5, EB=16±5; FB=15±5, EB=17±5, respectively UIG and CG) and UIG greater imbalance autonomic (%1V:FB=49±7, EB=46±5), with FB. CONCLUSION: UIG presented change in the CAM in relation to CG; and the representative indices of SNS and PNS correlated with the severity of UI, suggesting greater autonomic impairment.
Estudo da população de Coragyps atratus (Bechstein, 1793) (Cathartiformes, Cathartidae) do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-04) Leal, Bárbara Ferreira Cirillo; Cruz, João Batista da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6711198385217623; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6715165680508547
Coragyps atratus is a New World vulture species from the Order Cathartiformes. This species benefits from human activities, especially the improper disposal of organic waste, which increases food supply. The proximity of C. atratus with urban areas can lead to various problems, such as the risk of collision between these birds and aircrafts because of their mass and flight pattern, causing millionaire losses as well as serious consequences to society. This study aims to understand and analyze ecological and biological aspects of the population of C. atratus on Fontes do Ipiranga State Park (PEFI) in order to generate data that supports decision making regarding the management of this species within the park. Searches for identification and mapping of rest areas, feeding grounds and nesting were held on PEFI. To monitor the concentration of animals in the park and understand which climate variables influence it, these animals counts were performed on three different times of the day (morning, noon and evening) over five months. Statistical analysis of these data led to the conclusion that the period of data collection and humidity are variables that significantly influence the amount of animals sighted in the study area. The concentration of C. atratus on PEFI is highest during the afternoon, when the temperature is higher and the percentage of moisture in the air is lower.
Dinâmica, otimização e controle de processos de fermentação em estado sólido : desenvolvimento de metodologias em escala laboratorial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-04) Fonseca, Rafael Frederico; Kwong, Wu Hong; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2034426284174731; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2586664275994045
Solid-state fermentation is characterized by the growth of microorganisms in absence of free water. In one hand, it is advantageous because simulates their natural environment, enabling the use of agro industrial residues in natura. On the other hand, it limits heat transfer between elements, restricting control over the temperature of the medium. In fact, the microbial growth and the product formation dynamics are directly affected by the environmental conditions and variations can be harmful to the process productivity. As a consequence, the temperature increase caused by metabolic heat needs to be avoided. Studies concerning the microbial dynamics dealing with these variations are scarce. Moreover, it was not found any control laws, with guarantee of stability, which was designed for a reference tracking and to minimize the disturbances effects. Thus, two fronts need to be addressed for the solid-state fermentation viability: the development of a mathematical model able to estimate the effects of environmental changes in the process; and a temperature control system able to handle the heat from microbial metabolism. The model was used in a computational algorithm in order to determine if there was a temperature profile that would be more favorable to the products formation. In this work two control laws were studied, a proportional integrative, because it is the most widespread in the industry, and a model base predictive controller, because of its multivariable control versatility. Both control laws were simulated and then implemented in an eleven liters agitated drum bioreactor. Some of the various methods for PI controller parameters settings had their performance and relative stability requirement evaluated. The one that was proved stable was implemented in the bioreactor. Due to the uncertainties of the fermentation process, a self-adjustment mechanism was added to the predictive controller, in spite of the developed mathematical model, in order to avoid some estimation mistakes caused by some non-estimated states of the real process. The controller achieved an adequate performance with this approach. The results showed that the microorganisms were more efficient at a constant 32°C temperature. In addition, both developed controllers presented appropriate results facing the fermentation process requirement, with mean deviances from the referential temperature below 0,6°C and a maximum error of 2,8°C.
Aptidão de espécies florestais para a restauração ecológica em áreas de Floresta Estacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-04) Santos, Ivonir Piotrowski; Silva, José Mauro Santana da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206055452889306; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720975384843775
The classification of species by functional traits facilitates their selection for the restoration of ecological processes and their development in field conditions. In order to identify species with silvicultural suitability (survival and growth) in Deciduous Forest region in 2011, we performed an experiment in Sorocaba, SP, with high plant density (3 individuals / m²), diversity (142 species) and ecological functions ( biomass input , attractive to wildlife, fertilizing and soil cover). After 15 to 45 months we evaluated plant growth (heigh t - H, the height; diameter in soil level - DAC and survival - S) in 120 plots of 12.5 m². The species were classified as unsuitable (> 75% mortality at 15 months), sensitive to competition (> 75% mortality at 45 months), facilitative (> 50% mortality at 45 months) and stru ctur al (<50% mortality at 45 months). Based on the annual survival and periodic increment, grades were assigned to the structural species (high, medium, low and regular suitability ). From 77 selected species and 3945 individuals, only Calophyllum brasiliense (Cambess) was classified as unsuitable . From the remaining species, 8 (10.4%) were sensitive to competition and 10 (13.0%) were considered facilitative and the remainder were structur al . Among the sensitive species planted we observed ones with high frequency in restoration plantation , which may cause the occurrence of gaps over time favoring invasive reinfestation. It is recommended to avoid high density of sensitive species in larger spacing as well as increase the number of structural species in the initial formation of the planting