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De ‘coisa’ a sujeito : o processo de construção da legislação antirracismo no Brasil e a luta política do movimento negro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-19)
Catoia, Cinthia de Cassia
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804284069351245
Among the political struggle strategies of the Black Social Movement, which has been characterized by their dynamism and elaboration of each historic moment, thedisputes in the brazilian juridical field can be pointed out, mainly those ones related to the construction of ananti-racism legislation, a set of rules which has a goal of the deconstructingracism, prejudice and social discrimination that cross the brazilian political and social institutions and the subjectivity of the subjects. In this way, according to Discourse Analysis, data analysis method used, and the reflections upon the methodological and theoretical approach of the subaltern studies, particularly the postcolonial studies, I seek to analyze in this reseach the process of construction of this anti-racism legislation/ anti-racial discrimination legislation/anti- discrimination legislation. The specific objectives of the research were, therefore, to analyse: a) which discourses were raised in the normative and juridical field about the racial and ethnic issue making possible the construction of anti-racism legislation from 1950 on; b) which events and debates, ocurred between 1940 and 1988, were outlining the three dimensions of the anti-racism legislation presentin the brazilian legal order, and, finally, c) the importance of Black Movement in this process. The disputes of the normative and juridical field to the construction of the anti- racism legislation and to the deconstruction (still unfinished) of the racial and ethnic relations in Brazil, underlined, on one hand, by an institucional racism and, on the other, by the myth of a racial democracy, represented, at the same time: the problem of brazilian law limits in relation to the racial and ethnic issue, ressignifying, therefore, the own notion of State and brazilian nation; and, a political process in which blacks, being political subjetcs/actors, became subjetcs of rigths, a denied status by brazilian law, during the colonization process and slavery, that marked our history until the 19th century, and still in dispute in the contemporary brazilian society.
Um modelo matemático para estimar o risco de desenvolver câncer de pulmão por meio de sistemas fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-19)
Laghetto, Beatriz Krabbe
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Peixoto, Magda da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5713762374887657
The main aims of this work are to study the ways to model mathematically uncertainties using Fuzzy Sets Theory, and then propose a mathematical model to estimate the risk of an individual developing lung cancer through a system based rule fuzzy. Therefore, we consider risk factors, namely smoking, pollution, history of lung disease, family history and contact with chemical agents such as system input variables fuzzy. Lung cancer is a disease that has no symptoms in its early stages, making the diagnosis more difficult to be done and, therefore, most discovered when the cancer is already advanced. This type of cancer is highly lethal and frequent in the population, an increase of 2 % per year in its worldwide incidence.
Entre manas e manos : uma etnografia com o movimento de mulheres do hip hop e a casa do hip hop Sanca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-19)
Araujo, Ayni Estevão de
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8760220684526820
In this study, hip hop is shown as a culture in permanent movement. The objective of the study is to identify constitutional factors of the hip hop culture. The study design includes field work focusing on female hip hoppers from São Paulo and São Carlos House of Hip Hop institution. Activities from these two groups were observed and the dynamics of the working functionality of the groups were described. There were also descriptions of interactions between different mobilization forms and their influences, performed by the active characters involved in this process. It was observed that the political awareness between the study groups is shaped throughout the characteristics of the speech of the hip hoppers and their practical actions. Therefore, this study concludes that there were two distinct mobilization manners on the way the two groups experience hip hop culture. However, this process is constantly renovated by the interactions and simultaneous affect from between the groups.
Aplicação de modelo de revisão periódica multiperíodo como política de planejamento de estoques no setor de peças primárias subcontratadas na indústria aeroespacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-19)
Kernbichler, Tiago Sanches
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2343967991506194
This dissertation studies the application of a periodic review inventory model based on the multiperiod newsboy problem, as an effective alternative to reach a well balanced inventory planning policy of subcontractors primary parts area of the aerospace industry. In Brazil, the aerospace industry is responsible for a large amount of the country exports and this industry competes with other globally aerospace supply chains in a scenario increasingly turbulent and demanding for fast deliveries, with high quality levels and low cost. The purpose of this work is to study and propose this alternative for optimizing the inventory planning by means of a quantitative approach, applied in a primary parts sector of the aerospace industry, it will focus in a specific group of items with high annual demand value. The main objective of this approach is to balance the high inventory costs with a high service level demanded in this industry, and efficiently respond the stakeholders expectations, with superior performance of the usual models adopted by this industry, and give a better support to the decision makers in a tactical-operational level. The result obtained show the potential of the method to improve the performance of these inventory management and planning systems.
Potencialidades do trabalho de campo no ensino de geografia : reflexões para uma experiência em escola pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-20)
Zanchetta, Juliana de Fátima
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Silva, Carlos Henrique Costa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5444248390841543
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9240632382129391
We consider the first contribution of an execution of a field work in a school is that students leave their classrooms to study geographical contents, this fact brings an approach between theory and practice. Thus, this teaching methodology allows us to analyze, to question and to problematize the world in spite of the school walls, understanding it like a result of socioeconomic dynamics, conflicts of interests and contradictions wich are part of our reality and influence our experiences and interpretation of what is real. Thus, the use of the field work’s methodology requires not only a teachers planning, but also work conditions that allow teachers remove their students of classrooms and offer them a singular activity that stimulate a meaningful learning. An obstacle to be confronted is the way how Education has been considered by the consumer society guided by neoliberal ideas that have influenced teachers preparing, curriculum materials and educational processes at schools, wich are focused on form technically competent people with specific skills. Although mentioned in Geography National Curricular Parameters like a possibility to build a critical reading about landscapes, the field work is not a priority yet to geography teaching in public schools of São Paulo state, supressing the curriculum. Thus, the general objective of this research was put into operation the execution of field works with students of a public school, thinking about its importance, possibilities, potentialities and limitations, order to establish an interconnected analysis between official documents that concerns the geography teaching in São Paulo state and teachers preparing and conditions. For this pourpose, this study was organized in three steps, as follows: 1) Bibliographic survey, wich in a first moment we could see the importance of a field work to research and geography teaching and, in a second moment we reflect upon the influence of neoliberalism in teachers preparing and in educational processes nowadays, intervening on the performance of field work’s activities at school. 2) Documental research, focused on analysis of PCNs and Oficial Curriculum of São Paulo state, allowing certify the mininal importance given to field investigations activities in geography teaching; and 3) Empirical research, with the establishment of three field work with students from a public school located in Tatuí/SP, making it possible to determine some difficulties for its execution, but a great students feedback as in relation to learning motivation as the way how they built new significances to contents, extending beyond memorization. For analysing the contribution of field work on students learning we consider the precepts of Theory of Meaningful Learning, proposed by David Paul Ausubel, with interpretation of Professor Marco Antônio Moreira.
Captura e reconstrução da marcha humana utilizando marcadores passivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-20)
Reis Filho, Ivan José dos
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Liziér, Mario Augusto de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1257131701222446
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851285336488013
The computational analysis of human mobility can aid in treatment and rehabilitation of people who have some kind of physical disability. Physiotherapeutic studies, called kinematics, aims to correct body’s dysfunction, caused by genetic malformations, degenerative diseases or posture problems. A computer system can be used to precisely describe motion, anatomical position and angular terms during gait. Therefore, the movements need to be captured and represented in three-dimensional space to be evaluated. This work is a study, development and evaluation of a system for capturing human movement based on recorded videos, using low cost computing resources and adapted to the reality of gait analysis. The automation of computing movements capture, as well as aid in neurological, motor or orthopedic rehabilitation will expand its application to community. In this context, a study was conducted about computing methods of human movements capture by passive markers, and defined the four main steps: calibration and synchronization of the cameras, detection and three-dimensional reconstruction. Computer experiments were made to facilitate the theoretical understanding of this work. Kinematic analyzes data were used as a study case for the implementati
Um método analítico para avaliação de respostas emocionais na Interação Humano- Computador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-20)
Santos, Maria Carolina de Souza
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Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9685971329078026
Emotion is an important factor in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) that influences users’ behavior and satisfaction. Empirical methods, i.e., when users are directly involved, are often applied to assess emotional responses evoked by the user interface, but the cost of data collection and analysis is generally high. The adoption of analytical methods is an alternative to the high cost. Although analytical methods are widely accepted in the HCI area, there is a lack of analytical evaluations for emotional responses. The proposed analytical method in this work adopts the semiotic framework and Peirce’s ten classes of signs for the analysis of the design proposal and by the Scherer’s Semantic Space of Emotions for the association of possible emotional responses evoked by the interface signs. The current version of the proposed method was applied to a case study and results were considered consistent when compared with those obtained through empirical methods.
Interação de isolados de Trichoderma spp. e preparados homeopáticos : estudo in vitro e no desenvolvimento inicial do tomateiro-cereja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-20)
França, Danilo Vieira Cardozo
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Kupper, Katia Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900622063392740
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Rossi, Fabrício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621862166341833
The fungi of genus Trichoderma are found inhabiting the rhizosphere of plants acting as biological control agents and plant growth promoters. The homeopathic preparations have the potential to assist the vegetative development, promoting adaptation to climate conditions and absorption of nutrients. The interaction between techniques that aim the sustainability of the production system is one of the principles of agroecological view. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of Trichoderma spp. and homeopathic preparations in vitro and initial development of cherry tomato. The isolates of Trichoderma spp., obtained in the laboratory from soil samples, were subjected to in vitro assays for evaluating the production of indoleacetic acid and phosphate solubilization. The selected isolates were analyzed in relation to mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of spores under the influence of homeopathic treatments (Carbo vegetabilis 6CH and Phosphorus 6CH). In the experiment with cherry tomato, were compared the plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry shoot, root, leaves and stems, also was determined the leaf area, chemical composition found in the shoot using homeopathic treatments Carbo vegetabilis 6CH and Phosphorus 6CH, such as Trichoderma “F”, “R” and Trichodermil®. The in vitro tests showed that two isolates produced indoleacetic acid and four isolates were higher in phosphate solubilization. It was also observed that Phosphorus increased the speed of mycelial growth of Trichoderma, and positively influenced the sporulation of the isolates. The Carbo vegetabilis treatment provided an increased number of germinated conidia of Trichoderma “F” isolated. In the experiment with cherry tomato it was found that the use of treatments did not influenced on plant height, but it was observed interaction between Trichderma and homeophatic preparations in the increase of diameter stem. It has been found that the use of Trichoderma promoted an increased leaf area index, fresh and dry weight of leaves. The homeopathic treatment Carbo vegetabilis 6CH provided gains on the plant roots. The homeopathic treatments and Trichoderma isolades had influence on cherry tomato above the use of soil nutrients.
Nanopartículas magnéticas: simulações para o regime superparamagnético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-20)
Sampaio, Guilherme Moisés
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Brandl, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308757619164141
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2434251534223251
The comprehension of the phenomena related to magnetism allowed advances in various fields of knowledge and several modern applications that are now part of our daily lives. Specifically, the magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) has aroused a great interest among researchers in recent decades. This curiosity due to its unique properties is due to its small size and surface interactions. One of the main physical phenomena that appear when we reduce the size of a magnetic particle is called superparamagnetism. In this work, we have looked for a description and understanding of the mathematical formalism attached to magnetic phenomena at nanoscale through the application of the Langevin’s function to magnetic NPs in superparamagnetic regime and non-interacting model. Accordingly, we use theoretical simulations of magnetization curves as a function of applied field to study some parameters and verify its compatibility with magnetic characterization data obtained for samples of NPs magnetite and maghemite. In this way, we can get relevant information to the analysis of the magnetic behavior of nanoparticulate systems. Finally, we have lunched the potential of these magnetic NPs in biomedical applications both in diagnostic techniques and in disease treatments.
Análise ergonômica do trabalho na execução de armaduras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-20)
Carvalho, Laísa Cristina
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Paliari, José Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2781510654977013
Civil construction is one of the activities that generates most jobs in the country, owning handmade construction methods and with few technological innovations. It notes that the number of workers in that area is significant because of the diversity of existing activities in a building. In the case of the reinforcing steel service, tasks are performed manually and request different degrees of effort, which when applied recursively, with tools and equipment unsuitable and inadequate workplace, may cause damage to the health and comfort of workers. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the ergonomic working conditions of the reinforcing steel service. Therefore, we used the methodology of the Ergonomic Assessment Method for Task Analysis (AET), aided by three ergonomic tools: Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA), the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) and the Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA). Considering these factors analyzed, with photographic records, interviews and site visiting to watch the worker during his tasks, the actual conditions of the job were studied, trying to analyze everyday work situations, health and safety of workers and featuring, thus, the workplace conditions during reinforcing steel service. The results corroborate the existence of working inadequate postures while performing the task. According to ergonomic tool EWA the most critical ergonomic factor detected was related to Working Postures and Movement, followed by Load Lifting factor. Among the activities analyzed using this ergonomic analysis instrument, the one which presented more critic was related to the assembly of reinforcement for beams. According to the ergonomic analysis instrument MET, tasks with higher energy expenditure and metabolic expenditure were related to Receiving and Storage of steel bars. Among the operation inherent to each task of reinforcement service, there is the tie bars with annealed wire. Finally, it is concluded that the index of exposure OCRA for the activity of tie bars with annealed wire presents imminent risk to all analyzed situations.
Políticas de educação especial no município de Sorocaba, de 1988 a 2012
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-23)
Públio, Patrícia Lopes Ramos
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Chambal, Luís Alfredo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3923363544357331
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
The presente stud has as object the research analysis of the contexts of production of special education public policies on municipal de Sorocaba/SP in 1988 to 2012 period, in seeking to understand the production and negotiations about their meanings in ensuring the right to education. The research is methodologically and theoretically reference in the policy cycle approach formulated by Stephen Ball and contributors that highlighting the complex and controversial nature of educational policy, proposing the existence of a political cycle: the context of influence, the context of text production, the context of practice. For the analysis of specific fields sought to complementarity in the grounds of authors about the conceptions of the role of the State, public policy (educational) and the right to education. This methodological approach, built on a qualitative analysis, taking as axis the documental analysis and literature analysis. The survey reveals that the process of special education in the city, constituted in this period of twenty-five years, in each period sought to adjust the settings of the policies under discussion at the time (national and international), demonstrating how the context of influence was decisive. This process has advanced regarding the actions undertaken by the secretary of education in their government projects, however, for not consolidating as municipal public policy, ensuring the permanence of the rights conquered becomes fragile leaving open the possibility of disruptions. So the research reveals that the practice context is beyond the municipality’s text production context.
Uma arquitetura para intercomunicação de ambientes de realidade virtual distribuídos baseados em aglomerados gráficos remotos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-23)
Dias, Diego Roberto Colombo
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0338180908110992
Virtual reality is a technology that combines the creation of synthetic and three-dimensional virtual environments (3D), providing a high degree of immersion and interaction. At the same time, the Collaborative Work area allows users to perform tasks together remotely. By combining Virtual Reality and Collaborative Work it is possible to create collaborative virtual 3D environments. However, collaborative virtual 3D environments pose communication challenges that essentially entail generating images in real time for remote users. Moreover, it is challenging to overcome the disadvantages of the involved clusters such as the need for interprocess communication, specially on Internet-based networks. In this thesis we set out to devise and implement an architecture that is able to mitigate issues caused by remote graphics clusters based on data networks, resulting in an optimized inter-cluster connection. Furthermore, a behavioral model for analyzing distributed applications based on our architecture was devised and implemented. It was also carried out case studies to evaluate the architecture.
Atores e ideias na constituição do direito à memória e à verdade : análise da mudança política no Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-23)
Soares, Alessandra Guimarães
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4942713174217833
This research aims to analyze the role of actors and ideas on the institutional change that led to the inclusion of the right to memory and truth as a public policy in the third edition of the National Human Rights Program (PNDH-3), resulting in the creation of the National Truth Commission (CNV) in 2011. In Brazil the process of setting up these policies, although dating from the 1970s and during many governments still remains unfinished. Consisting of a long process of political discussion, these clashes, caught in different political arenas and in different historical contexts, had their institutionalization only in 2009 with the edition of the PNDH-3 and some laws, the main ones being: the one created the National Commission of Truth (Law No. 12,528 / 2011), and that gave new wording to the Access to Information Act (Law No. 12,527 / 2011), allowing the opening of the dictatorship files and thus allowing the CNV the execution of its work. The struggle waged for more than three decades to build the right to memory, truth and justice (with the latter aspect of justice never being achieved) was permeated by advances and setbacks, with the central agents of this process being two opposing forces. Over the period studied in this research (1970-2011), the clash between these two opposing forces won several contours and was analyzed based on the theoretical model of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) developed by Paul Sabatier and Hank Jenkins-Smith (1993; 1999). To understand how this occurred institutional change happened, the investigation analyzed the dynamics of action of these conflicting groups in the decisionmaking processes that formed the three versions of PNDH, the main national implementing laws on this subject and its results. Based on these documents it was possible to map the actors (governmental and non-governmental), their beliefs and resources commonly used by them to influence the political process. Two different locus of action were analyzed with actors who opposed and complemented each other. The first locus was called "subsystem of the National Human Rights Program" (SPNDH), within the SPNDH the discussions on the right to memory, truth and justice were analyzed; the second locus was called "subsystem of access to information" (SAI), and the research focused specifically in the discussions on the opening of the military dictatorship files. In the two subsystems, there was the work of two coalitions, which were called "truth and justice coalition" (CVJ) and "reciprocal and partial amnesty coalition" (CARP). As a result, the survey found that the beliefs that shaped these coalitions are stable over time (the second half of the 1970s to 2011). However, depending on the historical moment and the debates that stand out in the national political scene, coalitions tend to converge their struggles for just some of those beliefs in order to ensure that every effort will be made to translate them into policies. Regarding the policy change, it is observed that, in SPNDH, representative changes (of the large-sized kind) occurred only in 2008, but these are soon reversed, and inside the SAI, they occur over the FHC era and the Lula era, and the significant changes (also of the large -sized kind) come only in 2011 influenced by changes in SPNDH. Regarding the coalitions mapped in the subsystems, it is clearly perceived the work of one of them behind the scenes of politics (reciprocal and partial amnesty coalition) and its influence throughout the decision-making process in the two subsystems.
Determinação de metais por técnicas espectroanalíticas em amostras de carne e sangue de bovinos submetidos à dieta com adição de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis, St. Hilaire)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-23)
Dib, Samia Rodrigues
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2634117055665131
Given the importance of quality in the bovine meat and its relationship with the diet submitted to animals, this master dissertation has the proposition to evaluate the Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, and Zn concentrations changes in blood and meat of bovines that ingested feed supplemented with yerba mate. The experiment was conducted with 48 male of bovines, which were confined and shared into 4 groups. The first one was feed without the addition of yerba mate and the others had 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5% of yerba mate added to the total mass of their diets. After slaughter, samples of feed and yerba mate, and blood, liver, and muscle of slaughtered animals were freeze-dried, ground and then microwave assisted digested in HNO3 and H2O2 medium. The analytes Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn were quantified in the feed, yerba mate, and blood by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The same analytes were quantified in the muscle and in the liver by microwave inductively plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES). The methods were validated with the use of certified reference materials and statistically similar results to the certified values were obtained, with appropriates limits of detection and quantification. Principal component analyses (PCA) were performed to evaluate the influence of the addition of yerba mate combined with the variables weight, age, fat layer, and animal genetic in the liver results. The amount of added yerba mate was the leading cause of differences among the analytes results, which were not affected by the other variables. Samples of blood, liver, and muscle presented differences between the analytes concentrations with the different treatments. However, the results showed variations among the different treatments and sample sorts. In muscle matrix, higher levels of evaluated analytes in animals feed diets were obtained with 1.0% mate addition. On the other hand the highest concentration varied between treatments with 0.5 and 1.5% of mate in the samples of blood. By PCA performed with the liver samples, it was observed that except for Fe, the amount of added mate extract caused significant effect compared to control group (0%) and the group receiving the highest dosage of mate (1.5%), especially for K, Mg, and Ca.
História da educação agrícola do sul de Minas Gerais : a Escola Agrícola de Muzambinho (1948-1985)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-24)
Vieira, Lívia Carolina
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0765100136177086
This research lies in the field of history of school institutions and has as its object of study the Agricultural School of Muzambinho, with the objective of analyzing the process of is creation and the formation offered to students. This study also assists in the understanding of the goals and directions of the institutions of agricultural education in Southern Minas Gerais, important region for agricultural production in the time frame chosen for the analysis: 1948 to 1985.The choice of the period has since the early initiatives for school creation until the end of the period of military dictatorship in Brazil to analyze the implementation of the model school - farm, a result of the relations between the United States and Brazil. The primary documents were the main basis of research, among them the reports of management; student identification cards; enrollment maps; academic contents lists; school subjects lists and table of content; letters with requests from students and teachers to the school secretary; newspapers; laws and decrees relating to the period, opinions, resolutions, messages of the governors, reports of the President of the Province; pictures of the school and the city. Were also carried out interviews with former students and school personnel. The method chosen to make such analyzes is dialectical and historical materialism, which investigates the intimate connection between the way in which society produces its material existence and the school institution that creates. As a reference we chose authors who investigate the history of school institutions as Magalhães (1998), Saviani (2007), Araújo (2007) (2000) and Buffa; Nosela (2013). The results indicated the connection of the school with the need for training of rural workers and the modernization of the field, driven by the influence of the United States after 1960. These actions promote changes in national production and the agricultural education based on the implementation of the school-farm model.
Deposição de nanocristais coloidais: da síntese à aplicação na fotoeletroquímica da oxidação da água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-24)
Gonçalves, Ricardo Henrique
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Mallouk, Thomas E.
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2385127856921005
An excellent and potentially efficient route towards storing solar energy is to convert light into chemical energy in the form of chemical bonds, which is a form of artificial photosynthesis. Considering the abundance of H2O on the planet, water splitting is a natural pathway for artificial photosynthesis. Hematite is an n-type semiconductor with high chemical stability in alkaline media and promising material for photoelectrochemical water splitting. This Thesis describes critical parameters involved in the Colloidal Nanocrystals Deposition (CND) process to produce hematite photoanodes with high efficiency for solar-to-hydrogen conversion. In chapter 2, a fundamental study reveals that the interface solid-solid is a parameter that has strong influence on the performance of the photoanode. The gap between the FTO substrate and hematite thin film was observed by HRTEM image and it can be overcome during a sintering stage. In the same chapter, the solid-solid interface analysis was correlated with the photoresponse and it has showed that hematite thin film treated at 1000 oC also improved the response of this photoande. This result was explained based on the grain growth and associated with the mass distribution on the FTO surface. In chapter 3, the CND process was improved using the magnet to assist the nanocrystals deposition and also oxidation of magnetite (Fe3O4) to maghemite (γ- Fe2O3) to avoid the presence of Fe2+. In this approach, Sn4+ was used as a doping element and has showed a significant improve on the photoresponse of the hematite. The STEM-EDS analysis has showed that Sn has ability to segregate on the hematite grain boundary during sintering process, blocking grain growth process. The results showed in chapter 4 were essential to understand the thickness effect on the photocurrent of thin film produced by CND process. In this case, changing the nanocrystals concentration has direct effect on the thickness of the hematite thin film. The FTO roughness also showed significant influence on the orientation of hematite grain along the direction <110>. In this study, it was possible to calculate the maximum theoretical efficiency for the hematite photoanode obtained by this method. The thickness control and homogeneity of the thin film give a great perspective for technological application of this process. The in situ heating TEM demonstrated that nanocrystals has abnormal grain growth and also a superplastic phenomenon, as revealed in chapter 5. In this chapter, Sn was deposited on γ-Fe2O3 impeding atom dislocation on the grain boundary and consequently inhibits the growth process. This experiment was an approach to simulate the sintering process performed in the CND process. The electrocatalyst described in chapter 6, showed low overpotential for OER. The strategy to use a Prussian blue analogue to deposit a thin layer of nickel-iron hexacyanoferrate and convert into oxyhydroxide achieved excellent homogeneity and low overpotential for OER. This result is comparable with IrO2 and RuO2 that are electrocatalysts with high electrochemical performance. Catalyst supports were also evaluated, such as FTO, palladium and PGS. The PGS substrate showed an excellent performance as catalytic support for OER, with similar results of palladium foil.
Mapeamento geoestatístico tridimensional do teor de umidade e caracterização energética em pilhas de cavacos de madeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-24)
Valentim, Larissa Benassi
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Pádua, Franciane Andrade de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6654011118796928
The execution of this work aimed at the use of geostatistics to predict the spatial pattern of variation of moisture content in piles of eucalyptus wood chips intended for energy production to generate subsidies to adequate sampling and handling of the material. For this, piles wood chips were installed for evaluation in three different storage periods, these rings being made by the newly cut material in seven, thirty and sixty days of storage. Sampling occurred in both axial positions (top, middle and base) side, so that all samples were georeferenced in relation to the distance from the ground and the center of the pile. The moisture content of the wood chips in each sample point was determined by gravimetric method recommended by NBR 14929 (ABNT, 2003). In addition, samples were subjected to analysis bulk density, particle size distribution, chemical analysis and determination of its calorific value, aiming at energy material characterization. The humidity values were submitted to geostatistical analysis and kriging. Our results confirmed the spatial dependence of the moisture content over the piles stored at seven and thirty days, confirming that the use of geostatistics is a useful tool to support the creation of sampling protocols and assist moisture content distribution studies over the pile. The effect of rain was crucial to reduce the spatial dependence on pile sixty days of storage, indicating that the wood chips stored in the form of piles are subject to wetting even in inner parts of the pile. In general, Eucalyptus grandis wood chips showed satisfactory technological characteristics for energy production.
Ações de professores de escolas regulares com crianças com transtorno do espectro autista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25)
Gallo, Giulia Calefi
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Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7544189440874179
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7049557014338455
The main characteristics of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are deficits in communication, socio-emotional reciprocity, non-verbal communication and development. In addition, they present restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, insistence on the same subject, ritualized patterns of verbal and nonverbal behavior, fixed interest with unusual focus or intensity. Although people with ASD are considered persons with disabilities (Act No. 12764) being subject to the same laws and possess the rights to be included in regular education, it is still a very incipient practice in Brazil. Considering the ASD characteristics and their impact on interactions in the classroom and the unpreparedness of the professionals dealing with ASD child behavior characteristics in the classroom, are found in the literature the Evidence-Based Practices, identified as effective in teaching children with ASD. However, due to the lack of studies that demonstrate the use of these Evidence-Based Practices in Brazil, the aim of this study was to evaluate the practices used by regular rooms teachers in interventions with ASD children. Five teachers from two regular schools with ASD students participated of the research. Six interaction observations sessions of 40 minutes each in average were made with each of the teachers and children with ASD. Every teacher's action directed at children with ASD was dictated in low voice to the recorder. Subsequently, the speeches were transcribed and those transcriptions sought to identify the actions used by teachers based on a protocol. These observations were analyzed by the rate of responses to the applied practices. The results showed that the main behaviors issued by teachers in relation to children with ASD were general instruction to the room; direct question to the student (physically distant); direct question to the student (physically close); direct instruction - verbal cue (physically distant); direct instruction - verbal cue (physically close); Teacher provides physical assistance; Teacher provides physical tip (involves sign tip and tip by model); Teacher ignores the child's behavior; Teacher physically approaching the child; "Containment" physical (safe in the arm / hand / leg) for the child does not leave the room / wheel / activity. Only one of five teachers offered educational activities tailored to the student with ASD. Teachers use the same actions regardless of the needs of the student. Consequently, it follows the need to modify the perspectives before these children, making possible changes in the actions and procedures used with these children in the classroom to promote learning.
Estudo da eletrodeposição da liga Fe-Mo a partir de um banho à base de sorbitol. Caracterização física, química e morfológica dos eletrodepósitos Fe-Mo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25)
Zacarin, Maria Gabriela
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Carlos, Ivani Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-9381
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6122251297187148
Study of the electrodeposition of Fe-Mo alloy from a sorbitol bath. Physical, Chemical and the morphological characterizations of Fe- Mo eletrodeposits. An alkaline solution for the electrodeposition of Fe-Mo alloys was developed with sorbitol as the complexing agent for Fe(III) ions. The Fe-Mo voltammetric profile showed two cathodic peaks c1 and c2 which were, respectively, associated with the reduction of [Fe(OH)2(sorbitol)2]3- to [Fe(OH)2(sorbitol)2]4- and its further reduction to Fe concomitantly with reduction of Mo oxides/hydroxides to Mo and also with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) observed by the analysis of voltammetric curves together with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of Fe-Mo electrodeposits with electrodeposition charge density (qd) of 5,30 C cm-2 and 510,20 C cm-2 potentiostatically produced, showed smooth films or with cracks, depending on the deposition potential (Ed). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of Fe-Mo electrodeposits produced with qd of 5,30 C cm-2 showed that the Mo content varied with Ed from 4,88 wt% (Ed = -1,20 V) to 18,92 wt% (Ed = -1,80 V) and with qd of 510,20 C cm-2 from 25,38 wt% (Ed = -1,60 V) to 37,74 wt% (Ed = -1,40 V). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the Fe-Mo electrodeposits indicated the presence of Fe3Mo phase independently of Ed and qd values.
Recuperação de reservatórios eutrofizados por atividades antrópicas : estudos em microcosmos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-05-25)
Pantano, Glaucia
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Fadini, Pedro Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3255060531838427
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2316956259144120
The economic development of a country depends on good quality of water available, so the conservation and restoration of water bodies are strategic conditions for this to happen. However, water resources have become scarce over the past decades, in quantitative and qualitative terms. A variety of human activities have caused serious problems to the aquatic environment, and eutrophication is one of the most responsible for the degradation of the quality of water bodies, mainly caused by the artificial enrichment of nutrients, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. There are currently two contrasting scenarios: the excessive presence of phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems and, the depletion of phosphate rock deposits, which endangers the water security and the global food security. In this context the development of technologies aimed at the recovery of the quality of aquatic ecosystems and phosphorus contained in these compartments is of fundamental importance, since the global stock of phosphate rocks is a finite resource and may be close to being exhausted. Various technologies for the remediation of eutrophic environments have been studied, however none of which aims to reuse of phosphorus in agriculture. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sawdust as biosorbent material to phosphorus aiming the recovery of the quality of water resources and its later use as fertilizer in agriculture. The experiments were conducted in two stages, first were assembled microcosm with water and sediment samples from eutrophic reservoir Ibirité/MG, the total incubation time was 159 days, in this time various parameters (physicochemical and chemical) were monitored in the water column, interstitial water and sediment. After the end of this first experiment arose any question about the phosphorus adsorption in sawdust, what motivated the development of a new experiment with samples of the Barra Bonita/SP. This experiment was performed with sterile and non-sterile samples as well as that had or not a previous addition of iron in the sawdust, the incubation time was 240 and 247 days, respectively for non-sterile and sterile experiment. The results of the first experiment (Ibirité) showed that there was a reduction of 90.5% of orthophosphate in the water column of the microcosms and sawdust adsorbed 16.2 μg g-1, this adsorption occurred mostly after 113 days of incubation. In the second experiment results showed that prior to addition of iron not conducive to increased adsorption in the non-sterile experiments, and the main adsorption mechanism may be not via the action of bacteria oxidizing Fe (II). The higher adsorption in the second experiment took place in sterile microcosm, where sawdust adsorbed 66.9 μg g-1 in the period of 247 days. Knowing that the success in the recovery of water bodies depends on the reduction of external phosphorus sources, the studied technology has a good potential application as a remediation technique and phosphorus reuse as fertilizer, mainly because it is an inexpensive technique and easy to use.