Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2016-07-04"

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    Uma proposta para o ensino de geometria analítica através da resolução de problemas e do uso do geogebra
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-04)
    Cardoso, Carlos Eduardo
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    Barros, Tomas Edson
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5442017085057925
    The concern with the basic teaching of mathematics have grown over the past years. The results presented in external evaluations and even the performance in the classroom have worried experts in education and our entire society. This study was carried out in order to seek an improvement in education and show the real sense of the mathematical concepts. We sought to develop and propose a didactic sequence that promotes students’ understanding of the key concepts of analytic geometry covered in high school showing by solving problems, geometric idea behind each algebraic development conducted over the activities proposals. It also sought to combine the technology with the help of Geoge- bra, the activities that were conventionally worked in the classroom, providing an extension of the conceptual view by the students. The didactic sequence and the results presented below were designed and rigorously applied in the classroom as well as having always been planned with the goal of transforming the student as the protagonist of ones own knowledge. So it was presented a proposal based on the Didactic Engineering which combines the geometric vision with the algebraic development not letting aside that mathematical concepts are fundamental to the intellectual development of our students.
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    Filogeografia de Partamona helleri Friese, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-06)
    Cardoso, Tecavita Ananda Rodrigues
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    Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1440976646551408
    Meliponini is a tribe of bees popularly known as stingless bees that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, being more diversified in Neotropical and Indo-Malaya regions. Currently, 29 genus and 244 species are present in Brazil. Only a few phylogeographic studies were realized with species of this tribe. The genus Partamona Schwarz, 1939 clusters 33 species with exclusive occurrence in the Neotropical region. The species Partamona helleri presents wide distribution throughout Atlantic forest and part of the Cerrado from the State of Minas Gerais, reason of the choice of this species as our model organism. This study aimed to elucidate the phylogeographic pattern of P. helleri populations throughout its distribution area. For this purpose, samples of 347 nests from 67 localities situated from Northern Bahia to Santa Catarina were collected. Three mitochondrial genes fragments (COI, CytB and 12S) were analysed, which resulted in 339 concatenated sequences. The phylogenetic reconstruction by Bayesian Inference (IB) showed several lineages in a little resolved polytomy, what hampered the definition of the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes. The haplotype network illustrated the relationship between 73 haplotypes identified, being 64 of them exclusive of localities. The AMOVA showed that 91.7% of the genetic variation is due to interpopulacional differences, indicating high structuring among populations. A low significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was observed (r = 0,2487; P < 0,0010). The Bayesian population analysis implemented by BAPS showed that five groups were more suited to explain that genetic structuring. Such result was partly compliant with established lineages in the topology obtained by IB and with the results observed in the haplotype network. The results showed that the northern populations of P. helleri distribution are quite differentiated among themselves and also from the others populations observed along the central and southern regions. However, it was not possible to access how the genetic variation of the northern populations is organized, and there may be a division in two or more phylogroups. For other populations, the existence of three possible phylogroups was verified, two in the central region and a third occupying the central and southern regions. The results obtained for the demographic history of these phylogroups were not conclusive, however, it is likely that the phylogroup occupying the central and southern regions is in an expansion process. It was also verified that the level of variation observed by phylogroup decreases towards north/south, which allowed to raise a hypothesis about the origin and dispersion of this species.
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    Diagnóstico médico por meio de relações Fuzzy: Dengue, Chikungunya ou Zika
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-07)
    Marins, Lazaro Rodrigo de
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    Peixoto, Magda da Silva
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0869905967271911
    This research aims to use the fuzzy relations to diagnose patients infected with the virus transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which can be diagnosed with dengue, chikungunya or zika. For this we use fuzzy relational equations to propose a model of medical diagnosis. The basic idea is to relate the symptoms or signs of patients with these three diseases. First we studied basic concepts of Fuzzy Sets Theory through definitions, theorems and examples.
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    Diversidade genética de Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) em áreas de Cerrado e Pantanal
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-07)
    Fischer, Eliana Michelle Paviotti
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    Desbiez, Arnaud Léonard Jean
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1343726040328032
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    Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
    Euphractus sexcinctus is a species of armadillo endemic to the South American continent, that has wide distribution and occurs in all Brazilian biomes. Although generalist, with some tolerance to environmental changes, the species is very threatened by anthropogenic pressures, mainly by roadkill. Therefore, this study aimed to provide genetic information for the species, increasing the understanding of the distribution of genetic diversity and its population genetic structure. To access the genetic diversity of the species, its complete genome was sequenced by next generation sequencing. From the sequencing data, the complete mitochondrial genome was assembled. The mitogenoma was considered as subspecies level: Euphractus sexcinctus flavimanus. Besides mitogenoma nuclear microsatellites markers were developed. These microsatellites were used to evaluate the distribution of genetic diversity of the species in areas of Cerrado and Pantanal. Molecular markers were used to identify the sex of the animals, since this identification was not performed during collection. The possibility of molecular sexing in armadillos can be useful, especially when studying carcasses. The data for mitochondrial genome of E. s. flavimanus showed differences, mainly in the control region (D-loop) in comparison to the mitochondrial genome of E. sexcinctus recently sequenced. Regarding the genetic diversity rates, high values were observed for the species in all sampled areas, which is expected to not endangered species. The Bayesian analysis and the molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis exposed a panmitic population of E. sexcinctus in part of the Mato Grosso do Sul, including areas of Cerrado and Pantanal. This fact should not discourage, however, conservation measures for the species, as thought he factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that individuals in some areas barely overlap. In addition, the FST calculations indicated a significant, but very low, structuraction between individuals of cerrado and Pantanal. Molecular sexing showed males are more run dwon than females in two large sampled portions of the BR262. Data on roadkill showed several hotsposts roadkill. This data is useful for taking mitigating measures. However, more detailed data about the surrounding landscape become necessary to better understand the distribution of roadkill on highways sampled and ecology of this species of armadillo.
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    A imagem docente na novela Carrossel apresentada na Argentina, no México e no Brasil : a vocação, o magistério e a indústria cultural
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-07)
    Valentim, Lucy Mary Soares
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    Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6385075288522018
    La imagen del maestro presentado en la pantalla a través de películas y novelas tienen un papel importante en la formación y el establecimiento de nuestra subjetividad. Este hallazgo despertó en mí el deseo de analizar la imagen del maestro Helena en carrusel novela. La primera versión de la telenovela bajo el título Jacinta Pichimahuida la maestra que si el Ovida, se estableció en Argentina en 1960 por Abel Santa Cruz. Antes de eso, sin embargo, entre 1938-1940, el autor publicó en la revista Patoruzú algunos cuentos sobre las aventuras de un maestro con sus alumnos en el aula o más. El éxito de las historias publicadas, despertó la adaptación a los medios electrónicos en forma de drama de la radio en 1964 y la serie de televisión en 1966. En 1980 la cadena de televisión Televisa en México compraron los derechos de la trama y producido con la misma autor, telenovela Carrusel. En 1992 se emitió la cuarta versión de la novela, emitir por satélite en toda América Latina, con el título Viva los Niños. En Brasil, la versión de la telenovela mexicana fue transmitido por el Sistema Brasileño de Televisión (SBT), entre 1991 y 1996. En 2012, el SBT produjo una nueva versión de la versión mexicana con actores brasileños. La imagen de maestro ha sido presentada como una princesa o un hada de hoy y se observa en las versiones de la novela transmitida en los tres países. Lo que llamó nuestra atención para la investigación fue el uso de la imagen por la industria cultural. En concreto, en la versión brasileña, se observó que el maestro Helena es la realización del maestro ideal, atento, da la bienvenida a los estudiantes y padres con simpatía y aprecio, visitan a las familias, resolver problemas, se reúne impotente, decepcionado, enfermo, en deuda. Siempre tiene palabras de consuelo, ánimo, ánimo. Además de estos atributos, la imagen es de una mujer joven y bella se presenta como una princesa de los tiempos modernos. El estudio trata de comprender cómo esta imagen trae la información bueno o malo el maestro que proporciona un conocimiento distorsionada de la realidad, mostrando una falsa idea del maestro, la escuela y los estudiantes, con la enseñanza como vocación por encima de la formación. El método utilizado para la literatura de investigación se busca autores de la Teoría Crítica de la Sociedad, para entender el renacimiento del concepto de industria cultural por el maestro novela carrusel de imágenes; estudios en Theodor Adorno, particularmente en su análisis del pensamiento crítico para la práctica de la enseñanza; autores que apoyaron el concepto de vocación; autores que contribuyeron a la comprensión de la novela del carrusel. La investigación de campo y documental fueron a través de los datos recogidos a través de Internet; observación capítulos carrusel novela de transmisión en Brasil y en entrevistas y cuestionarios con la gente que veía la telenovela en cada uno de los tres países. Los estudios permitieron presentar algunas reflexiones relacionadas con la existencia de concepciones erróneas relativas a la buena imagen / buen maestro / a. La mayoría de las veces, las utopías se muestran como real y verdadero, apuntando a los beneficios de la venta de los productos anunciados por los patrocinadores de la transmisión de la industria cultural revitalizando así novela.
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    Preparação de membranas poliméricas porosas a partir de técnicas de espumação com agentes físicos de expansão
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-07)
    Almeida, Ronaldo José de
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    Pessan, Luiz Antonio
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1198135738577362
    The objective of this master’s thesis was to develop a process of manufacturing porous polymer membranes for microfiltration by a one-step foaming technique, using carbon dioxide (CO2) as physical blowing agent and ethanol (etOH) as co-solvent. Initially this work was conducted with PC/PMMA polymer blend samples in hollow fiber geometry, varying the blend composition, foaming temperature and the co-solvent content. It was determined that the blend composition PC/PMMA 60/40, sorbed with CO2 at 40°C with an ethanol content of 10%mol (CO2 molar basis) provided an opened porous morphology with potential for filtering applications. However, the pronounced fiber wall expansion ratio after the foaming process resulted in a considerable reduction of the fibers inner diameter, hindering its application as a hollow fiber membrane. Thus, it was necessary to change the hollow fiber geometry for flat films. DSC analysis showed that the PC/PMMA is a partially miscible blend. Gravimetric sorption tests revealed a higher sorption of diluents in polymers after adding ethanol as co-solvent with CO2, resulted from a stronger affinity between the polymers and the CO2/etOH mixture. Gas permeation tests showed a maximum pore size smaller than 10 micrometers, which is considered as an upper limit in the definition of microfiltration membranes. However, when compared to commercial membranes, the samples showed a considerably lower water permeation. With respect to the samples morphology, SEM images of the flat film samples revealed a cross section formed by a porous central region with micrometric interconnected pores, while the skin layers were composed of dense and foamed regions.
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    Rivalidade entre os polos : a construção discursiva do Conselho Mundial da Água
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-07)
    Espinoza, Rodrigo de Freitas
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    Martins, Rodrigo Constante
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2385823078490472
    This work aims to characterize the discursive production of the World Water Council, an entity created in 1996 in order to set a plataform for the international debate on water. For this task, we will build, from the discourse plan and the socio-historical context, an analysis of the Environment Conferences and Water Conference as well as the documents and reports published by the Council devoted to the subject. Therefore, the methodological procedures adopted are documentary research, literature review and semi-structured interviews. In conceptual level, this research is supported by the post-colonial and decolonial framework. From this perspective, we have as main objective to analyze the possible impacts of colonialism in the discursive production on the environmental issue, especially in arguments built by the Council. We will be guided by the following hypothesis: the contours that characterize the boundaries of environmental issues are guided by a logic of coloniality of being, knowing and power, thus promoting a theme of entrapment in a discriminatory and hierarchical structure of the world.
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    Determinação de arsênio total e inorgânico em sucos de frutas e arroz por ICP-MS
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-07)
    Pinheiro, Fernanda Costa
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    Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7672863657607448
    Analytical procedures using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of total As in rice samples and fruit juices and inorganic As in rice samples were developed. A microwave-assisted digestion procedure carried out in closed vessels was developed using hydrogen peroxide and dilute nitric acid for better control of the analytical blank. The selective extraction procedure used for the determination of inorganic As was characterized by its simplicity and use of non-toxic reagents. Inductively ICP-MS/MS in mass-shift mode was efficient for the determination of total As in juices samples by reaction of the analyte with oxygen, enabling the determination of arsenic without interferences by monitoring 75As16O+. The limit of detection was 0.013 μg L-1 and total As concentrations determined in juices ranged from 0.126 to 1.45 μg L-1. All samples had As concentrations significantly lower than the maximum tolerable limits imposed by legislation. Addition and recovery experiments performed in reactive gas operating mode led to quantitative recoveries showing the accuracy of the procedure. Determination of total and inorganic As in rice samples were performed using ICP-MS in acquisition mode with and without collision cell pressurized with He flow rate at 4.5 mL min-1. The limit of detection without collision gas acquisition mode was in the range of 0.005 a 0.007 mg kg-1. Recovery was 103 % for total As content certified for NIST 1568a rice flour. The total As concentrations in rice samples ranged from 0.073 to 0.665 mg kg-1 with a mean content of 0.278 mg kg-1. Three different types of rice grains had higher concentrations than the maximum tolerable level 0.30 mg kg-1 of total As imposed by ANVISA, FAO and WHO. The inorganic As determination procedure had detection limit ranged from 0.05 to 0.06 μg kg-1 and mean concentrations of 0.079 mg kg-1 for rice samples. All samples had inorganic As concentrations lower than the maximum tolerable limit 0.20 mg kg-1 imposed by FAO and WHO, except brown rice sample. The total and inorganic As concentrations higher than those allowed in legislations indicate the relevance of As monitoring in rice and the need to improve the Brazilian legislation which so far does not have a regulation for inorganic As.
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    Otimização descentralizada coordenada aliada a estratégias de controle plantwide para o controle de processos químicos
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-08)
    Cardoso, Anamaria de Oliveira
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    Kwong, Wu Hong
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2034426284174731
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3430563290105445
    Chemical plants are increasingly complex and integrated with recycle streams promoting energy integration and increasing process yield. This results in a complex dynamic behavior which can interfer in control systems design. Decentralized control systems are an alternative although this methodologie is not always e ective once that interactions between process units are not considered. In this work, decentralized coordinated optimization with severous methods of coordination is applied to a reactor- ash systems and Williams-Otto plant, getting satisfatory results for these chemical plants. Then, we develop a control system to complex chemical plants that are decomposed in subsystems, combine decentralized coordinated optimization with strategies of plantwide control theory to ensure that processes operate in conditions comply with global and local demands, minimizing the e ect of disturbances in the system and avoiding snowball e ect, characteristics of this type of systems since both methodologies consider the interconnections of the systems. The methodology is applied to design of control systems to Williams-Otto plant, because of complexity of its optimization problem and high f interaction between its process units. The result is a control systems of complex chemical plants with high performance and e ciency, with smooth actions in face of fast disturbances and minimizing their e ects along the plants. Futhermore, there is the importance of applying plantwide control theory in the proposed system, even if decentralized coordinate optimization is used that, alone, does not guarantee the performance and e ectiveness of the designed system.
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    Desenvolvimento de nanocompósitos híbridos de epóxi/NTCPM/cargas minerais e avaliação das propriedades mecânicas, elétricas e térmicas
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-11)
    Backes, Eduardo Henrique
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    Passador, Fabio Roberto
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0152213852695153
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    Pessan, Luiz Antonio
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
    In the present work epoxy/ MWCNT/ mineral fillers nanocomposites were obtained using ultrasonication and calendering. The effect of addition of mineral filler (calcium carbonate, montmorillonite and sepiolite) in electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/ MWCNT were analyzed. Two different CNT were studied, with different aspect ration and purity, however only Nanocyl CNT’s presented improvement in the nanocomposites electrical properties and for that reason was employed for hybrid epoxy/ MWCNT/ mineral nanocomposites production. The electrical percolation threshold was determined as 0.04 wt% and for 0.3 wt% the electrical conductivity reached 1.29X10-2 S/m. The addition of calcium carbonate and montmorillonite improved electrical conductivity for epoxy nanocomposites produced with 0.05 wt% CNT and the same behavior was observed for epoxy/ MWCNT / sepiolite nanocomposites at 0.1 wt% CNT. The epoxy/ MWCNT nanocomposite at 0.05% CNT when produzed via calendering presented improvement in the electrical conductivity compared to the same nanocomposite produced via ultrasonication. For epoxy/ MWCNT at 0.05 wt% of CNT, the addition of calcium carbonate in the nanocomposite led to an electrical conductivity 1 decade higher than the epoxy/ 0.05 wt% CNT nanocomposite produced via calendering. The mineral fillers also modified thermal and mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites, and improvements in flexural modulus, thermal stability and Tg were observed.
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    Desenvolvimento de biossensor baseado em microcantilever funcionalizado com biomoléculas para a detecção de alcoois de cadeia curta
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-11)
    Margarido, Alexandre
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    Araujo-Moreira, Fernando Manuel
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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    Herrmann Júnior, Paulo Sérgio de Paula
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3478230611350302
    This study presents the development of a biosensor using a microcantilever stem and its detecting response through dynamic mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Responses of different methods for immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme were investigated in order to accomplish a selective detection of ethanol, methanol and isopropanol, using as arrays: self-assembly monolayer (SAM) and others arrangements formed on Si and Si3N4 microcantilevers surface. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the influence of the biological element immobilization process in the analytical performance of the biosensor. The process to development of a biosensor began with the activation of its surface by means of thiols and silanes with different carbon length chains, however with the same amine terminal groups (NH2). The microcantilevers activation is only possible with the oxidation of its surface and to check this process, the "High-resolution Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)" technique was used. Activation of the surface was obtained using different methods for coating of microcantilevers made only with Si (100) and Si3N4. Subsequently to the oxidation process, the binding of the biomolecule to the surface activated was performed using the bifunctional agent glutaraldehyde. Microcantilevers with both sides coated by biomolecules were investigated and a tension effect of surface was observed at a 0,3 mL/L of the target analyte. By analyzing the performance of the biosensor for the determination of the target analyte, it was realized that APTES activation methodology for biosensors steam and self-assembled monolayers were the most suitable techniques for immobilizing the recognition biomolecule. With this preparation, the biosensor it showed less susceptible to humidity and the temperature variations, presenting a high quality factor, a faster response time, selectivity, sensitivity and durability.
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    Busca de biomarcadores como indicadores do mecanismo de defesa da laranja pera à infecção de CVC através de análise metabonômica
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-11)
    Cerqueira, Cristovam do Nascimento
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    Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2532575955727305
    This paper describes the search and identification of probable biomarkers related to defense mechanism triggered by the plants to the infection process of Xylella fastidiosa, bacterium that causes Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC), which is one of the most serious diseases that cause losses in the Brazilian citrus industry.For this purpose, it was evaluated by chemometric tools and analytical methods such as, UPLC-ESI-QTof the metabolic variation between seedlings developed by seed ofCitrus sinensis and C. limonia in the search and identification of biomarkers that could indicate the biochemical mechanism that would explain the resistance of C. limoniaagainst CVC.It was also analyzed seedilings, healthy and infected by X fastidiosa,of C. sinensisgraftedon C. limonia in the searching of biomarkers to attempt to associate them with the metabolic routes and provide a defense mechanism explanation these seedilings against the infection process. For this objective to be achieved it has been used online databases as was also set up a secondary metabolite database of Citrus genus with all the metabolites recorded in the literature, enabling better selection and easier identification of these biomarkers. The chemometric tools (PCA, HCA, S-plot) applied to the data obtained in studies of LC-MS, discriminating 47compounds, of which 35were putatively identified as being responsible for C. limonia resistance process against to the bacterial infection process, where proposes that the chemical aspects related to this characteristic is due to the high concentrations of coumarinsSeselin and Xanthyletin in the leaves that would prevent the initial bacterial adhesion process in xilematcs vessels as well as proposes the highest flavonoid concentrations that would play the role of bactericidal agent. In the analysis of healthy and infected grafts it was possible to discriminate 41 compounds, of which 30were putatively identified, where the analysis of metabolites aspects indicated that during the infectious process there is a high expression of the family genes polyketide synthase which is responsible for high production alkaloids acridonicos in the infected roots and stems as well as in infected leaves of flavonoids.It may be associated as a defense mechanism.
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    Gestão integrada de produtos químicos controlados pela Polícia federal, Polícia Civil e Exército
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-11)
    Munhoz, Eduardo Antonio Pires
    ;
    Marques, Silvio Cesar Moral
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047434055828372
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    Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
    Several companies use in their activities controlled products by the Federal Police, Civil Police and the Brazilian Army. Faced with this situation obey the laws of control applicable on similar situations may generate doubts and confusion, impacting negatively on the activities of companies. Therefore, we sought to analyze the theories of management and legal rules of controlled chemicals by regulatory bodies, comparing them to the experiences of some cases to verify the legal and administrative ability to manage the control of the three bodies in an integrated manner. This work it is a literature review associated with the empirical analysis of 06 (six) experienced cases in which there were legal noncompliance with legal consequences. When that was found to the survey, the use of an integrated management of controlled chemicals may prove instrument facilitator to meet the specific legislation of each governing body, as well as the legal requirements of ISO 14001, in addition to ensuring adequate environmental safety by control of chemicals and social security to companies and their stakeholders. Finally, as a result of this research was proposed an Administrative Protocol on the managerial patterns of a PDCA cycle that enables the integrated management of products controlled by the Federal Police, Civil and Army, linked with roadmap for implementation of the Protocol through check- lists.
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    A cidade educadora e o enfoque CTS : articulações possíveis a partir dos professores de ciências em formação
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-12)
    Fabrício, Tárcio Minto
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    Freitas, Denise de
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3330976062026878
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9023039058406704
    The Science, Technology and Society (STS) approach to Science Education and the Educating Cities conceptual framework share different aspects that allow their identification as progressive educational ideas. Aiming to understand which relationships future teachers establish with these educational approaches, we arrive at our research question: how do teachers in training understand the possibilities to teach and learn science considering both frameworks and their interactions? Faced with this question, our goal was to contribute to a deeper understanding about the perception of future educators regarding the use of the STS and Educating Cities approaches. Therefore, our specific objectives were to identify and characterize the spaces that are recognized by teachers in training as educational spaces, aiming to understand the meanings assigned to such spaces; identify the extent to which references to the STS and Educating Cities approaches occur with respect to their teaching practices, identifying conceptions of teaching and learning science presented by the future teachers, as well as meanings assigned to the use of cities as an educational possibility; observe to what extent the STS and Educating Cities approaches are seen as possibilities regarding their future teaching careers, as well as the obstacles they identify concerning these possibilities. Pursuing these objectives, we have analyzed textual documents produced by students engaged in the licenciate degree course of Biological Sciences at the Federal University of São Carlos who attended the discipline “Practices and Research in Biological Sciences Teaching III," offered in the second half of 2014, using discursive textual analysis. The results reveal lack of familiarity of most students in relation to these approaches and reinforce the need for a stronger incorporation of the STS and Educating Cities perspectives in curriculum guidelines both for Basic Education as for the universities themselves and the importance of adopting these perspectives in teacher education.
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    Geração de rótulo de privacidade por palavras-chaves e casamento de padrões
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-13)
    Pontes, Diego Roberto Gonçalves de
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    Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0774219282520030
    Users do not usually read privacy policies from online services. Among the main reasons for that is the fact that such policies are long and commonly hard to understand, which makes the user lose interest in reading them carefully. In this scenario, users are prone to agree to the policies terms without knowing what kind of data is being collected and why. This dissertation discusses how the policies' content may be presented in a more friendly way, showing information about data collection and usage in a table herein called Privacy Label. The Privacy Label is a table with lines named according to data collection terms and columns named according to expressions that reveal how the data is used by the service. The table content shows if the policy collects a particular data to a particular usage. To generate the Privacy Label, a study was made in a set of privacy policies to identify which terms repeat more often along the texts. To do so, we used techniques to find keywords, and from these keywords we were able to create privacy categories. The categories define which kind of data is being collected and why, which are represented by cells in the Privacy Label. Using word comparison techniques, a privacy policy can be analyzed and important information can be extracted by comparing its terms with the terms from the privacy categories. For each category we find, we show it in the Privacy Label. To assess the proposed approach we developed an application prototype, herein called PPMark, that analyzes a particular privacy policy, extract its keywords and generates the Privacy Label automatically. The information extracted was analyzed regarding its quality using three metrics: precision, recall and f-measure. The results show that the approach is a viable functional alternative to generate the Privacy Label and present privacy policies in a friendly manner. There are evidences of time saving by using our approach, which facilitates the process of decision making.
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    Crowdfunding no Brasil : um estudo sobre a plataforma Catarse
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-14)
    Aguiar, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães Vieira de
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    Sá Neto, Arthur Autran Franco de
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5055550097454248
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6156043859787876
    At the end of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century, with the advent of digital technologies, the proliferation of the Internet and the cheapening of audiovisual equipment, new options have emerged to produce, distribute and show films. Among these options, highlight the practice of crowdfunding, one of crowdsourcing models, as an alternative possibility of national film funding. Nevertheless crowdfunding still a recent practice and little known in the country, with many platforms being launched and also closed, and the vast majority of funded projects are especially concentrated in the southeast region. This thesis sought to discuss this scenario, taking as its starting point the authors Jeff Howe and Henry Jenkins, and also Brazilian academic research on crowdfunding published until August 2015. The study subjects were the online community Crowdfunding BR and Brazilian platform of crowdfunding Catarse, focusing on projects of this platform in the category named Film and Video. The result indicates datas able to expand the reader's understanding and stimulate critical view of this practice, based on the presentation of its origins, organization mode, propagation around the world and it insertion in Brazil, making possible the understanding of the current context and the potential not yet explored of crowdfunding in the country.
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    Estudo de filmes de poli(ácido lático) obtidos por fiação por sopro em solução reforçados com nanocristais de celulose
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-15)
    Parize, Delne Domingos da Silva
    ;
    Marconcini, José Manoel
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5373845785326215
    ;
    Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5839043594908917
    Solution blow spinning is a technique to produce micro- and nano-scale fibers, forming films with high porosity and surface area. Chemical modifications or the incorporation of nanostructures in these fibers can improve the performance of these films for various applications, such as membranes, tissue engineering and sensors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films obtained by solution blow spinning reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). First, different solvents were evaluated in order to determine the best processing conditions and the feasibility of using the solvent dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in the production of PLA films by solution blow spinning. Polymer concentration showed to be the most significant parameter affecting fiber diameter and DMC presented advantages over 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) and chloroform due its less toxicity, and therefore, is an alternative solvent with an affordable price, using a more environmentally-friendly process. Subsequently, the CNCs were extracted from bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis, which were chemically modified with maleic anhydride (CNCMA). Then, composite films of PLA/CNC and PLA/CNCMA were obtained by solution blow spinning and the results indicated that the addition of nanocrystals did not significantly affected fiber diameters, although the fiber diameters tended to decrease with the increase of the nanocrystals concentration. The results also indicated that the nanocrystals may have increased the degree of PLA polymer chains orientation and that the composite films presented a more hydrophilic behavior when compared to the pure PLA film. It suggests that some of the nanocrystals may be on the surface of the fibers, indicating that these composite films are promising for filter and adsorbents membranes application.
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    Produção de biocombustíveis a partir de glicose e manipueira
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-15)
    Chogi, Marianne Akemi Neroni
    ;
    Silva, Ariovaldo José da
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2240705120810231
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    Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254
    Biofuels are produced from clean alternative energy sources and one example is biobutanol, a fuel that can be produced by fermentation of different raw materials. The production of butanol is carried out by fermentative metabolism of solvent-producing microorganisms, with acetone and ethanol as major byproducts (ABE fermentation). This work aims to produce biobutanol using strains Clostridium beijerinckii (ATCC 10132) and Clostridium acetobulylicum (ATCC 824) and four different inoculum: ES - swine effluent digester located in the Água Branca Farm in the municipality of Itu; LR - UASB sludge of sewage treatment plant from the city of Porto Feliz; ES - cattle manure; SL - Soil from sugarcane cultivation in Sorocaba region. Glucose and cassava wastewater were used as substrate. The biobutanol production efficiency was evaluated for each strain and inoculum in fermentation batch reactors in which the sole substrate was glucose or cassava wastewater. Both strains produced biofuel, and C. beijerinckii (ATCC 10132) was more efficient yielding 0.33±0.08 g L -1 butanol and 1.65±0.23 g L -1 of ethanol from 30 g L -1 of glucose. When cassava wastewater was used as substrate (10 g L -1 of reducing sugar), the production of butanol was 0.64±0.1 g L -1 and ethanol was 2.47±0.07 g L-1 in comparison to 0.27±0.13 g L -1 butanol and 1.72±0.18 g L -1 of ethanol produced when C. beijerinckii were fed with glucose 10 g L -1 as control. Fermentation inocula produced only butyric acid with concentrations of 0.31±0.04 g L -1 for cattle manure and 0.12±0.013 g L -1 for swine effluent. As the cattle manure showed higher production of butyric acid, this culture was chosen for fermentation with cassava wastewater at COD 5 g L-1 . First of all the inoculum´s DNA was amplified with the pair of primers Sj-F and Sj-R specific for the genus Clostridium. With the confirmation of the clostridia presence, the fermentation with cassava wastewater at 5 g L -1 of COD was performed. This fermentation was compared with the strain C.beijerinckii growing in medium without enrichment and cattle manure with and without medium enrichment. C. beijerinckii biofuel production was 0.02 g L -1 of butanol and 0.69 g L-1 of ethanol after 12 h of fermentation, while cattle manure fermentation yielded 0.168 g L -1 of ethanol after 106 h in enriched medium and 0.026 g L-1 of ethanol in medium without enrichment after 12 h. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using cassava as a substrate for the production of biobutanol, ethanol and the possibility of producing biobutanol by cattle manure and swine effluent since butyric acid is an intermediary product of the pathway leading to butanol synthesis.
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    Participação dos receptores opióides mu e kappa da substância cinzenta periaquedutal na febre induzida por estresse de contenção
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-15)
    Silva, Caroline Cristina
    ;
    Bícego, Kênia Cardoso
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169967378071426
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6987381269659614
    The endogenous opioids are involved in analgesia, thermoregulation and physiological responses to various stressful stimuli such as infection, psychological stress and hypoxia. The mu and kappa receptors in the hypothalamus play a role in endotoxin-induced fever and hypoxia-induced anapyrexia (opposite response to fever), respectively. In addition, periaqueductal gray (PAG), which express both mu and kappa receptors, is involved in defence and thermoregulatory responses. Thus, our hypothesis is that mu and kappa opioid receptors in the PAG modulate the restraint-induced fever in rats by activating and inhibiting this response, respectively. To this end, body temperature (Tb) and heat loss index (HLI; inference for heat conservation/loss) and oxygen consumption (VO ; inference for thermogenesis) of unanesthetized Wistar rats submitted or not to restraint stress, was monitored before and after intra-PAG microinjection of the selective mu opioid receptor antagonist (CTAP; 1 and 10 μg/ 100 nL/ animal), the selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist (nor-BNI; 1 and 4 μg/ 100 nL/ animal), or vehicle (saline; 100nL/ animal). CTAP and nor-BNI did not change the Tb or the HLI of the animals in euthermia. During the restraint stress, Tb increased in all groups of animals. However, this effect was significantly lower in animals treated with CTAP, and significantly higher in animals treated with nor-BNI. No treatment affected HLI, but CTAP decreased thermogenesis and nor-BNI increased thermogenesis. The results indicate that the mu and kappa opioid receptors in the PAG of rats play a pyrogenic and antipyretic role, respectively, during fever induced by restraint stress and these receptors in PAG may not be essential for the maintenance of Tb during euthermia.
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    Reconhecimento da ligação dos anticorpos anti-HCV com proteínas recombinantes do vírus da hepatite C por meio do teste ELISA
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-15)
    Souza, Laís Cristina de
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    Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2916120654952183
    Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem worldwide and in Brazil. They are notifiable diseases and according to estimates, billions of people have had contact with the hepatitis and millions are chronic carriers. Infection with hepatitis C virus (VHC) is a major problem worldwide public health due to the high rate of progression to chronicity, the evolutionary potential for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, major complications leading to death. In general it can be said that in the last decade there have been major advances in the diagnosis of hepatitis C. In this period there was progressive improvement in sensitivity and specificity of the tests used to detect antibodies against the VHC virus. However, it is necessary that more accurate tests are developed. Thus, considering that the concern for the detection of hepatitis C increases every day, especially in blood banks; the diagnostic methods of this infection are of great clinical relevance and may be used as markers chronicity and indicative of therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, this work proposed to evaluate the connection and recognition of anti-VHC antibody positive and positive genotyped samples in patients with hepatitis C through the standardization of procedures and solutions used in qualitative ELISA. There was the process of awareness of microplates with recombinant chimeric protein, made the analysis of sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and validity of the method. We obtained from ELISA assays with standardized recombinant proteins a protocol able to have a good performance of the main components of the reaction, and antigens conjugated with good resolution. This study presented ELISA results valid 95.69%, 100% reproducibility, 94.5% sensitivity and specificity 99.3%, higher than the ELISA performed with multiepitopo protein MEHCV who presented with sensitivity (92.86%) and specificity (82.89%). The standard ELISA can be used as a qualitative serological technique aimed at detection of anti-VHC antibodies, as demonstrated with great reactivity in patients infected with VHC.