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Influência dos treinamentos aeróbico, resistido e combinado sobre as propriedades físicas e biomecânicas ósseas de ratos obesos com diabetes melittus tipo 2 experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12) Silva, Karina Ana da; Nonaka, Keico Okino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3531740978476365
Background: Obesity is a condition characterized by an excessive amount of fat and has been considered an important factor for T2DM (type II Diabetes Mellitus) development. The T2DM, a state of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, is often associated to an increased risk of bone fracture. Research question: investigate if three different physical exercise protocols could protect the bone tissue in obese rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type of study: Randomized controlled study Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats (45 days age ay beginning of the experiment) were used. The animals were randomly distributed into 2 groups: control rats fed with standard diet (n=40) and rats fed palatable hyperlipidic diet. After 4 weeks of treatment to induce diabetes, high-fat diet rats received, with previous fasting, a dose of Streptozotocin 35 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally. Control rats received, with previous fasting, a dose of citrate buffer solution (1ml/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were assigned to one of the ten groups (n=10 per group): non-diabetic sedentary (CSS); non-diabetic resistance training (TRS); nondiabetic aerobic training (TAS); non-diabetic combined training (TCS), Sedentary diabetic (CSD); resistance training diabetic (TRD); aerobic training diabetic (TAD); combined training diabetic (TCD). The training procedures were realized after induction of diabetes, during 10 weeks, 3 days/week. Results: Body mass of diabetic groups was lower when compared to those groups without diabetes, in spite of greater calories consumed. Diabetic groups showed lower bone mineral content values when compared non-diabetic group. The bone mineral density was lower in TRD group. The maximal load and stiffness in diabetic groups was lower than their respective groups without diabetes. Groups with experimental diabetes present lower valuer for MMP-2 activity compared non-diabetic groups. Diabetes seems to induce reduced bone quality and the resistance training demonstrated protect the bone from it. Conclusion: Experimental diabetes mellitus type 2 affects the biomechanical properties of femurs of Wistar rats and the resistance training improve such effects.
Efeitos da restrição alimentar sobre marcadores bioquímicos da remodelação óssea e sobre as propriedades biométricas, biofísicas, densitométricas, bioquímicas e biomecânicas de fêmures e vértebras de ratos de diferentes idades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12) Biffe, Bruna Gabriele; Nonaka, Keico Okino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6088273177621006
The food restriction promotes adaptive mechanisms that have beneficial effects on diseases and longevity. Also, bone is target of effects provided by the reduction of diet intake. However, there are controversies about the responses that this intervention can result on bone quantity and quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of food restriction 30% on bone parameters of femurs and vertebrae from rats of different ages. Male Rattus novegicus albinus rats, Holtzman lineage, aged 38 days, 4 and 16 months of age were used. The animals were divided into six groups (n=8-10 per group), three being control groups (C38, C4 and C16) and three groups on restricted diet (R38, R4 on R16). The control animals had free access to food and water. The restricted animals were submitted to food restriction of 30% being fed with 70% of the ad libitium consumption of the control group. The experimental period for all groups was 6 weeks. Analysis was performed in biochemical markers of formation (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (TRAP), and in parameters biometric (length, largest and smallest diameter of the femur, vertebral height), biophysical (wet, dry and immersed weight, and of ashes, bone volume, bone and mineral density, percentage of water, mineral and organic matter), biochemical (calcium and phosphorus content), densitometric (aDMO of the femur [all bone, proximal epiphysis, diaphysis and epiphysis distal] and the vertebra), biomechanical properties (maximum load, maximum load until fracture, displacement until fracture, femoral tenacity and stiffness; spinal maximum load, tenacity and stiffness), in addition to body mass and abdominal fat mass. The body mass and fat mass gain in restricted animals was lower than that of animals which had food ad libitium. The food restriction in animals with 38 days and 4 months of age presented decreased bone formation, while the ones with 16 months presented decreased bone resorption. Food restriction induced reduction of the biometric parameters, biophysical weights, femoral bone volume and calcium and phosphorous content in the restricted group aged 38 days. In addition, femoral length and calcium content were reduced in the restricted group aged 4 months. The restricted diet induced reduced areal density in femurs and femoral diaphyseal of 38 days rats, and increased aDMO of femoral epiphysis proximal from 16 months rats. The femoral biomechanical properties were not affected by the food restriction diet in any of the experimental groups. As regards the vertebral analysis, vertebral height, wet weight, immersed weight, bone volume and percentage of water were lower in the restricted group aged 38 days. Moreover, vertebral height was reduced in the restricted group aged 4 months. However, mineral density, percentage of mineral matter and maximum load were higher in the restricted group aged 38 days. The areal density, vertebral tenacity and stiffness were not altered by the food restriction. The food restriction diet resulted in damage to femoral bone development with remarkable loss in prepubertal rats, inconsistent alterations in young adult rats and potential benefits to bones of elderly rats. In addition, restriction had a positive influence on vertebral bone properties.
Agrupamento de sequências de miRNA utilizando aprendizado não-supervisionado baseado em grafos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12) Kasahara, Viviani Akemi; Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6384693865752033
Cluster analysis is the organization of a collection of patterns into clusters based on similarity which is determined by using properties of data. Clustering techniques can be useful in a variety of knowledge domains such as biotechnology, computer vision, document retrieval and many others. An interesting area of biology involves the concept of microRNAs (miRNAs) that are approximately 22 nucleotide-long non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in gene regulation. Clustering miRNA sequences can help to understand and explore sequences belonging to the same cluster that has similar biological functions. This research work investigates and explores seven unsupervised clustering algorithms based on graphs that can be divided into three categories: algorithm based on region of influence, algorithm based on minimum spanning tree and spectral algorithm. To assess the contribution of the proposed algorithms, data from miRNA families stored in the online miRBase database were used in the conducted experiments. The results of these experiments were presented, analysed and evaluated using clustering validation indexes as well as visual analysis.
O focus imaginarius : engano e conhecimento na crítica da razão pura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-12) Girotti, Marcio Tadeu; Santos, Paulo Roberto Licht dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681044854219924; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4385124589465909
Starting from Kant’s statement that there is an inherent transcendental illusion in the process of knowledge, we ask: how can an illusion have a positive role? It is possible to identify a paradox, that can be, considering Kant’s statement itself, overcome by a critique of reason and by a careful reading to the positive role of the transcendental idea to the empirical knowledge. By criticizing traditional metaphysics, in the same time that he shows how illusion can stop deceiving, even imperative, Kant guarantees a role to reason on knowledge sphere, engendering the way to nature’s unity desired by reason. Kant (KrV, B 673) states that focus imaginarius is an inseparable aspect of the transcendental idea and of its empirical knowledge regulator role. Considering the existence of a transcendental idea as a figurative unity projected as focus imaginarius, our goal is to show that the reason paradox can be overcome form focus imaginarius critical metaphor, as an entity of being, featured by Kant as an analogy to the transcendental idea, that takes part of knowledge game as reason’s deprecated unity, bringing forward the very reasons objects. As this investigations exemplary moment, is seen, through reason’s antinomies example, that reasons demands a systematic unity of all knowledge, by having the transcendental idea as this unity, featured from a projection: the focus imaginarius.