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Uma proposta lúdica com utilização do GeoGebra para o estudo de funções quadráticas e probabilidade geométrica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-17)
Canavezi, Leandro Souza
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5857439107072866
This paper reports the idealization, planning, construction and implementation of activities for the study of quadratic functions and geometric probability for classes of 9th grade of elementary school. It also presents the analysis of the activities undertaken by pupils and conclusions about the proposed objectives and goals achieved. The main objective of the developed activities is to provide students a better learning content covered and issues through a playful approach, interactive and motivating. The specific objectives are to develop the ability to translate a mathematical problem in mathematical language, manipulate algebraic expressions, estimates and comparisons, develop mathematical knowledge as knowing how to express and calculate the area and perimeter of plane figures, calculating probabilities of random events, solve quadratic equations, plotting graphs of quadratic functions and manipulate the software or the GeoGebra application. For this we have created a game of darts adapted and activity sheets containing instructions, questions, tables, graphs, calculation exercises, optimization problems and graphic constructions scripts applied to GeoGebra. The methodology used was the Didactic Engineering. The activities were implemented in two classes of 9th grade of elementary school in two different schools, one class at a school in the municipal school of Bauru, São Paulo, and another class of a school in the state school system the city of Agudos, state of São Paulo. During the application were used 12 50-minute lessons in two classes, with six days of double classes, in which students actively participated in all activities. Our work makes reference to the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN) and other documents governing the teaching of mathematics in public schools in Brazil. We recommend and authorize reproduction of these activities for didactic purposes.
Uma sequência didática com embalagens de pipoca para o estudo de semelhanças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-17)
Ibrahim Filho, Georges
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7306675819706612
This paper presents an educational sequence for the Geometry classes, which explores the concept of similarity, focusing on the variation of the similarity ratio between linear measurement, areas measurements and volume of some polyhedrons. The problematic situation in this case involves a comparison between the prices of different popcorn packaging sizes in Bauru ́s movie theaters and its area.
Uma sequência didática para o ensino de transformações geométricas com o GeoGebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-17)
Pimentel, Luiz Fernando Garcia
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6328628999461562
This actual study is an investigation about the importance of using computers and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the teaching of Mathematics. We believe in the thesis that ICT can contribute as an educational means for the improvement of teaching and learning situations, and consequently in solving problems such as school failure and school indiscipline. Therefore, we designed and applied a didactic sequence using the Geogebra for the development of Isometries topic in a class of 6th grade of elementary school. The didactic sequence was structured within the perspectives of Didactic Engineering and adopted a qualitative methodology. The results indicate that ICTs contribute significantly in the process of teaching and learning, but some external factors are still obstacles to the effective implementation of this resource in schools.
Resistência à fadiga de junta circunferencial de um tubo API 5L x 70 em contato com etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-19)
Giorgetti, Vinícius
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Sordi, Vitor Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4619431097303345
Circumferential field-welding joints of oil pipelines are susceptible to defects that may lead to failures when in operation. The type of product to be transported is an important factor in the evaluation of environment-induced cracking, especially of welded joints, where fatigue cracks may originate at points of high stress concentration. In Brazil, the construction of a long distance pipeline has been started in 2014, to transport sugarcane ethanol, which is currently widely mixed with motor fuels. In this work a circumferential joint of an API 5L X70 line pipe was evaluated by hardness, tensile and impact tests; the microstructure was observed by optical microscopy in the different regions of the welded joint and the fractured surfaces were analyzed by SEM. The material of the tube was classified according to API 5L specifications and the welded regions showed hardness distribution and microstructures in agreement with the literature. The fracture surface of the welding metal after tensile and impact tests indicated that the presence of welding discontinuities may affect strongly the fracture behavior, leading to embrittlement, especially under impact testing. The susceptibility of welded joints to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in a simulated fuel-grade ethanol (SFGE) environment was evaluated by slow strain rate (SSR) and fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests. The tests were designed to promote crack propagation through the heat-affected zone (HAZ) or through the weld metal (WM) of a circumferential weld on an API X70 steel pipe. The SSR tests in SFGE showed reduction of elongation to failure and mixed fracture, with clear signs of SCC in both the regions of the weld. The FCG tests demonstrated that the time-dependence of corrosion fatigue interactions may involve alternating periods of increasing and decreasing crack growth rates throughout the test. Acceleration of crack propagation due to SCC predominated in the WM and deceleration predominated in the HAZ.
Aplicação da metodologia FMEA na gestão de risco no planejamento estratégico da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-19)
Recchia, Wania Maria
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5279936861554716
This paper proposes a system to help the managers of a Federal University, aiming to identify and to monitor the risks that might appear during the creation of its Plan of Management and or Strategic Plan. For this, the concepts of risks and risks management are developed based on several methodologies used, mainly, in the private sector. Thus, an adaptation of those methodologies was performed in a public institution, which has many characteristics, such as: not seeking profit, vision of equity, multicriterial decision making, among others. In this scenery, a system based on the FMEA was developed to help managers during the process of elaboration of the Plans of management and of its details in the Strategic Plan. This action has the purpose to apply on a preliminary stage of reflection, the FMEA, which must occur in the planning moment, once it will reveal the risks of implementing the proposed actions. The results of the case study in the Strategic Planning pointed out that the actions are still in progress, after application of FMEA, were classified as moderate to high level, a fact that points to the need for treatment of the risks involving the action, with the purpose that the objectives were achieved within the planning period. Or even, it could happen a preliminary analysis of the action to scale their placement in PE with compliance just steps to involve other future periods efforts. However, the systematic application of the developed model should be adjusted to provide the best facility of use.
Um estudo das campanhas de Dilma Rousseff em 2010 e 2014 no HGPE da TV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-21)
Luchesi, Raquel Moretti
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Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5454776392672911
The preparation of an election campaign is developed to transmit matters that the mass media want to reach the public discussion. So, it is widely important to the electoral dispute because it is one of the elements responsible for making the approach candidate / voter and hence for the decision of his vote. With high coverage that television currently has in Brazil, it is possible to expose the candidate's message to a large number of voters especially with the Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral (HGPE) that allows all candidates an access to a free time on television to broadcast their campaign. The aim of this research is to make a parallel of Dilma Rousseff campaign, the candidate of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) for the presidency of the republic of Brazil in 2010 and 2014 elections and to analyze the lines of continuity and break between the campaigns in both elections, taken the differences between political moments lived through the candidate in both years. This analysis will be done through the study HGPE broadcast on television.
Cobertura florestal ou função ecológica: o dilema da restauração na bacia do Rio Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-21)
Fernandes, Gerson Eli
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1584529288982418
The study aimed to evaluate restored areas implemented in the basin of the Sorocaba River and Middle Tiete based on terms of commitments to environmental restoration and conduct adjustment terms. We selected two to three projects in each sub-basin to those with the presence of restoration, certified by the consent of the owner. In each restoration, we evaluated attributes of species diversity and functions, control and management, soil protection and nutrient cycling. The restored areas restoration presented 17 ± 10 species, under the condition established by law, mortality was high, around 40% with an average of 1090 individuals/ha. Croton floribundus, Schinus terebinthifolius, Guazuma ulmifolia, Inga vera, Citharexylum myrianthum, Cordia sellowiana represented 31.7% of species planted and together with Enterolobium contortisiliquum, colubrina Anadenanthera, C. urucurana, Ceiba speciosa, Eugenia uniflora, Lithraea molleoides, Psidium guajava, Triplaris americana, Erythrina speciosa represented 52.8% of the planted individuals. The restoration were in critical situation and, although species richness is according to legal requirements, we observed the concentration on few common and frequent species in general pioneers. Regardless of age, the studied areas did not restore the structural and physical aspects of the forest, and were not efficient in the establishment of ecological processes, highlighting the need to review the procedures adopted in the legal and technical mechanisms of restoration in the region.
Um estudo sobre políticas e subsídios para a identidade hispânica em Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-21)
Sakurai, Marcia Ohata
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Lana, Rita de Cássia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5812498862263633
Search of a record of cultural material and immaterial manifestations of the hispanic community in Sorocaba, its influence, identity, memory and cultural heritage and its transformations since its origin. Through this mapping condense and document - by bibliography, images and participatory observation - the cultural elements of the community, allowing propose and analyze necessary actions for its preservation. The participatory observation methodology was chosen in order to grant depth quality for the collected data. A preliminary mapping framework of these manifestations presented a lack of support from the government and its own community in actions aimed to enrich these assets and support culture.
Investigação da corrosão do aço carbono AISI 1020 em soluções de NaCl utilizando microscopia óptica in situ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-23)
Santos, Rapher Donizete Moreira
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1113005994646562
According to recent information from the World Corrosion Organization, annually, approximately 2.2 trillion of global GDP is spent on corrosion-related damage. These expenses are almost the GDP of the seventh world economy in 2015, India. Corrosion-related problems occur in different materials and in various industrial sectors such as automobile, shipbuilding, petrochemical, oil companies. One important source of corrosion in the industry is presence of chloride in aqueous solutions. This work presents a study of the corrosion of carbon steel AISI 1020 in aqueous NaCl solution from 0.1 and 0.25 mol/L at temperatures of 25° and 45° C. The steel corrosion was investigated using open circuit potential measurements (Eoc), and polarization curves (PC) coupled to optical microscopy in situ. Thus, the influence of these two factors was evaluated by the interpretation of the effects using a factorial design. From the images of the temporal series obtained by optical microscopy in situ carried during the polarization curves, it was possible to analyze the behavior and characteristics of the corrosion process, such as the average corrosion potential, corrosion rate, eroded fraction, and quantifying the maximum diameter of the pits. Through the obtained results, it is possible to observe the direct influence of concentration and temperature of the corrosion process in the carbon steel AISI 1020, with the increase in the amount of corroded pits and the eroded fraction. It is possible to observe that the corrosion process starts by individual pits, which is converted to mass propagated pits known as pit colony. The development of individual pits was relatively fast, with less than 200 seconds and a maximum diameter up to 600 μm containing area of around 2 x 10^5 μm^2.
Exergia e serviços ecossistêmicos de duas bacias hidrográficas do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-23)
Periotto, Natalia Andricioli
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Tundisi, José Galizia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1566592373309531
Eco-exergy is an innovative approach to evaluate ecosystem services, since it encompasses all possible ecosystem functions and processes in a single estimate. In this study, eco-exergy values of wetlands and native vegetation areas of Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira Watersheds were estimated. The obtained values (average of 3,389 GJ.ha.ano-1, wetlands; average of 5,810 GJ.ha.ano- 1, native vegetation) are consistent with reference values showed by Jørgensen [Jørgensen, S.E. 2010. Ecosystem services, sustainability and thermodynamic indicators. Ecological Complexity, vol. 7, p. 311-313]. From a perspective of the ecoexergy concept, management practices of native vegetation and wetlands in both watersheds should consider not only quantity of vegetation conserved or restored, but also biodiversity of vegetation species. Consequently, multiple ecosystems services would be guaranteed for human well-being and for selfregulation of these ecosystems.
Efeito de rochagem, vinhaça e plantas de cobertura no desenvolvimento do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e em atributos químicos do solo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-26)
Souza, Maicon Douglas Bispo de
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
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Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468
The Brazilian territory is constituted mostly by nutrient-poor soils. To keep the Brazilian agricultural activity is necessary to import and apply high amounts of fertilizers, which tends to aggravate the imbalance in the trade balance. Thus, rocks containing reasonable amounts of nutrients may be an alternative to supply the essential elements for agricultural use. But this practice has limitations, including the slow solubilization of the minerals present in the rock, which limits the release of nutrient amounts required by plants, especially the short cycle. The study aimed to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of an Oxisol, in which the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) occurred in succession to cover crops and the application of vinasse and remineralizer (basalt powder). The essay was conducted in a greenhouse and the experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial scheme 4x4x2, with three replications, and sampling in four times (0, 45, 90 and 110 days). Four doses of basalt powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 t ha-1) and two doses of vinasse (0 m3 ha- 1 and 200 m3 ha-1) were applied and four types of coverage were adopted: fallow (control), crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.), millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) and brachiaria (Urocloa cv. ruziziensis Germain & Evrard). The variables evaluated were: the plant height (h), dry mass, chlorophyll relative index Falker (ICF), specific leaf area (IAF), levels of macronutrients (N, P, Ca, Mg and S total) on the leaves of the bean, and soil organic matter (MOS) content, pH in CaCl2, potential acidity (H+Al), sum of bases (SB), cation exchange capacity (CTC), bases saturation (V) and P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of the soil. The association of vinasse and rates of remineralizer increased thebiometric parameters. The combination of rates of remineralizer and cover plants promoted differences in foliar macronutrient levels, with satisfactory levels of sufficiency to the bean, in the stage assessed. The application of vinasse provided lower rates of macronutrients accumulation in common beanin relation to treatments without vinasse. The use of remineralizer showed low response in chemical soil attributes, with values of pH, V and CTC lower than the initial ones. Cover crops showed no significant effect on pH and V, with a small decrease in H+Al, mainly in the braquiaria. The application of vinasse provided significant increases in chemical attributes V, pH and decreased H+Al. The pH values increased until 45 days of incubation (DAI), but with bean cultivation they decreased and were close to its initial values. On the other hand, the H+Al decreases until the bean planting, but tended to initial values after 45 DAI. The bean cultivation also decreased V. Interactions showed little effect of the associations on the evaluated variables, but the association of remineralizer with vinasse stood out for its effect on the variables pH, H + Al and V. The vinasse application was the most influential factor on the macronutrientes of the soil, presenting lower concentrations of these in the soil when applied, except for K. It is concluded that the use of cover plants with the application of remineralizer is little advantageous to increase the solubilization of nutrients contained in the remineralizer, although the amount absorbed by the cover plants has not been evaluated.
Interface cérebro-computador para detectar sonolência usando a abordagem de aprendizagem baseada em instâncias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-26)
Jalilifard, Amir
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Pizzolato, Ednaldo Brigante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2821982735490884
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4901451793354227
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a way to establish a communication between brain and computers. It allows the users to control a computer system and even an environment without moving a muscle or it allows the computer to record and analyze the user’s neuropsychological brain activities. Clearly, the range of BCI applications has increased in the past decade due to the use of modern machine learning and signal processing methods. Among various applications of BCI, lately, the use of EEG records for driver safety has been considered by some researchers. Drowsy driving is a major cause of many traffic accidents. The aim of this work is to develop an automatic drowsiness detection system using an efficient k-nearest neighbors (K-NN) algorithm. First, the distribution of power in time-frequency space was obtained using short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and then, the mean value of power during time-segments of 0.5 second was calculated for each EEG sub-band. In addition, standard deviation (SD) and Shanon entropy related to each time-segment were computed from time-domain. Finally, 52 features were extracted. Random forest algorithm was applied over the extracted data, aiming to choose the most informative subset of features. A total of 11 features were selected in order to classify drowsiness and alertness. The Kd-tree algorithm was used as the nearest neighbors search algorithm so as to have a fast classifier. Our experimental results show that drowsiness can be classified efficiently with 91% accuracy using the methods and materials proposed in this paper. We also compared the classification results obtained by K-NN (as an instance-based learning algorithm) with four well-known classifiers including decision tree, support vector machine, logistic regression and Naive Bayes.
Aprendizagem de posturas em equoterapia por crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-26)
Barbosa, Gardenia de Oliveira
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Munster, Mey de Abreu Van
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7861049737421476
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6901706212084983
The autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by inadequacies in social interaction, communication skills, learning and adaptability. The person with ASD should be exposed to conditions that stimulate its maximum development in order to promote the learning process in different contexts. In this sense, the hippotherapy can be an effective strategy in the child development process with ASD, since it favors different sensory systems. However, in order the learning process to become efficient, it is necessary to employ compensatory teaching strategies that provide access to information in order to provide effective opportunity to participate in the activity. The study aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of aid levels in the posture learning process in hippotherapy for children with ASD. As for the method, this study was single-subject design, type AB with replicas of designs with single subject; three children with ASD aged between four and nine years had participated in the study. Participants underwent hippotherapy intervention lasting four months, twice a week, corresponding to 31 individual sessions of hippotherapy. As data collection instrument was made anamnesis with the parents or guardians, the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities, field diary and checklist. The checklist was based on 10 postures namely, mount, prone, side mount, inverted mount, inverted prone, standing in the stirrups, four supports, inverted four supports, kneeling and reversed kneeling. The data analysis on the progress of each participant was descriptive. Regarding the results, it was observed that all participants were able to perform the postures with verbal assistance at the late intervention, and the learning process mediated by the visualverbal, physical and verbal aids. The latter was predominant. We conclude that the aid was effective overall, once all participants have evolved compared to the baseline, they also respond more effectively to physical and verbal assistance to later the verbal one. Moreover, learning is favored by the association of various aids, as different sensory inputs were benefited; therefore, there is no universally more efficient method; each child has a peculiar way of relating to the world and hence to the learning processes.
Etanol e suas associações : efeitos comportamentais e cardiovasculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-26)
Engi, Sheila Antonagi
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Crestani, Carlos Cesar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1117432571971568
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Planeta, Cleopatra da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2514762545280942
Alcohol abuse is a worldwide problem with concomitant medical, social and economic costs. In Brazil, epidemiological data show an increase in the abuse of illicit and licit drugs, such as ethanol and steroids. Studies indicate that physical exercise influences ethanol consumption and preference and is positively correlated with steroids abuse. Despite many evidences, there is no study about the association between ethanol consumption, physical exercise and steroids abuse. In the present study, we investigated 1) the effects of physical exercise associated to testosterone treatment in ethanol intermittent access drinking; 2) consequences of the association between physical exercise, ethanol intermittent access and chronic testosterone treatment upon the cardiovascular system of rats. Many studies suggest that the mTORC1- mammalian target of rapamycin complex participates in the mechanisms related to ethanol abuse. In this way, we investigated the mTORC1 role in the ethanol intermittent access consumption maintenance. Our results showed that a) physical exercise improved treadmill performance in rats and did not change ethanol consumption; b) ethanol voluntary consumption was not affected either by physical exercise or by testosterone treatment; c) ethanol voluntary intermittent access did not change basal arterial pressure and heart rate; d) testosterone treatment caused rest bradycardia; e) ethanol consumption and testosterone treatment altered vascular reactivity to vasoactive agents, that was also altered by physical exercise. These results show the first evidence of ethanol intermittent access and testosterone treatment on cardiovascular functions in trained rats. Our results also suggest that the downstream mTORC1 pathway is related to excessive and abusive ethanol consumption.
Models for inflated data applied to credit risk analysis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-27)
Oliveira Júnior, Mauro Ribeiro de
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6557207621229352
In this thesis, we introduce a methodology based on zero-inflated survival data for the purposes of dealing with propensity to default (credit risk) in bank loan portfolios. Our approach enables us to accommodate three different types of borrowers: (i) individual with event at the starting time, i.e., default on a loan at the beginning; (ii) non-susceptible for the event of default, or (iii) susceptible for the event. The information from borrowers in a given portfolio is exploited through the joint modeling of their survival time, with a multinomial logistic link for the three classes. An advantage of our approach is to accommodate zero-inflated times, which is not possible in the standard cure rate model introduced by Berkson & Gage (1952). The new model proposed is called zero-inflated cure rate model. We also extend the promotion cure rate model studied in Yakovlev & Tsodikov (1996) and Chen et al. (1999), by incorporating excess of zeros in the modelling. Despite allowing to relate covariates to the fraction of cure, the current approach does not enable to relate covariates to the fraction of zeros. The new model proposed is called zero-inflated promotion cure rate model. The second part of this thesis aims at proposing a regression version of the inflated mixture model presented by Calabrese (2014) to deal with multimodality in loss given default data. The novel methodology is applied in four retail portfolios of a large Brazilian commercial bank.
Modelos série de potência com excesso de zeros observáveis e latentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-28)
Zavaleta, Katherine Elizabeth Coaguila
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Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
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Cancho, Vicente Garibay
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503233632044163
The present work's main objective is to study the significance of zeros in an observable and latent data. In observable data set that occur excess of zeros, its common to have sobredispersion. In this sense, the models zero-inflated power series (ZISP) were proposed to accommodate these excesses. Specifically for the analysis of observed data, it was made a study of gradient statistic, proposed by Terrell (2002), to test the hypotheses in relation to inflation parameter ZISP models. This test is based on evaluation of the performance of gradient statistic compared with the classical likelihood ratio (Wilks, 1938), score (Rao, 1948) and Wald (Wald, 1943) statistics. In addition, recently, fragility has being modeled by discrete distributions using non-negative integers values that allows zero fragility, which means, individuals who do not present the event of interest (fraction of zero risk). For this type of latent data, we have proposed a new survival model induced by discrete frailty with ZISP distribution. This proposal brings a real description of individuals without risk, because individuals cured due to genetic factors (immune) are modeled by fraction of deterministic zero risk, while the cured by treatment are modeled by fraction of random zero risk. In this context, we also developed the gradient statistic to verify parameter significance of zero risk for data modeled by fraction of deterministic zero risk. To show our proposals, we present the results of simulation studies and applications using real data.
Parâmetros seminais e extração de RNA espermático de mico-leão-de-cara-dourada (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-29)
Bacher, Patrícia Hergert
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Valle, Rodrigo Del Rio do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879780464444096
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Peripato, Andréa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0657713343451089
The Golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an endemic primate from Atlantic Forest threatened with extinction. Amongst the conservational efforts addressed towards the species is the use of reproductive biotechnologies as a strategy of genetic resources preservation and assurance of captive and natural population´s viability. The success of the reproductive biotechnologies still depends on the detailed knowledge despite the reproductive aspects, the investigation of factors that may influence the reproductive success and the establishment of specific-species protocols. The cryopreservation of semen is the most widely used approach for wild species. However, one major challenge associated to the appliance of neotropical primate´s samples consists in the formation of seminal clots, which invalidates the use of great quantity of gamete in most reproductive procedures. The golden-headed lion tamarin has become a promising model among threatened neotropical primates and aiming to contribute with the development of reproductive technologies, this essay had the objective of initiate investigations concerning the molecular and seminal factor which may have an effect on the reproductive potential of sexually mature males of Leontopithecus chrysomelas. Therefore, the animals kept at the Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, were divided into two groups, “Old” (mean age 11,6 years; n=6) and “Young” (mean age 4,8 years, n=6) to execute the semen collection and evaluation of the seminal parameters (concentration, motility, plasmatic and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial cytochemical activity and morphology). The analysis of seminal parameters pointed out significant differences between the older and younger subjects despite the plasmatic membrane integrity (p=0,049), acrosome integrity (p=0,009) and for Class IV mitochondrial activity (p=0,026). The regression analysis showed that the age, as well as the weight of the individuals, have a negative influence over the quality of these parameters. Therefore, aiming to contribute with the development of new reproductive techniques and to improve the spermatic viability, a protocol of sperm selection by Percoll discontinuous gradient was tested. However, even though efficient for gamete isolation from other seminal component, the protocol did not show significant improvement of the parameters, reevaluated after selection, suggesting needing of methodological adequation for and effective application in Leontopithecus chrysomelas. To start investigating the gamete´s epigenetic role in male reproductive success, this essay established a sperm RNA isolation protocol, highlighting the use of seminal clot, a rich source of genetic material, which is usually thrown away after processing. The samples of each individual were condensed in two pools, one referring the clot and other to the liquid fraction. Adaptations for the somatic cellular lyse allowed obtainment of similar profiles between the two portions of the ejaculate. The qualitative profiles for sperm RNA of Leontopithecus chrysomelas indicates low concentration of molecules bigger than RNA, being represented, basically, by little and degraded transcripts due to silencing of gene expression in spermatozoa. The spermatic transcripts have been assigned as the determinant function in reproduction, enrolled with the regulation of female gamete activation and gene expression at the beginning of the embryo development. Furthermore, is has been proposed that the quantity of RNA present in gametes be used as a non-invasive tool for deducing male fertility, since these transcripts reflect on events that occur during cellular differentiation.
Desenvolvimento de materiais para a detecção e degradação do bisfenol A e seus intermediários de reação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-29)
Goulart, Lorena Athie
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5135184611261934
In this study, tungsten oxide and copper composites were developed for making applied anodes in fotoelectrolysis of bisphenol A (BPA) and electrochemical sensors composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal nanoparticles (NPM) for the detection of BPA and its reaction intermediates such as hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC) and phenol (Phe). The sensors were obtained by casting method on a glassy carbon surface and the quantitation of molecules of interest was carried out by pulsed techniques using the standard addition method. Different methods of functionalization, and the influence of CNTs sizes were investigated for the determination of BPA. CNTs samples with 20-170 nm in diameter were functionalized in HNO3 solution 5.0 mol L-1 solution and sulfonitric (3H2SO4: 1HNO3). The size and functionalization directly affect the oxidation of BPA and smaller diameter CNTs with improved sensitivity and showed the low limit of detection (LOD) of 8.4 × 10-8 mol L-1. The simultaneous determination of HQ, CC, and BPA was made with CNTs sensor modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO/MWCNT/GCE). The deposition of NiO was made by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and were evaluated the concentration of the nickel solution and the number of cycles. The best results were obtained when NiO was deposited in a solution of 8.0 mmol L-1 Ni(NO3)2 and 40 cycles. The analytical curves showed an excellent linear response and the LODs for the simultaneous determination of BPA, HQ and CC were 2.8 × 10-8 mol L-1, 2.7 × 10-8 mol L-1 and 5.9 × 10-8 mol L-1, respectively. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were also incorporated in the films of MWCNT/GCE by CV. The AgNPs/MWCNT/GCE sensor showed good stability and reproducibility and has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of HQ, CC, BPA and Phe in tap water samples. Morphological characterization of the developed sensor was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical characterization was made by CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Tungsten oxide films doped with copper (WO3-Cu) obtained by the modified sol-gel method were used in the studies photoelectrolysis BPA. The doping with Cu increased six fold the value of the photocurrent density of the material compared to the WO3. The characterization of the synthesized anode was made by techniques of X-ray diffraction, SEM and energy dispersive microanalysis (EDX). The monitoring of the decay of the concentration of BPA and the formation of intermediates generated during the photoelectrolysis was made by electrochemical sensors based on CNTs/NiO and UV-Vis absorption. The results of the total organic carbon content showed 75% of BPA was degraded and it was found that it is possible to monitor the BPA of degradation process and the formation of reaction intermediates using sensors developed in this work.
Modelagem matemática da interação populacional entre Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) e o parasitoide Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-29)
Rodero, Donavan Peres
;
Colato, Alexandre
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5460973924624757
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3358457036811370
The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, is one of the major pests in Brazil causing great damage to the crop. Studies estimate that, for each 1% of sugarcane borer infestation, the yield losses will be 1.14%, the reduction in sugar content and ethanol production 0.42% and 0.21%, respectively. Thus, for Brazil meet the growing demand for sugar and ethanol is of paramount importance to enhance the management programs of this pest. For this, new techniques and tools such as mathematical modeling arise to assist producers. The present study aims to describe the interaction between population Diatraea saccharalis and one of its natural enemies, the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes, through mathematical modeling and computer simulation. The Biology and interaction between the two insects were characterized by literature, allowing the development of the model of the predator-prey differential equations (Lotka-Volterra), which was validated by computer simulation. The equilibrium situations and scenarios were influenced by the model coefficients, as well as the variables considered in computer simulation altered the dynamics of interaction, indicating the importance of adjustment for variables for the particular producer's situation. This study allowed a greater knowledge of the interaction between population D. saccharalis and C. flavipes, contributing by simulating scenarios for the definition of pest control strategies in the sugarcane fields.
Análise da dinâmica do programa de aquisição de alimentos no município de Mirante do Paranapanema/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-29)
Pereira, Elizabeth Lima
;
Barone, Luís Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7387083975795268
;
Montebello, Adriana Estela Sanjuan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4326971138357942
The National Program for the Strengthening of Family Agriculture (PRONAF) emerges as a tool to build a new model of rural development in the country, whose main mission is to combat the inequalities that have traditionally marked the state policies aimed at stimulating a change in the technical basis of agriculture. That his institution marks the recognition of family farmers as a social category and opens the way for the implementation of a series of public policies aimed at attending to the world of family agriculture. Among these, the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) was created in 2003 with the purpose of promoting food and nutritional security, linked to the strengthening of family farming. The purpose of this research was to analyze PRONAF, in the period 1999-2012, regarding the distribution and coverage of resources and also to analyze the PAA, in the period of 2011-2014, in the region of Pontal do Paranapanema / SP, with emphasis in the municipality of Lookout. In addition to bibliographical and documentary research, the work used data from the Central Bank of Brazil in the case of PRONAF and the SAGI Platform in the PAA case. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers' organizations, and members of municipal PAA management, as well as application form with farmers providing food in the program. It was verified that, the resources of the PRONAF are strongly significant in few municipalities, highlighting concentration of resources. In the case of the PAA, it has been found that it has contributed to farmers' activities in agriculture, not just in livestock activities, but also before the program. It also influences better feeding of the farmers involved, as well as the families that receive the food purchased by the PAA in the municipality. A sensitive alteration of the productive matrix was observed. The program also made possible, even in a timely manner, investments in productive activities