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Um framework para apoiar o desenvolvimento de aplicações on-line acessíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-21)
Mahmud, Pablo Bizzi
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Beder, Delano Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5845245549777383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9470649292364278
Through the increase of services that are now available online and with the diversity of the public that uses these services, the web begins to gain prominence as a mechanism capable of breaking down barriers and integrating users, connecting people of the most different economic classes and people with or without disabilities. With that in mind, we must rethink systems’ development guidelines so that they can be accessed by as many people as possible and reach the universal web. Helping developers make and provide accessible online applications, this work aims to develop a framework that serves as a basis for development, regardless of their skill of knowledge. Considering the current existence of organizations that standardize the development of accessible applications for people with disabilities, this work aims to cover all these recommendations in a tool to abstract all the programmer’s work review, creating accessible applications with minimal effort. In addition, this work presents the collection and validation of existing guidelines regarding the development of accessible applications in the web platform and their respective applications in the framework, as currently available guidelines are comprehensive in the development of accessible games. The tool, called ARIA-ACCESS, attests in its case study that it is easy to handle, even for beginner developers, and it presents a productivity gain regarding the development time, a result of the automatic generation of WAI-ARIA code.
Economia do desejo e desejo de economia : retroalimentação e troca em coletivos da rede Fora do Eixo no interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-21)
Mazzer, Fernando Lopes
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Vianna, Anna Catarina Morawska
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245801371286766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0022760598162420
This research discusses data that was collected at a ethnography in cultural collectives of the Fora do Eixo network situated in cities of the heartland of São Paulo. These collectives are called Fuligem (city of Ribeirão Preto), CECAC (Serrana) and Usiarte (Sertãozinho). The main objective of the research is to describe and to point reflections about the economic dimensions that are brought about by the relations of these collectives between themselves and with agentes who does not belong to the Fora do Eixo network. These agents are know as partners and contributors. For the description of these practices considered as economics, is essential the analysis of a native concept know as collaborative economy. This concept is elaborated and operated by these collectives with different intensities, shades and reaches. On the one hand, I describe how the codes that refer to the collaborative economy are operated and stimulated by the exchanges between the collectives, and on the other hand, I expose how the are theorized in the network instance. I seek to do this with the data collected in reunions, meetings and congresses of collectives that are part of Fora do Eixo network. In this way, the research chooses to ethnographically describe the collectives working as resonance centers of related codes of collaborative economy. These codes are propagated and operated by the collectives throught the so-called tolls and simulacra. Based on the analysis of a simulacra called Fora do Eixo Bank and the tolls called collective house, the collective register and a own currency of Fora do Eixo called card, the research seeks to investigate how the collaborative economy is propagated and operated by the collectives.
Formas plurais de governança das transações de suprimento de cana-de-açúcar : estudo de casos polares em quatro unidades da agroindústria canavieira paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-21)
Cano, Antonio
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8038939493916613
The main goal of this thesis is to investigate which factors lead the agents that define the governance structures of the transactions of sugarcane supply opt for the plural of governance arrangements in producing units of the sugarcane agroindustry of the São Paulo state. The study of plural forms is the subject of several studies, conducted by researchers from the field of Organizational Economics, from the perspective of various theoretical currents, without, however, a consolidated and comprehensive framework that explains the reason for his emergency. The theoretical clipping used is of the New Institutional Economics and the Discriminant Efficient Alignment hypothesis, developed by Williamson (1985; 1991), for who economic agent, bounded by limited rationality and by other environment variables, given transaction attributes, searches to choose the most efficient structure, that minimize the costs of governance. Under such perspective, the simultaneous employment of more than one structure to govern the identical transactions would result in a sub-optimal choice, not justifying. In the sugarcane agroindustry, are used different arrangements to govern the transactions of supply of sugar cane, from those based on hierarchy in which result in some level of vertical integration, even those based on spot negotiations, contracts, contractual arrangements, or hybrid. The literature indicates the simultaneous employment of more than one structure, making the sector a promising object of study of plural forms. The research is defined as basic, exploratory and qualitative approach; the technical procedure chosen was the study of polar cases being applied four interviews with pre-defined script for its realization. In order to identify conflicting situations and increase the explanatory power of the study, were selected three polarity criteria: installed capacity; regional dynamics and type of organization. The methodological procedures are described in the specific section, right after the introduction. Later, in Chapter 1, is made a theoretical review on the chance of discriminating and efficient alignment on the plural forms. The second chapter deals with the evolution of the institutional and economic environment in the industry, as well as governance mechanisms used. Finally, the third chapter describes the cases studied and contains an analysis of the information collected. The results indicate that the use of the plural governance arrangements of the sugarcane supply transactions is predominant in the sugarcane agroindustry of São Paulo and it is a stable strategy, without perspective that is overridden by the use of natural forms. In the decision-making process on the governance structures, the agents do not measure the transaction costs of each alternative and even regard them as consciously, being, however, considered to be the attributes of the transaction, notably the high specificity of the assets, which exists on the dimensions, physical and temporal locational. There are several grounds identified in the units used for the use of plural arrangements, with emphasis on the existence of path dependence in relation to past governance decisions; need for adaptation to the borrowers ' profile of the existing governance in a certain territory; synergistic gains resulting from the combination of structures and; limitation of the firm's resources. The limitation of resources assumes a decisive role if considered that the agents present preference for fully verticalized structures, but are prevented from exercising it fully in the light of the limited resources available. The end was proposed a model adapted from the efficient alignment discriminant, which intends to add to the existing explanations for the emergence of plural forms.
Degradação eletroquímica e fotoquímica em série do herbicida picloram utilizando um anodo dimensionalmente estável e luz UV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-21)
Coledam, Douglas Augusto Constantino
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Aquino, José Mario de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8847710280926769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2501689805626882
A coupled electrochemical-photochemical system (EQ-FQ) using a dimensionally stable anode (ADE) and UV light was used for the oxidation and mineralization of picloram (PCL) herbicide, which is a potential contaminant of surface water and groundwater. The electrochemical process was conducted using a filter-press flow cell and the photochemical one through direct irradiation of the solution in the reservoir using a Hg lamp (UVA and UVC radiation). For the combined system (EQ-FQ), both processes were simultaneously used. In the first part of this work, the investigated variables were: i) type/nominal power of the Hg lamp (UVA 9 W and UVC 5 and 9 W) and ii) initial [Fe2+] (0.0; 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mmol L-1). In the second part, which was carried out using a 5 W UVC light, the investigated variables were: i) pH (3, 7, 11 and without control) and ii) [NaCl] (0, 1, 2 and 4 g L-1). Other parameters were kept constant such as, flow rate (420 L h-1), temperature (25 °C), current density (20 mA cm-2), [PCL] (100 mg L-1) and [Na2SO4] (0.1 mol L-1). In the optimized conditions of the second part (5 W UVC lamp, without pH control, and using NaCl 1,0 g L_1), a electrochemical treatment was carried out comparatively and using a boron-doped diamond anode (EQ-DDB). High performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and total organic carbon measurements were used to monitor the [PCL] and of its intermediates, as well as the degree of mineralization (CO2 conversion), respectively. The EQ-FQ system using a 9 W UVA light exhibited a synergistic effect during PCL mineralization in comparison to its oxidation. High CO2 conversion rates were attained when using an initial concentration of Fe2+ equal to 1,0 mmol L-1, due to the formation of HO* and Cl* radicals. This might be due to HOCl homolysis mediated by Fe2+ ions (Fenton like reaction). Nevertheless, experiments using a UVC light were more promising for the oxidation and mineralization of PCL. In the second part, acidic to neutral solutions, independently of the NaCl amount, led to high PCL oxidation and mineralization rates. That behavior is due to the chemical oxidation mediated by HO* and Cl* radicals, which were photogenerated by the HOCl homolysis. The EQ-FQ system showed comparable efficiencies, in some conditions superior, concerning the oxidation and mineralization of PCL, degree of conversion to CO2, and mineralization current efficiency in comparison to the EQ-DDB process. Few reaction byproducts were detected and only one of them resulting from hydroxylation reactions. This result indicates the attack of HO* radicals originating from the EQ-FQ process. Concerning short chain carboxylic acids, the EQ-FQ process produced dichloroacetic acid (and others), which was almost completely consumed during treatment; however, the EQ-DDB process produced small amounts of chloroacetic acid, which was not completely eliminated during treatment. Finally, the treated solution using the EQ-FQ process exhibited no toxicity towards Escherichia Coli bacteria.
Ansiedade à matemática : evidências de validade de ferramentas de avaliação e intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-21)
Mendes, Alessandra Campanini
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Carmo, João dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9829277329129396
Mathematics anxiety is characterized by a specific set of unpleasant physiological, cognitive and behavioral reactions to any mathematical stimuli or mathematics learning contingencies. This paper had as a general objective to look for evidence of validity of assessment and intervention tools related to mathematics anxiety and to this end, the research was divided into two studies. The study part is intended to search for evidence of validity of the Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS). It is divided into three steps aiming in order to investigate the main objectives such as verify evidence of the inner structure of the MAS; check out correlations between high and low scores on the MAS and school performance in subject matters like mathematics, portuguese, history and geography; expand the application of the MAS in the South, Midwest and Northeast in Brazil and observe possible differences in average scores of mathematics anxiety in each region, taking into account students’ gender, school year (grades) and term. The second study aimed to verify the effectiveness of an intervention program to math anxiety and it was done in a single step. On the first study, the results in step 1, by Exploratory and Confirmatory Data Analysis, indicated that the MAS tends to show a structure with two dimensions. In part 2, the results showed that there was significant and positive correlation between MAS total score and performance in mathematics, in eleven two-month terms analyzed; Portuguese, in six two-month terms; History; in twomonth terms; Geography, in six two-month terms. In the third part, the results showed significant difference in MAS average in relation to the gender variable in the Midwest, southern regions and in the general sample. Referring to the period variable, there was also a significant difference in the Midwest, Southeast and also, in the general sample. On the school year variable, the significant differences in MAS average occurred in the Midwest and in the general sample. In the Midwest, the significant differences in MAS scores occurred between the 1st year of high school (9th grade) and the 6th and 7th years of elementary school. Significant differences were also observed between the 3rd grade and the 8th grade; the 6th grade and 8th and 1st grades; the 7th grade and 1st and 8th grades; and the 8th grade and 3rd, 6th and 7th grades. In the general sample, the differences between the 1st grade of high school (9th grade) and the 6th and 7th grades of elementary school. In relation to the general objective of this paper which is about the search for evidence of validity of an assessment tool and the effectiveness of an intervention, both concerned with math anxiety, data supporting positive evidence for carrying on using MAS and to the intervention were found in this research. Although the last one was only an initial study and thus it is still not possible to indicate whether it is effective, but the results are promising.
Uma demonstração do teorema fundamental da álgebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-21)
Costa, Allan Inocêncio de Souza
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Oliveira, César Rogério de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5485204156806697
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Barros, Tomas Edson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5442017085057925
In this work we explain an elegant and accessible proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra using the Lagrange Multipliers method. We believe this will be a valuable resource not only to Mathematics students, but also to students in related areas, as the Lagrange Multipliers method that lies at the heart of the proof is widely taught.
Contribuições das práticas de recursos humanos na integração interna da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-21)
Abreu, Andréia de
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6141230203546076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2958568549055933
The aim of this thesis was to investigate how Human Resource practices contribute to overcome barriers and to produce facilitating factors to internal integration of companies in the context of Supply Chain Management. Both barriers and facilitating factors are influenced by the human factor, which, in turn, is still not considered in research related to Supply Chain Management. Therefore, we carried out a literature review to build the theoretical foundation, using the Systematic Review of Literature, whose results were systematized into two main discussion blocks: (i) characterization of internal integration in the context of Supply Chain Management, and (ii) interaction between Human Resource Management and Supply Chain Management with emphasis on Human Resource practices. This theoretical foundation supported the development of the research empirical phase, a qualitative approach, using multiple case studies as a research method. We investigated six medium to large national companies, representative in their sectors. Data collection was conducted through interviews with supply chain managers (or equivalent position) and human resource managers, document analysis and direct observation. In the six investigated companies, we found that the development of actions in Human Resource practices for the specific needs of Supply Chain Management generate positive effects in overcoming the barriers to internal integration and improve facilitating factors. The contributions from the Human Resources practices for companies' internal integration in the context of Supply Chain Management could be grouped according to the following points: (1) professional training and support in determining the professional profile to work in Supply Chain Management, including the position "Supply Chain Manager", (2) implementation of projects for Supply Chain Management and change management, (3) support in structuring the Supply Chain area, (4) stimulating teamwork, and (5) relevance of internal recruitment. Overall, the results obtained in this research indicate that internal integration for Supply Chain Management can be seen from the perspective of Human Resource Management, especially when considering the influence of the human factor for the success of initiatives and supply chain practices.
A diversidade de portfólio de alianças e o desempenho das firmas industriais brasileiras em inovação de produto : o papel da capacidade de p&d e dos ativos complementares especializados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-21)
Moreira, Frederico Guilherme Pamplona
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Moralles, Herick Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3603674784653923
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Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2321084184622795
The objective of this thesis was to analyze (1) the relationship between alliances portfolio diversity (DPA) and firm’s innovative performance and (2) whether firm’s R&D capacity (CAPPD) and specialized complementary assets (ACE) moderates this relationship. Finally, (3) whether CAPPD and ACE variables are complementary or substitute to each other. Thus, it was adopted an econometric method with secondary data. From Brazilian industry, were extracted 13,020 observations/companies from the last two databases PINTEC/IBGE - 2006-2008 and 2009-2011. The results confirmed an inverted U-shaped relationship between DPA and performance. Also confirmed that both moderating variables - CAPPD and ACE - positively moderates this curvilinear relationship. The substitute relationship between CAPPD and ACE was an unexpected result. The result of substitutability can be explained by inertial pressures imposed by firm's business model. These findings contribute to open innovation, in that emphasizes the relative importance of variety and not quantity of partners. The absorptive capacity theory (AC) is extended from the point which is seen as an element that has more than one dimension, not only in terms of skills and competencies, but also in spatial terms. The point of view of this thesis, the AC can manifest itself in areas other than firm’s R&D unit. Thus, the AC, while manifest itself in other internal sub-units can be indirectly connected to the firm’s knowledge and learning based view.
Estudos evolutivos no gênero Triportheus (Characiformes, Triportheidae) com enfoque na diferenciação do sistema de cromossomos sexuais ZZ/ZW
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-24)
Yano, Cassia Fernanda
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Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7069073110550804
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9051814282303820
Triportheus genus (Characiformes, Triportheidae) presents a particular scenario 1 in fishes, with a ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes system for all species until now investigated. The Z chromosome is metacentric and the largest one of the karyotype, remaining morphologically conserved in all species. In contrast, the W chromosome differs in shape and size among species, from almost identical to markedly reduced in size in relation to the Z, with a clear heterochromatin accumulation associated with its differentiation process. This scenario in Triportheus, along with a well defined phylogeny for this group, provided an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolutionary events associated with the sex chromosomes differentiation, a matter of increasing interest to evolutionary biology in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the origin and differentiation of sex chromosomes in eight Triportheus species, using diverse conventional and molecular cytogenetics tools, such as C-banding, chromosomal mapping of rDNAs and several other repetitive DNA sequences, comparat ive genomic hybridization (CGH), microdissection of Z and W chromosomes and whole chromosome painting (WCP). The preferential accumulation of repetitive DNAs on the W chromosome highlighted the predominant participation of these sequences in the differentiation of this chromosome. Notably, the differential accumulation of microsatellites, and a hybridization pattern with no direct correlation to the ancestry of the W chromosome, put in evidence the particular evolutionary processes that shaped the sex-specific chromosome among species. The chromosomal mapping of 5S and 18S rDNAs and U2 DNAsn highlighted a very particular scenario in the distribution of these multigene families in Triportheus. Indeed, the variability in number of the rDNA sites on the autosomes, as well as the syntenic "status" of these three multigene families, showed their intense dynamism in the karyotype evolution, revealing a much more complex organization of these genes than previously supposed for closely related species. In addition, the occurrence of U2 DNAsn on the W chromosome of T. albus appears as an evolutionary novelty, while the occurrence of 18S rDNA in the Wq terminal region of all species pointed to a conserved condition for the genus, as well as a peculiarity in the evolutionary process of the W chromosome. Noteworthy, the use of WCP, and especially CGH experiments, put in evidence sequences which are shared by both Z and W chromosomes and sequences that are unique to each one. Thus, the Wq terminal region stood out with a high concentration of female specific sequences, in coincidence with the location of the 18S rDNA genes, allowing inferences about the origin of these cistrons on the sex-specific chromosome. Our data also showed that the ZZ/ZW system had, in fact, a common origin in Triportheus, considering the homologies found in chromosomal paintings using the Z and W probes. Triportheus auritus is the direct representative of the first lineage to differentiate in the genus and WCP experiments, using the Z chromosome probe of this species, have showed how this chromosome is notably conserved in all investigated species. On the other hand, the W chromosome showed variable patterns of homology among species, highlighting the molecular divergence emerged along its evolutionary history. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study allowed to certify the common origin of the ZZ/ZW sex system in Triportheus and to evaluate the intra- and inter-specific genomic homologies and differences between the sex pair, resulting in significant advances in the knowledge of the origin and differentiation of the sex chromosomes among lower vertebrates.
Estudo das espécies da família Cichlidae na Bacia do Rio Tietê da coleção ictiológica do LISDEBE UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-24)
Wood, Karen Lima
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Garavello, Júlio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2778105126670170
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6884718782421871
The diversity of fish species of family Cichlidae from the Tiete River basin and stored in Systematic Ichthyology Laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the Federal University of São Carlos (LISDEBE-UFSCar) collection was studied. They were collected by researchers from this laboratory , others researchers of the University and with the addition of coming ichthyological material from a large collection of fish made by researchers of the Energy Company of São Paulo (CESP) before the closure of the dams of the middle and lower Tiete River. The collections were made with the help of fishing nets in random locations in the main channel and in some tributaries of the river Tiete between the years 1975 and 2014, reaching a total of 795 individuals, comprising 8 genera and 9 species. Three species are recognized as exotic or invasive non-native and makes up a small portion of the collected individuals. The species of common and frequently cichlids were Cichlasoma paranaense, Autraloheros fascetus and Geopahagus brasiliensis whose sample is understand that these species are widely distributed across different environments and through different seasons. The work also presents an identification key of the nine species found in Tiete River Basin, being studied copies available for consultation at LISDEBE-UFSCar. For all species studied are provided illustrations, diagnoses, localizations and comments on morphological details. A discussion on the actual taxonomic situation and conservation of the Cichlidae ichthyofauna at river Tietê is also presented.
Perspectivas para uma rearticulação entre filosofia e espiritualidade : mística e intuição em Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-25)
Rochamonte, Catarina
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0386299293555947
We defend in this work the possibility of rescue, by means of Henri Bergson work, the spiritual aspect of philosophy and offer a world vision to the comteporaneity higher, in our view, than a purely aesthetic and hedonistic perspective as celebrated in postmodernity. The path chosen for display of this thesis was initially an analysis of Bergson’s conception of intuition, showing the consequences of this notion in the critique of traditional metaphysics and in the construction of a new metaphysics of duration, followed by a study of Bergson's understanding of mysticism, as well as its crucial role in the moral and spiritual development of humanity. We defend, with Bergson, a creative evolution still ongoing, understanding the philosophical intuition as an effort that takes the intellect to its limits and mystical intuition as an effort that elevates an individual beyond himself. We also find the exceptionality of the mystique and the consequent need for reflections on the possibilities of indirect application of what the great mystics bequeathed to us.
Efeito da temperatura sobre as interações cardiorrespiratórias em sapos Rhinella schneideri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-26)
Zena, Lucas Aparecido
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Bícego, Kênia Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169967378071426
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3847299377846753
For adequate blood supply to match metabolic demand, vertebrates regulate blood pressure (BP) in order to maintain adequate perfusion of target organs avoiding ischemia and tissue damage like edema. Effective short-term BP regulation in anuran amphibians occurs through adjustments in heart rate (HR), peripheral vascular resistance, and changing pulsatile frequency of lymph hearts. In addition, pulmonary ventilation in anurans is directly linked to blood volume homeostasis by facilitating lymph fluid movement back into the cardiovascular system which takes place by changing pressure and volume within anurans' lymphatic sacs. It is apparent that an interaction between baroreflex regulation and breathing control exists in anuran amphibians. In the present study I used pharmacological methods (phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside; infusion ramp and in bolus methods) to investigate baroreflex sensitivity at different temperatures in the cururu toad Rhinella schneideri. I evaluated the degree to which arterial baroreflex plays a role in pulmonary ventilation in the cururu toad. Baroreflex regulation in the toad R. schneideri was temperature dependent and influenced the toad’s ventilation. Hypotension and hypertension resulted in increases and decreases in HR, respectively, as well as increases and decreases in pulmonary ventilation mainly through adjustments in breathing frequency. In contrast to data from the literature, anuran amphibians seem to defend lower BP events primarily rather than hypertension independent of temperature. Anurans exhibit higher rates of transcapillary fluid filtration which means during hypertension fluid filtration is increased and excess interstitial fluid formation will be reclaimed by an efficient lymphatic system. Therefore, besides pulmonary ventilation's role in matching O2 delivery to demand (e.g. temperatures) in anurans, it also plays a role in BP regulation possibly owing to an interaction between baroreflex control and respiratory areas in the brain.
Índice de qualidade da mobilidade urbana a pé para pessoas idosas (IQMUI)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-26)
Silva Filho, Nivaldo Gerôncio da
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8635574183164362
Especially you can see that planning not just urban mobility but of infrastructure linked to it, is the result of a great debate and discussion. The impetus given by the mobility in recent years, has taken such a high proportion that affects all modes ratings. Thus, the debate and the discussion ran high, especially from the 1970s and 1980s, when urban problems started to become more evident, because of the swelling of cities and therefore the lack of adequate infrastructure to meet all the wants and needs of the population. It is true that the displacement requirements are supported by law and concerns a right guaranteed, which is to come and go. Due to the fragility of planning, several problems began to emerge in urban areas among which the gaps in the interpretation of responsibilities between the three spheres federal, state and municipal government; and priority when the execution, which in the case of Brazil adopted the exclusionary model of motorized displacement means at the expense of non-motorized. Moreover, even in cases where there is a structure for the foot displacement, this is sometimes precarious especially in medium and large cities. To make the most critical issue in such circumstances arises an aggravating is the rather sharp increase in the elderly population in Brazil, which need special care when it comes to urban infrastructure, particularly walkways and driveways, as this population is characterized among others aspects of weaknesses that are directly linked to displacement. In other words, to the pedestrian does not have mobility problems the infrastructure is already precarious, for the elderly aggravating are significant to the point of making the displacement of this population almost impossible. The set associated with shifts in sidewalks, driveways and crossings are analyzed as a whole may even have satisfactory concepts, but when viewed individually could reach worry levels. In response to these needs, the main objective of this thesis is to propose, in order to improve planning in regard to walkways and driveways, an index to estimate the quality of walkways and driveways facing the elderly population, through 14 indicators divided by 3 groups of subjects. After a comprehensive literature review that brings together different areas of knowledge, it proposed a methodology that initially provides for the incorporation of the opinion of many experts, through a questionnaire. So that the responses to the questionnaire were informed due to some peculiar characteristics of the elderly segment. Pursuant to the case study in a medium-sized city, in general, the results obtained with the index established by the model, have proved to be satisfactory. In conclusion, even considering as a satisfactory result the methodology indicates that it is necessary to provide improvements to walkways and driveways, as the elderly segment requires more appropriate structures.
Teorema de Pitágoras, aplicações de demonstrações em sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-26)
Tartaglia Filho, Leonardo
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Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685
[ENG]The official curriculum of the state of São Paulo in their spiral character, discusses the Pythagorean Theorem as one of their learning situations for the 9th year of elementary school, and on top of that content, contextualizes the topic in several other opportunities in high school, one of the most common theories in the Euclidean geometry. The work contributes in the creation of skills and competencies necessary for the understanding of geometry, which is apparent or not the figure of the right triangle, with the aim of providing tools for students to build knowledge necessary in order to find solutions to the problems posed by notebook student, which is the basic curriculum for all students of the state of São Paulo school. The activities, as workshops and activity sheets, proposed by the developer of this dissertation were applied to 35 students of the 9th grade of elementary school of the State School Pedro Bento Alves, located in central city of Arandu, state of São Paulo, which has in its framework students 800 students, divided shapeless way in 22 classrooms. Through the activity sheets, the author made the draft statements for the Pythagorean Theorem through manual labor, which believes it has a more significant effect to the students. The results were analyzed and compared with the assumptions previously raised during the preparation and creation of the dissertation, and the Didactic Engineering as the main research methodology and data analysis. Proposals classes had a good development because students behaved as protagonists of actions, being motivated and participative during the execution of activities. Students reached the proposed objectives, understanding that the material developed provided a different routine, as it has been applied, and thus conclude that the leaves of activities will be useful to all teachers who want to develop them in their classes, adapting -the as reality, performance and utilization of their students. The work contributed greatly to the professional development of the author, since rethink strategies and pursue new activities through research, raised the level of knowledge on the subject, which provided new practices in the classroom.
Condutividade iônica e eletrônica em vidros 0,50[xAg2O(1-x)V2O5].0,50P2O5
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Marin, Juan Jairo Diaz
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Rodrigues, Ana Candida Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4499231813051400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3837298586123061
Mixed conductive glassy materials have in their composition, in addition to a glass former, a metallic element in two oxidation states and ions with high mobility, generally alkaline or Ag+ ions. These materials can be used in solid state batteries. However, from a scientific point of view, there are still some issues to be solved, such as the mechanism that best explains the behavior of electric conduction in these materials, and why there is a marked drop in conductivity as a function of composition, for equimolar compositions between the modifier that introduces the ionic conduction, and the transition metal oxide that introduces the electronic conduction. Therefore, to advance the frontier of knowledge about the conduction mechanisms present in mixed conductive glasses, the ternary system of the glass family 0.50[xAg2O(1-x)V2O5].0.50P2O5, (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) was chosen. Each vitreous composition was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Helium pycnometry, and impedance spectroscopy. The impedance spectroscopy measurements of the composition x=0.6 revealed a semicircle with a deformation at low frequency. This semicircle cannot be adjusted by a single RC circuit. The analysis of the pre-exponential factor and the activation energies of the glasses shows lower values for the glasses rich in vanadium, that is, in the "electronic" region, when compared to the pre-exponential factor of the glasses of the region richest in silver, or in the "ionic" region. This behavior is in accordance with the theoretical expressions for each of the conductivity mechanisms. In an attempt to quantify the ionic and electronic contributions, the electromotive force method (F.E.M) was applied. This method was selected because, theoretically, it allows a precise quantification of the electronic and ionic conductivities. However, the experimental results showed that the generated electrochemical cell did not correspond to the expected one, therefore it was not possible to quantify the ionic and electronic contributions to the total electrical conductivity.
Desenvolvimento de plataformas nanométricas híbridas baseadas em polímero/enzima visando aplicações em biossensores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Rodrigues, Stanley Endrigo Bilatto
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2012719040203232
Foodborne illness cases are common in Brazil and in the world. However, in many cases the microorganism causing the illness cannot properly identified. In addition, traditional analyses usually employed for identifying such microorganisms are often expensive and time consuming. In this context, the development of novel methods capable of detecting such microorganism in a fast way, similarly to a pre-selection method to indicate the positive or negative presence of pathogenic, are highly pursued. In this work, two systems using a concept of Electronic Tongue were developed. The first system used the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique to immobilize lysozyme, trypsin and pepsin enzymes in nanostructured films. In the second system, the immobilization process was combined using the LbL technique and covalent bonding for lysozyme and trypsin enzymes. The trypsin and pepsin can react with bacterial sub-products released in the medium, while the lysozyme can react directly with the gram-positive bacteria cell wall. All parameters required to obtain stable films with preserved enzymatic activity were investigated and determined. In the first case, the detection of Escherichia coli using the Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy yielded detection of bacteria at 105 UFC (intermediate values). The second electronic tongue was composed by sensing units formed by lysozyme and trypsin immobilized by covalent and electrostatic (LbL) bonds, allowing the reaction with either by products or with the bacterial cell wall. Contamined solutions with the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Salmonella bacteria and a mixed solution with both were analyzed. The second system was able to detect small bacteria concentrations at 103 CFU. Finally, the solution re-suspension treatment showed to be beneficial for improving the detection results. The electronic tongue was capable of distinguishing solutions contaminated with bacteria, showing potential to aid in the prevention of foodbourne diseases.
Efeitos da exposição à nanopartícula de dióxido de titânio em hepatócitos de peixe zebra (Danio rerio, Hamilton, 1822). uma abordagem in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Siqueira, Priscila Rodrigues de
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2052416811090234
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) are commonly used in many industrial activities. Consequently, the daily consumption by humans is estimated in 5.4 mg day, with an input in the environment of 4.2 mg day per person, receiving or not appropriated treatment before disposure. The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of TiO2-NP were investigated using the established fish cell line derived from zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver (i. e. ZF-L cells). Prior to the evaluation of nanoparticle’s toxic potential, a careful characterization was realized in culture medium in the presence or not of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Regarding to the characterization in terms of size was accessed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the agglomeration potential and surface charge were accessed by diameter light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements, respectively, using a spectrophotometer. TiO2-NP in environmentally relevant concentrations were tested for cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Cell viability was accessed by four different tests, the trypan blue assay (membrane integrity), MTT reduction assay (mitochondria), neutral red retention assay (lysosomes) and finally, induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Genotoxicity was determined by observing the fragmentation of DNA by the comet assay, while mutagenicity was determined by Cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique. The characterization showed that the FBS was effective in dispersing the nanoparticles and prevent the formation of large agglomerates allowing robust responses on the real toxicity of NP. After 24 hours of treatment, there was cell membranes rupture, decreasing cell viability to 35.33%, at the highest concentration (1.0 μg mL-1). Mitochondrial metabolic activity remained unchanged, but it was possible to detect the proliferation of lysosomes, which was mainly attributed to the NP endocytosis. The induction of apoptosis was 50.4%, and necrosis was 13.9%, both in the concentration 1.0 μg mL-1 TiO2-NP. In the case of necrosis, a result 10 times greater than that presented by the negative control. Added necrosis and apoptosis indicated a decrease in cell viability to 35.7%. The comet test showed the fragmentation of the DNA, it was also possible to observe the formation of micronuclei, bridges and shoots demonstrated by the micronucleus assay. In general, this study demonstrated that TiO2-NP, after 24 hours of exposure, significantly affect cell viability and cause DNA damage, which may become irreversible. In conclusion, this study showed the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential of TiO2-NP for ZF-L cells. Mitochondrial and lysosome responses require further studies on the effect of TiO2-NP on these organelles.
O uso de jogos e a mediação do professor na abordagem histórico-cultural : primeiras aproximações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Pereira, Patrícia
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Faria, Paulo Cezar de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3630521378837174
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5172215720465911
The present study had as reference the Teaching Activity and Being Learning Situation aimed at internalizing of theoretical knowledge through the action and reflection (both the kids and the researcher) in the search for the solution of problem situations, with the intention to give children the need of appropriation of concepts, worrying about the "Genesis of the concept" (MOURA et al., 2010). The investigative procedure type taken as reference using a Teaching Guiding Activity (TGA) through Being Learning Situations (BLS). It sought to check if the game when used under the historical-cultural approach, triggers learning some own concepts to addition and subtraction operations. It to do so was considered the games CUBRA A SOMA and FECHE A CAIXA. The study consisted of five Teaching Activities with each game, totaling ten activities, during the months of October to December, in the year 2015, in a State school located in the city of São Carlos, in the State of São Paulo. The eight children were selected by the teacher of the class, four considered with more skills in calculus and four considered with less skills in calculus. The procedures included: a) request for authorization of School Unit for realization of this study; b) submission of the study to the Ethics Committee; c) filling a questionnaire for parents/guardians of the eight participating students of this study and the informed consent; d) use of the game CUBRA A SOMA, as activities for the appropriation of addition; e) using the FECHE A CAIXA how activities for the appropriation of addition and subtraction; f) resolution of problem situations involving addition and subtraction; g) footage of children in 10 classes in which were developed the teaching activities and some audio recordings; g) analysis and discuss of data obtained with the footage and audio recordings with the assumption the concepts of cultural-historical approach, the question of study and objectives. The results indicated that the mediations, associated with the motivation of children, during the Teaching Activity can provide the development. Whereas that the children do not generalize and do not internalize the concepts same way, though to be mediated by the same person (the researcher), we found that the knowledge related to the concepts of addition and subtraction were appropriate at different levels.
Ferramenta de apoio ao manejo de águas pluviais urbanas com base em indicadores de sustentabilidade - SAMSAP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Silva, Sidnei Pereira da
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1773693912238195
Many municipalities have problems with the drainage system and the excess rainwater in certain periods of the year. The management of cities should take into account the sustainability and for this, the indicators are important tools in helping to making the use and land use decision and thus avoid risk situations related to urban water. The sustainability principles guided the development of this research for this, were developed 13 sustainability principles specific to the management of stormwater based on general principles in the literature. After surveying the literature of sustainability indicators, they were found 102 indicators and of those, 65 that could be used in the management of rainwater, one of the indicators selection criteria was the correlation with the specific principles and other direct relationship with problem. Then we sought in the literature, the problems faced by the government and the people related to rainwater, were 47 major found this total, 19 were considered direct problems and the remaining effects caused by these problems. These 19 problems were divided into five dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social, economic, political, cultural and technological or management. For each problem have been assigned their respective indicators, a total of 54, leaving at least 2 indicators of the problem. Using multi-criteria method, priority indicators were selected, that is, those that would be most suitable for the monitoring of problems, however, in the absence of information available to these priority indicators can be used side indicators. These indicators served for the preparation of SAMSAP tool - Support System for Water Management Stormwater, which will serve for the development of scenarios for monitoring and decision making of managers and responsible for the management of rainwater.
Obstáculos epistemológicos no processo de alfabetização científica: um estudo para a formação do professor das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-28)
Gomes, Caroindes Julia Corrêa
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Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3858289473837461
This work presupposes the importance of the teaching of Science so that the students can acquire the cultural elements and the scientific language and develop the necessary skills to the critical and aware exercise of citizenship. To think about it in the context of the initial grades – since the child is also an integrant subject of the social body and owns, as the adults, the right to appropriate of the surrounding culture – has been the challenge of many researchers of that field due to the faced difficulties to its accomplishment. Among those difficulties, the formation of the responsible teachers for this level of education was one of the analyzed themes on this research, since they have little knowledge about the theoretical and methodological fundaments that guide the educative praxis of that discipline. On that sense, it was evaluated the relation among the different groups: in-service teachers, undergraduates in Education and senior students at the 5th grade of Elementary School, observing several characteristics that showed the same perceptions about the scientific nature and conceptual difficulties as well, mainly the ones related to Chemistry, although there was not any educator/student bound among them. The obtained results could show the necessary renovation concerning to Science teaching, for the teacher him/herself could reinforce mistaken views and concepts, transmitted to and preserved in the children in their future school lives. During the data collection, an intervention was done by means of a ministered course to the teachers and undergraduates participating of the research, in order to provide to them the mobilization and deconstruction of knowledges about teaching and learning Science. That way, the classes provided a more critical and reflexive view and promoted a more proper conception in relation to the production of the scientific knowledge. The analysis done also indicated the importance of living different ways and experiences during the teacher formation, understanding it as a constant process of formation and auto formation through the praxis and the reflection about it.