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Estudo de formação de tris-acetal internoe espiro-carbocíclicos a partir de (R)-(–)-e espiro-carbocíclicos a partir de (R)-(–)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-07) Desiderá, André Luiz; Brocksom, Timothy John; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4748593313421958
In this work we studied, initially, the formation of the internal tris-ketals derivatives from their respective 2,2-bis-propargyl cyclic ketones from catalysis by gold complexes. The reaction conditions were studied for synthesis of this class of compounds, variations of catalysts with and without addition of co-catalysts, the substituents effect on propargylic carbon, theoretical calculation of the thermodynamic stability of the keto x acetal form and theoretical calculation of chemical shift versus the empirical results for structural confirmation. Based on these results and published reports, mechanisms have been proposed to explain the formation of the obtained products. In a second stage of this work, we studied the diastereoselective 2,2-bisallylation of cicloeptenona and further formation of spiro [6.4] bicyclo system from the ring closure metathesis reaction (RCM). The scope of this work was prepared from 2,2-bis-allyl-cycloalkanones and subsequent RCM using 5 different ruthenium catalysts, varying the solvent and reaction temperature.
Percepções de professores alfabetizadores do município de Votorantim (SP) sobre o pacto nacional pela alfabetização na idade certa (PNAIC): um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-07) Araujo, Samara Elyza Macedo de; Nascimento, Fabrício do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3496410597486943
This study seeks to understand the perceptions of literacy teachers on the proposal for continuing education developed under the National Pact Literacy Age One (PNAIC) in the municipality of Votorantim / SP. The methodological approach to the research was qualitative in nature, with data collection conducted through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The data were analyzed according to a critical perspective. The formation of the literacy teacher is a concern at the current situation, demanding this professional skills and expertise to train students with a view to meeting the demands of capital. It is considered that the PNAIC is also developed in this perspective, being a punctual and discontinued program that aims to standardize the actions of literacy at the national level, conceiving them as mere executors of tasks. The teachers participating in this study believe that the training received in PNAIC is feasible by allowing the exploitation of their educational practices and changes in their ways of teaching literacy. However, the effective participation of these professionals in the construction and implementation of continuing education proposal of PNAIC is not displayed, and even being objective described by the program, the practice of reflexivity, assume the role of protagonists in their professional development and change agents in contexts in which they operate, yet it is a challenge.
Mecanismos celulares envolvidos na ação antiproliferativa do [10]-gingerol sobre células de tumor de mama
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-07) Fuzer, Angelina Maria; Cominetti, Márcia Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3391479439604187
Cancer is a leading cause of death, according to World Health Organization, preceding diseases as diabetes and tuberculosis, conditions as malnutrition and even though interpersonal violence. Many types of cancer are also correlated to major risk factors associated to mortality and morbidity, such as obesity, alcohol abuse and smoking. In 2012 14.1 millions of new cases of cancer arisen with 8.2 million of deaths worldwide. Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is word know use as spice on cooking and widely use as medicinal herb in preparations. Several studies describe its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-emetic activities. Much of the ginger bioactivity is due to its phenolic compounds [6], [8], and [10]- gingerol, which have anti-proliferative and antiangiogenic action on tumor cells, as demonstrated by several in vivo and in vitro studies. Several studies have revealed advantages of three-dimensional culture techniques (3D) over traditional two-dimensional monolayer cultures (2D). 3D cultures better mimic the tumor microenvironment found in vivo, as well as the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Three-dimensional culture has produced different responses compared to those found in 2D cultures, such as increased resistance of tumor cells to various drugs, and increased selective sensitivity to tumor cells in relation to normal cells. On this work, techniques for three-dimensional culture were used to test the effects of [10]-gingerol on breast tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of [10]-gingerol in different hallmarks of malignancy correlated with metastatic process, such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion and also its effects on apoptosis, both in 2D and 3D. Results demonstrated that [10]-gingerol changes the morphology of MDA-MB-231 malignant cells in lower concentrations and shorter times when compared to nonmalignant MCF-10A cells, suggesting an specific and concentration-dependent action for [10]-gingerol on malignant cells. [10]-gingerol was also able to inhibit migration and invasion of MDA-MB- 231 cells at low concentrations and to induce apoptosis at higher concentrations. We observed that [10]-gingerol presented higher IC50 in proliferation assays with MCF-10A non tumor cells compared to tumor cells. The compound also inhibited migration of non-tumor cell lines at higher concentrations compared to tumor cells. Moreover, [10]-gingerol inhibited MDA-MB- 231 cell adhesion to different ECM components, such as laminin, fibronectin and vitronectin, even at low concentrations. Western blotting and real time quantitative PCR assays suggested that [10]-gingerol was able to act by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. On 3D assays the results showed selectivity of [10]-gingerol against the malignant T4-2 lineage. The compound was also able to revert the malignant phenotype and to induce apoptosis in this cell line. These results suggest that [10]-gingerol has potential to be a new anticancer drug in the future.