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Avaliação da cinética de degradação abiótica do polietileno de alta densidade, na presença e ausência de aditivo pró-degradante e estabilizantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-28) Lellis, Marcela Caroline Antunes; Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3480730374217911
The convenience of single-use packaging of high density polyethylene (HDPE) led to the need to convert them into biodegradable materials in less time to minimize the environmental problems caused by disposal. An alternative is the use of prodegradants. However, mechanical properties of packaging materials must be preserved during use and pro-degrading action should increase only after disposal. To achieve this balance between performance and degradability, stabilizers can be added to HDPE/prodegradant. HDPE is a chemically stable polyolefin, hence abiotic degradation times, even in the presence of prodegradant, are long. Therefore, the need for kinetic studies has become critical. To this end, formulations with different manganese stearate levels (50, 200 and 400 ppm) in the presence or absence of stabilizers (primary and secondary) were subjected to thermo-oxidative degradation at three temperatures (60, 70 and 80 °C). For the development of the kinetic studies, tensile tests, infrared spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography were performed at different thermo-oxidation times. The results showed that manganese stearate, regardless of concentration, in addition to accelerating thermal oxidation of HDPE caused a higher level of degradation, characterized by lower molar masses and higher levels of carbonyl index at the end of the degradation time. Addition of the primary stabilizer increased induction time without altering degradation rates, which enables it to be used in conjunction with the prodegradant to delay the onset of the degradative process. However, the secondary stabilizer caused no significant difference for the levels studied. The kinetic assessment (Arrhenius extrapolations) allowed us to conduct studies predicting degradation times relevant to the analysis of degradation.
Terceiro Grupo Escolar De Limeira-SP (1940-2010) : a dinâmica do tempo-espaço escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-28) Almeida, Wilson Ricardo Antoniassi de; Buffa, Ester; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8723354256930377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546752473722986
This thesis discusses the dynamics of school time-space of a public educational institution, the Third School Group of Limeira, estate of São Paulo, from the study of its school culture and its history, covering the period from its creation to the current days (1940-2010). The school culture produced, reproduced, preserved and transformed by the interaction of individuals with the school environment, the work and space organization, plus the pedagogical rationalization of time, compose a set of factors that identify and characterize the school according to the nature of its function, thus developing a collective standard of practice, think and recognize in this environment. Simultaneously, from elements of the school culture, which is in a constant process, it is constructed and can be understood the history of the educational institution. Belonging to this movement lies the research problem: what are the continuities, changes, similarities and contrasts that permeate the relationship between school and time? In answer to this question we aim to study the school culture and understand the history of the educational institution; identify, characterize and analyze historical, philosophical, cultural, political and socioeconomic aspects linked to school culture and history of education; know the history of the educational institution patron and understand the relationships established within the school. As the school culture is full of senses and meanings that determine the configuration of the educational institution, the dynamics of school space-time can be detected by elements of the own school universe as they are imbued with school culture remains. Thus, the research used the potential of school photographs, through its reading and interpretation, together with testimonials (students, teachers, employees ...), and other direct documentary sources such as file archives (school, media, museum, municipal, state and private archives...), as a historical and memory source for education. The photographs, in communion with reports and other documentary sources, worked as an elucidation device of relations between the school and time, which allowed the researcher to identify and analyze possible similarities, contrasts, continuities and transformations throughout the educational process. For a theoretical and critical basis, the study used a bibliographical research that enabled a dialogue between empirical sources and scientific literature. The offered not only exhibit impressions of a school endowed with identity, history and own culture, but also for composing, along with other institutions a single education system, subject to the same rules, public policy, educational and administrative requirements, allow the reconstruction and understanding of relationships and situations involving individuals, education and the school environment in different contexts within the group as a whole.
Identificação de genes candidatos relacionados a traços de desempenho em transcriptomas do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae, Decapoda)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-28) Santos, Camilla Alves; Andrade, Sónia Cristina da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4637731335717375; Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5647631868534064; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6905869491807202
The present work had as general objective to perform the genomic annotation of Expressed Sequences (ESTs) of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, available in the database of Project ShEST and to evaluate the polymorphism of mined SSR and SNP tags. These markers were located in the main chain of protein genes with function related to performance traits and were validated in SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) shrimp families submitted to selection for rapid growth and survival. In addition to the EST-SSR and EST-SNP loci, obtained by Sanger sequencing, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyzes were included in the initial proposal of work with the objective of expanding the set of SNPs available and verifying the differential gene expression. The new assembly of ESTs was performed and produced a set of 2.984 unigenes with protein products for 41% of them, with 1.983 SSRs and 3.472 SNPs being identified. Among the loci with gene product identified, 231 were enzymes with 127 unique EC numbers inserted in 94 KEGG metabolic pathways. Loci validation showed that the loci of the 60S ribosomal (SSR-EST) and crustacyanin (SNP-EST) proteins were polymorphic in the animals sampled from Genearch. Statistical analyzes were conducted to verify the existence of a possible association between the genotypes and the analyzed weight phenotypes, although no association was observed. In addition, cross-species amplification tests were performed on seven species of marine and two freshwater prawns, demonstrating successful transferability for these species. The RNAseq approach was included in the present work with the purpose of increasing the number of SNPs detected in candidate genes with performance-related function and identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes in animals under experimental conditions. A second transcriptome was assembled from the muscle and hepatopancreas tissues of L. vannamei individuals (i) evaluated for rapid growth and survival and (ii) exposed to the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). A total of 63.105 transcripts were generated, with an average size of 2.511 bp and N50 of 3.464 bp. More than 15.500 SNPs were identified (frequency > 50%). Functional annotation was also performed on the bases of SwissProt, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG. Differential gene expression analyzes were performed on the animal samples evaluated for growth and response to WSSV infection. The data generated showed differences in the expression profile between the genes of (i) high and low growth animals, (ii) the hepatopancreas and muscle and (iii) the uninfected (healthy) and infected (ill) animals by WSSV, considering the effect of the tissue. Two-hundred and seven DE genes were identified for growth, 5.816 for hepatopancreas and muscle and 1.017 for ill and healthy animals.