Efeitos da distribuição espacial de árvores sobre atributos físicos e químicos do solo e nas características agronômicas e produtivas de cafeeiro sombreado

Abstract

In Brazil the coffee production is performed mostly in full sun and, only regions that traditionally suffer from Frost, as the Southeast and South and in some localities of the North and Northeast where there is high air temperature it is common practice of afforestation of the coffee plantations. In recent decades the Brazilian coffee production has gone through several modifications, in the search for more sustainable crop systems, both in the productive and economic aspects, but especially in the use and conservation of natural resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the spatial distribution of trees in the chemical and physical attributes of soil and productivity of the coffee tree shading. Chapter 1. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in factorial scheme 4 x 2, with four repetitions. The first factor was the location of sampling points of soil in shaded coffee plantation, determined by two points on the same line of planting trees (D1L - one meter away from the trunk of the tree and D6L - six meters away from the trunk of the tree) and parallel to these two points located in the planting of trees leading (D1E and D6E). The second factor was the soil sampling depth: 0 - 0,20 and 0,20 - 0,40 meters. The greatest soil mechanical resistance to penetration were observed in point D1L and D1E. The lowest pH value and the highest content of aluminum in the soil was found in the line of planting of trees in point D1L. The spatial distribution of trees did not alter the moisture and the levels of organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, which have remained within the ranges considered appropriate for coffee cultivation. Chapter 2. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four treatments and six replications: 1) D1L - coffee trees located in the planting of trees line the one meter away from the trunk of vii the tree; 2) D6L - coffee trees located in the planting of trees line the six meters away from the trunk of the tree; 3) D1E - coffee trees located between the lines of trees, parallel to D1L point; and 4) D6E - coffee trees located between the lines of trees, parallel to D6L point. Was evaluated the effect of the spatial distribution of trees in production and agronomic characteristics of the coffee tree (height, diameter and length of the branch plagiotrópico), in Chade system. There was no effect of spatial distribution of trees on the agronomic characteristics or in coffee production in the system evaluated