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Monitoramento de sistemas agroflorestais utilizando indicadores, na comunidade Rio Preto, Sete Barras, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Oliveira, Gabriel Sousa Torres de; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1683750593634321
The present work was carried out in initial agroforestry systems (SAFs), implemented in 2013 on the properties of five family farmers living in the Rio Preto community, municipality of Sete Barras, SP. The implementation of these agroforestry systems was part of the project of a Japanese-based NGO that seeks to conserve the Atlantic Forest biome through mitigation of the negative effects of agriculture in partnership with a university extension group linked to UFSCar Sorocaba. This group obtained a project focused on agroecological transition contemplated in a public notice. After the implementation of the SAFs, the need to follow up these experiences has arisen, in order to better conduct the next steps and to support the farmers involved in the process of agroecological transition. Thus, was proposed a research that approached participatory monitoring of the agroforestry systems implemented, through the use of indicators. The general objective of this work was to report a monitoring experience of initial agroforestry systems using indicators, to evaluate the efficiency of biophysical indicators in monitoring, to investigate the farmer’s discourse on what they mean by SAFs and to discuss the index of similarity in monitoring. In order to achieve these objectives, participant observation was adopted as an approach to get to know the local reality and as a source of complementary information for the research, as well as a diagnosis of rural properties, focusing on SAFs implemented, with the participation of farmers. Discourse analysis was also used to investigate the understanding of the farmers through their speeches. In order to carry out the monitoring of agroforestry systems with the participation of farmers, it was sought to follow some methodological principles present in the literature, using an exercise known as "goal tree" to help define the indicators to be used in monitoring. The Jaccard similarity index was also used to compare the SAFs monitored, in order to complement the results obtained with the indicators. The results showed that through participant observation it was possible to know different aspects about the relationship between farmers and agroforestry systems. The results of the diagnosis showed that the smallest of the agroforestry systems implanted has an area of 322 m² and the largest 1056 m². In these plantations 49 tree species were identified, including exotic and native species, representing 21 botanical families. As for natural resources, the diagnosis showed that soils are similar in most areas and that in all of them there is at least one species of spontaneous plant. Discourse analysis revealed that there is no convergent idea among farmer’s about the concept of an agroforestry system, although it has allowed to identify in the farmers' discourses elements that refer to the idea of temporal/spatial combination of tree species with agricultural crops. Among the results related to the process of defining indicators and monitoring of agroforestry systems, it was observed the difficulty of bringing together the farmers participating in the projects, as well as the lack of interest of some farmers, which hindered the fully participatory management of these processes. However, the indicators used were relevant in the monitoring of agroforestry systems, since they were able to synthesize information about the state of the biophysical characteristics of these systems, and some degree of synergy among some indicators was identified. The results of the similarity index varied between 0.21053 and 0.44737, considered low in the analysis of similarity between agroforestry systems.
ASAClu: selecionando clusters diversos e relevantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Almeida, João Luís Baptista de; Faceli, Katti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451540730749377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6329808970349082
No clustering algorithm is guaranteed to find actual groups in any dataset. To deal with this problem, many techniques apply various clustering algorithms to a dataset, generating a set of partitions and assessing them to select the most appropriated ones. The problem in selecting partitions is that redundancy can be seen inside partitions, as the same cluster can appear in different partitions. Also, one can underestimate the quality of a cluster, assessing only the quality of a partition. For these reasons, a new selection strategy named ASAClu is aimed at selecting a relevant and diverse subset of clusters instead of partitions, given an initial collection.
A constituição territorial e imaginária da Terra Céltica Insular: Grã-Bretanha e Irlanda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Pastre, Lucas Landim Castroviejo; Lana, Rita de Cássia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197872414583169
Conceptually characterized by linguistic specificity, the Celts were the Indo-European peoples that originated in the northern Alps, possibly even in the middle of the Bronze Age - the result of a long process of prehistoric miscegenations. At the height of their appropriation, they extended over a territorial arc that stretched from Ireland to present-day Turkey, dominating a space of significant significance between Europe and Asia Minor. This is where the Celtic Land emerged, composed of two distinct occupation plots - the continental and the insular. The latter, in turn, endowed itself with peculiarities arising from the geography inherent to its territory, as well as its more recent history, largely associated with the myths that were born of it. Taking the ethnic composition of Great Britain and Ireland - as far as Celtic civilization is concerned - as a consequence of the migrations that took place on the continent, the monograph showed, through various cultures, complex material and documentary reports attributed and / or associated with these peoples, the multiple processes of culminating occupations in the constitution of the Insular Celtic Earth. In view of the imaginary dimension contained in such attributes, historical parallels with Gaelic mythology were sought, albeit with many caveats and cautions, taken concurrently with the analysis of the primeval peoples associated with the "Emerald Island", where it was possible to verify, successfully, hypothetical links with the Iberians.
Muhlabje em movimento : reciprocidades burocrático-transinstitucionais na Macia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Bila, Josué Julião; Leirner, Piero de Camargo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883880276055777; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8114794394854674
This enterprise, whose geo-ethnographic impact falls on Muhlabje – one of the neighbourhoods of Macia, southern Mozambique – tries to understand the social relations and political dynamics that move people, community social networks and the Bantu-mozambican authoririties with the municipal bureaucracy and politics, without losing sight of the simultaneously continuous and changing social institutions in that community, which are precedent and in movement with colonial domination and with post-independence Mozambique. The argument also unfolds in capturing the social situations intertwined with each other in a continuous and transdynamic flow, that is, the worship of the ancestors, the ceremony by the Mozambican heroes, the achievements of agriculture, the purchase and sale of a land, the wine donated to the community by politicians and agricultural products donated by the community to politicians and bureaucrats and local feasts are activities-social institutes that cut across the supposed institutional divisions of the impersonal republican bureaucracy and (as opposed to) interpersonal relations (Municipality and communities [neopatrimonialism/clientelism]), the reason why this flow gains the concept of bureaucratictransinstitutional reciprocities.
A influência das relações simultâneas entre um atacadista e seus fornecedores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Oliveira, Miriam Tiemi Takimura; Silva, Andrea Lago da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380499339281186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8825486223119687
In supply chain, many articles in literature support that interorganizational relationships evolve in a growing linear process. These relationships began in the form of a transaction based on price negotiation and they go on until long-term commitment in intense near relationship. However, analyzing the interorganizational relationship as a dyad limits a comprehension of business context. The interorganizational relationship is more complex than two actors, because suppliers are interacting and providing for the same buyer simultaneously. In this sense, this research aims to understand the interference of simultaneous long-term relationship between buyers and suppliers, through their interaction. To develop the research a case study was developed with a focal organization, a wholesaler, and its main long-term consumer goods suppliers. As qualitative research, data collection was based on opening interviews, observations at offices, documents analysis and semi-structured interviews. QDA miner software was used for data analysis. Initially, data was explored on dyad searching convergence and divergence on structural, cognitive and relational dimensions of their speeches, also identifying life-cycle status of the dyad wholesale-supplier. Then, data was analyzed considering similar performance characteristics, pointing trends of transferring restrictive or corrective actions. As main results, simultaneous relations can modify the life-cycle dynamic of buyer-supplier relationship, shortening the initial stages of relationships. The relationship pattern adopted influence when it facilitates isomorphism and homogeneity of dyad relations by transfer actions and positive activities for context.
Medidas diretas na avaliação da exposição biomecânica de trabalhadores em ambiente real
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Locks Neto, Francisco; Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6688084327804941
The use of objective measurements to quantify biomechanical exposure of workers in real environment has been stimulated by its accuracy and precision. Furthermore, observational methods, self-reports and the use of questionnaires have shown several limitations regarding theirs validity and reliability. Thus, this thesis is composed by three studies in which objective measurements were used to quantify biomechanical exposure of workers in real environment, in two distinct contexts. Study 1 discusses the use of inclinometry, electrogoniometry and electromyography to quantify the biomechanical exposure of industrial workers from the automotive sector, comparing two production lines (one manual and one semiautomated). For this purpose, postures and movements of the head, upper back, upper arms and wrists, as well as the bilateral muscle activity of upper trapezius and wrist extensors were analyzed. Through objective measurements it was possible to identity that the semiautomated line, despite having a higher production rate with less angular velocities, has less opportunities of rest compared to the manual line. Study 2 evaluated the association between time spent standing still with self-report of pain intensity in the lower back and lower extremities (hips, knees and feet/ankles). In this analysis accelerometers were used during four consecutive days to estimate different physical activities performed during work and leisure. It was observed that time spent standing still, quantified by objective measurements, is associated with pain in lower back, hips and knees. Furthermore, time spent standing still during leisure was associated with pain in those three body regions. Throughout objective measurements used in real situations, it was possible to identify biomechanical risk factors in the three developed studies. Based on the findings of those studies, as well as the current literature, there is a need to use direct measurements to quantify the biomechanical exposure of workers in real environment. This method, apart from presents more accuracy and less biases, allows us to identify more representative measurements of the studied population, which allows an intervention properly directed to the real needs of the workers. Therefore, the use of direct measurements to assess biomechanical exposure of workers in real environment needs to be encouraged.
Startup Kaizen: uma metodologia ágil para desenvolvimento de software em startups
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Leonessa, Nathália Maria Rapuano de Lira Novaes; Álvaro, Alexandre; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9929982894313130; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2384451897593527
The methodologies currently used by startups for market discovery and software development focus on a more agile and fast development, aiming to obtain learning about the potential market. Often, these methodologies set aside good software development practices to make the process faster and more dynamic, with constant end-user participation. If, on the one hand, the use of methodologies such as Scrum and RUP for software development can result in the development of technological solutions that are not used by users due to the lack of participation in software construction, on the other hand, they bring many benefits when it comes to project management and software quality. In contrast, the opposite occurs to the methodologies and tools currently used by startups, such as Lean Startup, Customer Development, Thinking Design and Business Model Canvas. These methodologies and tools focus on the discovery and validation of the market, without concern for the final quality of the product developed for the client, impacting directly. This impact can also be a waste of time in developing a product that no one will be able to use because of the large number of failures or even it never be finalized due to management problems. The lack of concern for good management of a development project, and its final quality, can do as much damage as the lack of approximation with the potential client. Moreover, in an environment of extreme uncertainty, unknown variables should be reduced in order to achieve overall development success, not just business models. The use of good Software Engineering practices may allow obtaining more information and technical data about the solution developed, which directly impact the user. This information can be used as a basis for decision making, thereby reducing risks related to final product quality and project management, making it easier for potential customers to use, and leaner development. In this sense, this work proposes a software development methodology for startups, Startup Kaizen (SK). SK integrates good practices of methodologies such as RUP and Scrum with methodologies focused on validation and market discovery, such as Lean Startup, Customer Development, Thinking Design and Business Model Canvas. This union of good software engineering practices with market discovery aims to minimize the risk variables for the creation of a new company, whether related to market or management and software quality. After the creation of Startup Kaizen, a case study was performed with its application with graduate students in Computer Science at the Federal University of São Carlos in Sorocaba. This application allowed the data collection to analyze the results in the form of a case study.
Algo a fazer : oicogênese e arquitetura no Vale de Araotz (País Basco)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Heras Lopez Guereñu, Ion Fernández de Las; Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0662532582892703
The object of this investigation is the production of the house in the Basque countryside, the baserri, in the context of the Valley of Araotz (Municipality of Oñati, Guipuzcoa, Basque Country). The study is clearly separated into two parts. On the first one, I deal with the historic formation of the baserri as an object of inquiry and in relation to the genesis of two systems of knowledge that produced, through a complex conceptual and theoretical machinery, its own defining outlines: the family-baserri and the architecture-baserri. On the second part, I try to analyze the particular assemblages which mediated, produced and/or built certain houses in the Valley of Araotz during the period of my fieldwork. This way, the aim consists on describing a particular oikogenesis without structuring it from the classifying outlines introduced by the disciplinary logical sets analyzed on the first part, and at the same time having the possibility to find these same classifiers at work and being able to deal with them as proper ethnographic data. Thus, I describe how the production of houses in Araotz is not limited to a definite series of categories anticipated by an efficient cause and that works as an analytical explanation; on the contrary, the singular acts that make baserri are interdependent and contemporary to the production of a diverse series of aspects, such as family, neighborhood, names, heritage, form and materiality of constructions, landscape and territory, animal husbandry, etc. In addition, it is necessary to state that the “pure” delimitation of these aspects is a mere abstraction and that in Araotz not a few times are these found intertwined to the architectural typologies, the anthropological family types, the valuation of material heritage or simply to the nation-state. In Araotz, not only the family is created through the construction of the house, but even the architecture and the anthropology of kinship are inferred and recreated while house and family are made.
Uma análise discursiva do que dizem alunos de escolas públicas sobre a leitura e sobre si como leitores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-12) Corsi, Fabrícia Aparecida Migliorato; Momesso, Maria Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8973020849570833; Ferreira, Luzmara Curcino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4849994635754652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5012529502715217
L'objectif directeur de notre recherche doctorale est l'analyse des discours sur la lecture present dans ce qui déclare les élèves des écoles publiques de l'état de Minas Gerais, inscrit dans la première année du lycée. Nous cherchons à identifier, dans les réponses données par les étudiants interrogés, des représentations que ces jeunes partagent sur la lecture et sur soi-même ent tant que lecteurs et qui sont récursives à nous sociétés, surtout à l'univers scolaire. Nous cherchons à mieux comprendre la façon dont il a été discursivement construit la représentation de «bon lecteur» et «lecteur idéal» pour ces étudiants. Grâce aux déclarations proférées nous voulons chercher les façon simbolique de coercition qui déterminent et contrôlent ce qu’on peut et ce qu’on doit dire sur la lécture et sur sois-mêmes en tant que lecteurs dans notre société. L'intérêt pour la recherche de ce lectorat est due à notre intêret comme institutrice et chercheuse de décrire ces discours sur la lecture propre à l’ambient de l'école, qui a la responsabilité d'enseigner, de former et de stimuler les pratiques de lecture. Si nous concevons l'école en tant que telle, nous concevous aussi qu’elle s’agit d’une institution idéale pour qu’on puisse étudier un bon nombre des représentations de la lecture, y compris celles que partagent les enseignants, les parents et les élèves, ainsi comme celles des théories et des approches qui expliquent cette pratique et qui sont formulés intra ou extra-muros d’école. Par conséquent, compte tenu de sa dimension collective, nous commençons l'analyse des pratiques déclarées de la lecture de ce groupe de jeunes lecteurs, dont les déclarations nous permettent de répondre d'une certaine identité sociale. En plus d'être considéré comme un espace d'institutionnalisation de la relation avec la lecture, l'école est également l'un d'où vient une grande partie de l'autorité du discours sur cette pratique. Le corpus de la recherche consistait des données recueillies grâce à un questionnaire composé de 21 questions / dissertation objectifs appliqués à 98 élèves, 3 écoles publiques de l’interieur de l’état de Minas Gerais, et aussi à trois entretiens avec des groupes de discussion des écoles participantes. L'analyse des données a été prises en charge, en général, a partir de l'approche de l'analyse du discours, et plus précisément des principes et des concepts du point de vue adopté par le philosophe Michel Foucault (2009,1999,2000). Nous utilisons également les principes de l'histoire culturelle de la lecture, selon les travaux de Roger Chartier (1999, 2002, 2012). Nos réflexions et analyses ont également été subventionnés par le travail des chercheurs de la langue et de l'éducation contemporaine engagée directement et systématiquement à la lécture au Brésil et les études du jeune lecteur, à savoir, Regina Zilberman (2015), Magda Soares (1998), Marcia Abreu (2001, 2009) João Luis Ceccantinni (2004, 2007, 2010), entre autres.