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Representações sociais de aprendizes de português em contexto sul-africano sobre a língua e a cultura do Brasil : subsídios para políticas de difusão e reflexões sobre o ensino de português no exterior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Silva, Caroline Veloso da; Viana, Nelson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8341450510718757
The Social representation is a way in which man signifies his social context transforming the new/strange/unknown into a familiar knowledge. The genesis of the Social Representation is intimately related to the communication processes according to the Social Representation Theory, in which speech has a fundamental role. Under a Bakhtinian perspective, the speech is the main element in verbal interaction, which, on the other hand, signifies the man’s world. Studying social representation inside the language-teaching universe implies understanding a range of images, ideological positions and social beliefs that learners have about a target language and culture. In order to discuss those issues inside the Portuguese teaching universe overseas, we have established as objective of this research: identifying representations concerning linguistic aspects (phonetics, grammar, lexis) to the social context of the Brazilian language and culture and analyze possible influences of contextual variables in the creation and/or transformation in the learners’ social representation. This is a qualitative approach research, and we used the following instruments to produce data: a questionnaire with a mix of open and closed questions, interviews with semi-structured script and field notes. The initial procedure was participant observation. The data was generated at Brazil-South Africa Cultural Centre and 15 Portuguese learners took part in the research. Aiming at analyzing the material, we categorized the data into three main axes: Brazil, Brazilians, and language/culture. Both the questionnaire data and the interview were categorized and grouped according with those three main axes. Nevertheless, the interviews generated a second grouping, which came from each axis. The categorization was organized from Bodgan and Biklen proposal about reference code elaboration. The results revealed structured social representations about Brazil and Brazilian people, anchored in images and perceptions publicized by media and explored by tourism industry; also in historical speeches comparing Brazil and South Africa, which are still broadcasted nowadays. Regards to Portuguese language, the results indicate an affective dimension of social representations, and also connection among Brazilian Portuguese /Brazilian people – German language/German people – Portuguese from Mozambique and Portugal. The understanding of social representations about Brazil, Brazilians and the Portuguese language / Brazilian culture in an international context should be considered in the elaboration of international policies for the diffusion of Portuguese language and Brazilian culture.
Cidade dos homens: etnografia de um salão masculino na periferia de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Diniz, Gregório Zambon; Rizek, Cibele Saliba; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0540870380815135; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5327778690218515
Under the sign of the heterogeneity of the peripheries, treated as territories of a city and all its complexities this dissertation seeks, at first, to describe the work itself and its methodologies markedly by my entry into the field through an ethnographic methodology, starting a research in a men's parlor located on the eastern outskirts of São Paulo. It is from this parlor, as well as my travels around the city, strongly marked by the use of trains and subways, that my central points of observation occur. In this sense, I discuss the normalities and daily life at the parlor, taking the four hairdressers as central individuals of the research. Thus, in addition to tracing their life trajectories, I tried to apprehend the knowledge from the stories I heard, tracing and analyzing, thus, the reasons and motivations for which individuals circulate in the city, the relativity of money, values and valuations, as well how to clarify a city of men.
Caracterização fitossociológica da comunidade de trepadeiras e sua rebrota após o corte em uma floresta estacional semidecídua degradada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Chi, Isaí Euán; Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4666873579374289
Forests in seasonal tropical regions are increasingly represented by degraded remnants, exposed to an overabundance of lianas, which inhibit the successional advance and are often managed by cutting. The research related to this dissertation was carried out in fragments of seasonal semideciduous forest degraded and dominated by linas, in the Vassununga State Park, in Santa Rita do Passa Quatro-SP, Atlantic Forest, Brazil. The dissertation has two chapters, the first one with the objective of characterizing the liana and tree communities in a degraded forest and the second chapter evaluating liana resprouting after cutting, in the rain and dry seasons. In chapter 1, biomass and the relationship of tree and liana communities’ attributes were evaluated in order to test the hypothesis that basal area and tree density are lower in areas where liana biomass and density is higher. Plots of 44 m x 45 m were installed, and trees with height ≥ 1 m were measured and accounted. In subplots of 3 m x 15 m, the lianas ≥ 0.5 cm in diameter were measured. Liana and tree biomass were calculated with pre-established allometric equations. We found 45 liana and 191 trees species. The total biomass (lianas plus trees) was 181.44 Mg. ha-1 . The density of vines was 12,523 ind. ha -1 and its biomass was 10.48 Mg. ha-1 (5.77% of the total). The density of trees was 840.37 ind. ha-1 and its biomass was 170.96 Mg. ha-1 (94.23% of the total). A ratio of 14.9 individuals of lianas per tree was found, as well as no correlation was between basal area and tree density with liana biomass. In the second chapter, 29 plots of 3 x 15 m were established, 12 plots with lianas cut in the rainy season and 17 in the dry season. The cut of lianas was made at a height of 1 m, in order to simply break the stem connection, without involving the removal of the cut material. In the dry season, the percentage of regrowth was 59% and in the rainy season 52%. The total number of resprouters was 2,178, 1,114 in the rainy and 1,056 in the dry season. The average number of resprouters per individual was 4.2 for the dry and 3.8 for the rainy season. The average length of resprouters was 47.36 cm for the dry and 45.48 cm for the rainy season. The average diameter of the resprouters was 0.29 cm for the dry and 0.28 for the rainy season. All these results did not differ between seasons. The diametric category with the highest number of resprouters was the intermediate (2.5 cm ≤ DBH < 5 cm, with 3.9 sprouts), followed by the small (0.5 cm ≤ DBH< 2.5 cm, 3) and the largest (≥ 5 cm DAP, 1.7). Similar results were four for data regarding resprouters length and diameter. Resprouting varied among species and, in general, the season of the year does not influence resprouting. The results help to better understand the balance between richness and biomass of trees in degraded fragments and the response of hyperabundant lianas to management, supporting conservation and restoration actions in these forests
A nucleação escolar no assentamento Vila Amazônia em Parintins/AM e a precarização das condições de acesso, permanência e qualidade social da educação no campo.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Souza, Rosana Ramos de; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0007922442999427
This work arose from my restlessness at the inequalities in educational supply for populations living in the regions furthest from urban nuclei in the Amazon region. In family life and with known people, in social relations built in schools and at work, there is a fragility of knowledge about our own educational reality and, especially, about the schools of the field. In this perspective, the thesis defended here is that the inauguration and functioning of a nucleated school do not guarantee access, student stay and social quality of education; on the contrary: by making rural school transport as the only way to access the school, the government does not guarantee the resources and conditions necessary for satisfactory learning of students who live and study in the field. The work is based on the historical, political, economic and cultural study, in an attempt to understand the multiple determinations that configure education in the field, in the nucleated schools of the Vila Amazônia Settlement. The research seeks to analyze the nucleation process and its reflections on access, permanence and social quality of education offered to students in the Vila Amazônia Settlement in Parintins. In line with this purpose, it was up to us to analyze the interrelationship of the State and social movements at the national level in the guidelines, programs and actions managed for the schools of the field; identify the problems arising from the displacement of students (land and river route) to nucleated schools and their impacts on educational indicators; and analyze educational policies for the field, in the Amazonian context, having as object the nucleated schools of the Vila Amazônia Settlement. The methodological course occurred through bibliographic research, data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, on-site visit, observations, microdata analysis of the School Census, Ideb, income and data on age-grade distortion available on the QEdu platform. Managers, residents and leaders of the respective communities surveyed were interviewed, technicians responsible for the Coordination of Rural Education, the coordinator of Rural School Transport and the former Secretary of Education, who served at the head of the implementation of nucleated schools in the late 1990s. Nucleation was expanded in Brazil as opposed to the weaknesses of the multiserial classes; however, it turns out that it causes two problems: first, it closes schools in communities; and, second, does not guarantee rural school transport with quality, punctuality and safety. Nucleation requires the operation of school transport, without transportation the student's access is unfeasible; recurring paralizations may be found, whether due to lack of fuel, payment of carriers or maintenance of buses and intrafecability of the road, factors that directly compromise the social quality of education. It is pointed out the need to readjust the school calendar in an alternation regime, in order to reduce the negative impacts during the rainy season, a period in which greater difficulties occur in transport. This action is aimed at demonstrating the Community, through the mobilization of social movements with the Municipal Council of Education and SEMED, considering that the road has been without paving for decades, without objective manifestation, concrete manifestation of rulers of the federal, state or municipal levels to improve the living conditions of the population living in the settlement, as well as enable conditions for access, permanence and social quality of education to students.
SEnsembles – uma abordagem para melhorar a qualidade das correspondências de instâncias disjuntas em estudos observacionais explorando características idênticas e ensembles de regressores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Borges Junior, Sergio Ricardo; Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073; Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5342428610131873
Introduction. The datasets used in observational studies have instances belonging to two distinct groups (i.e. treatment group and control group), which are compared in order to estimate the effect of the treatment over the results. For such, in one of the approaches, called Propensity Score Matching (PSM), the propensity score for the instances of both groups is estimated and, subsequently, the correspondence of these instances is performed based on the values for the propensity score. The propensity score is the probability of attribution of a treatment based on the observed characteristics (e.g. income, sex and age). In this context, the logistic regression is widely used to estimate the propensity score and there is an great variety of instance correspondence methods. Objective. This doctor´s thesis has as its main objective to investigate computational alternatives in order to improve the quality of the instance correspondence in datasets that are manipulated in observational studies. Methodology. Techniques that estimate the propensity score and methods to perform the instance correspondence in observational studies were investigated. Thus, it was possible to investigate how the identical characteristics of the instances could be exploited in a new process to perform correspondence and, how ensembles could substitute the logistic regression by estimating the propensity scores of the instances, in the context of the PSM process. Proposal. This thesis proposes a new approach in the context of the PSM process, called “SEnsembles”, which aims to improve the quality of instance correspondence based on two main processes, which use techniques that separately consider the identical characteristics of the instances and the ensembles of regressors, more precisely, bagging, random forest and boosting. Results. The proposed approach “SEnsembles” improves the quality of the instance correspondence for the majority of calipers used (i.e. zero, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30) when compared to the baseline Nearest Neighbor Matching (NNM). Based on the experiments, when there was an improvement over the baseline, the technique that separates the identical characteristics of the instances presented improvements of up to 53.8% in the quality of correspondence, with an average of gains of 12.1%; and only 2.7% of average in the reduction of the number of pairs of instances matched. The technique which substituted the logistic regression for ensembles of regressors, in turn, presented the best correspondence with the caliper zero and with the values 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30, with improvements of up to 36.3% and an average of gains of 12.7%; and a slightly reduction of 7.6% in the number of pairs of instances matched.
Dinâmica de colisões eletrônicas com moléculas orgânicas voláteis: seções de choque de ionização e diferenciais elásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Silva, Luis Augusto da; Homem, Manoel Gustavo Petrucelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2059356773212608; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7948353783833496
ELECTRONIC COLLISIONS WITH VOLATILE ORGANIC MOLECULES: IONIZATION AND ELASTIC DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS. In this work we report an experimental investigation of the dissociative ionization processes induced by electron impact in tetrahydrofuran molecules (THF). Specifically, total ionization cross sections (TICS) and partial ionization cross sections (PICS) were determined in the 10 to 800 eV energy range. Also, same energy range differential cross sections (DCS) were measured for the elastic scattering of electrons for various volatile organic species: acetone, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde and dimethyl disulfide. The experiments were performed using a Time-Of-Flight (TOF) mass spectrometer and an electron scattering spectrometer, both developed at the Laboratory of Electronic and Photonic Collisions (LCEF) of the Department of Chemistry at UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil. The absolute values of the cross sections were obtained by the relative flow technique (RFT). Except for the TICS of THF molecule, there are not previous data reported in the literature for comparison with our results. The present experimental data were compared with results obtained in the theoretical frame of the Binary EncounterBethe (BEB), calculations performed in the frame of the independent atoms model (IAM) and other calculated results available in the literature. Compared with BEB results our experimental TICS are systematically higher, but in good agreement with other previous experimental data available. Our DCS experimental data, in general show good agreement with the theoreticals results.
Regressão binária nas abordagens clássica e bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Fernandes, Amélia Milene Correia; Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5662278850972757
The objective of this work is to study the binary regression model under the frequentist and Bayesian approaches using the probit, logit, log-log complement, Box-Cox transformation and skewprobit as link functions. In the classical approach we presented assumpti- ons and procedures used in the regression modeling. We verified the accuracy of the estimated parameters by building confidence intervals and conducting hypothesis tests. In the Bayesian appro- ach we made a comparative study using two methodologies. For the first methodology, we considered non-informative prior dis- tributions and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to estimate the model. In the second methodology we used auxiliary variables to obtain the known a posteriori distribution, allowing the use of the Gibbs Sampler algorithm. However, the introduction of these auxiliary variables can generate correlated values and needs the use of clustering of unknown quantities in blocks to reduce the autocorrelation. In the simulation study we used the AIC and BIC information criteria to select the most appropriate model and we evaluated whether the coverage probabilities of the confidence interval is in agre- ement with that expected by the asymptotic theory. In Bayesian approach we found that the inclusion of auxiliary variables in the model results in a more efficient algoritm according to the MSE, MAPE and SMAPE criteria. In this work we also present applications to two real datasets. The first dataset used is the variation of the Ibovespa and variation of the daily value of the American dollar at the time of closing the 2013 to 2016. The second dataset, used is an educational data set (INEP-2013), where we are interested in studying the factors that infuence the approval of the student.
Modelagem da dinâmica espacial do uso da terra para o município de São Carlos : condições pretéritas e futuras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Stanganini, Fábio Noel; Lollo, José Augusto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600
Urban area growth intensification process of São Carlos’s county has been quickly rising over the years and without helpful elements on planning and management of these areas, leading changes on spatial dynamic, and significant changes on environmental conditioning and consequently in natural landscape. This work aims an historical and temporal construction of land’s use and occupation through an analysis during a period of 30 years by means of LANDSAT satellite images 4, 5, 7 e 8 with the sensors MMS, TM, TM+ e OLI, concomitantly was build through these analysis a little perspective of future sceneries for the years of 2020 and 2030 through the DINAMICA EGO’s software, totalizing a period of 50 years of study about urban area growth process. The tesis, based on obtained data of 1980, 1990, 2000 e 2010, had demonstrated the area situation on this time period and immediate surroundings of the city regarding land’s use and occupation, divided in 5 classes of use, being them, exposed soil, agricultural area, vegetation, urban area and hydrography, by means of informations’ classification and visual interpretation. Were developed thematic cards that will help on the provided scenarios build and the future frames in a little period of time. The results point out that, like the population rises, vehicles rise and consequently generating environmental’s degradation and impacts almost irreversible due to intense occupation form. Another important factor is the pressure above natural resources, especially vegetation and water resources. The historical approach and the modeling process of spatial information with a provided view of future scenarios provides subsidies to understand the land’s use transformation, like the hydrography sub basin’s occupation, floods, urban water drain, lost of vegetation and waterproofing increase, generating this way a technical device for future interventions and decision-making of local public power.
Uso de canciones en educación media para la enseñanza del idioma inglés en Tegucigalpa, Honduras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Obando, Katya Alejandra Mejía; Bittar, Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5291391394346627
The following research was carried out in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, specifically at high school level in public schools. The objective of this research is to know, through surveys, the teachers´ and students’ perceptions, about the use of songs in English teaching. This research is divided into three chapters the first called educational stage of Honduras, in which the its describe the location of the Central American country, as well as a brief description of the economic and social situation of the country. In addition, it describes how the education system in Honduras is organized based on the National Basic Curriculum (CNB), also defines the purpose of each educational level, with an emphasis on the high school level. The second chapter is about the English teaching methodology, and the relevance in Honduras. It also explains the proper use of English songs to increase the four basic skills of a language (listening, speaking, reading and writing). The third and final chapter shows the data analysis about the surveys applied in high school level to teachers and students. At the end of the third chapter it is suggested a didactic proposal based on the songs mentioned by teachers and students.
GARMA models, a new perspective using Bayesian methods and transformations
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Andrade, Breno Silveira de; Andrade Filho, Marinho Gomes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4126245980112687; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2060946751027537
Generalized autoregressive moving average (GARMA) models are a class of models that was developed for extending the univariate Gaussian ARMA time series model to a flexible observation-driven model for non-Gaussian time series data. This work presents the GARMA model with discrete distributions and application of resampling techniques to this class of models. We also proposed The Bayesian approach on GARMA models. The TGARMA (Transformed Generalized Autoregressive Moving Average) models was proposed, using the Box-Cox power transformation. Last but not least we proposed the Bayesian approach for the TGARMA (Transformed Generalized Autoregressive Moving Average).
Comparação de sistemas agroflorestais em assentamentos rurais: estudo de caso nos municípios de Bonito e Ponta Porã - MS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Francisco, Priscila Maria Silva; Padovan, Milton Parron; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4843998426062045; Schlindwein, Marcelo Nivert; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9690898537150950; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3852644477791588
In an area with high biodiversity of the native vegetation of savannah and Atlantic forest as the studied areas of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, the systems agroflorestais should present models to propitiate the maintenance of that biodiversity and guarantee the family farmers' alimentary sovereignty. In that expectation, it was aimed at in this study to compare the implantation and transport of systems agroflorestais among two areas with different ecotones, in order to recognize potentialities to promote the recovery of degraded areas. For the collection of data an itinerary half structured was applied containing closed and open subjects. The lifted up information in the units of production refer to items as: i) the farmers' characterization as for the socket of decision as for the handling of SAFs and to the size of the unit of production and of SAF; ii) implantation of the systems: reasons of the implantation and objectives; iii) I handle of the system agroflorestal; iv) commercialization; v) technical support; and I saw) public politics disputed by the farmers that supported the implementation of SAFs of agroecological bases. The obtained data were systematized and analyzed in the Software Statistical Package goes Social the Sciences. SPSS. It was contacted that, the ecorregiões the socket of decision as for the handling of the system it leaves of the masculine gender, that you/they need improvements in relation to the technical support and of support and incentives for investment in infrastructure to process the production originating from of the systems agroflorestais in order to join value to the final product. The insert type to the market and the government's programs like PAA and PNAE influences strongly in those farmers' income, therefore they are necessary public politics that you/they think the production and the commercialization of the products, offering support for the construction of fairer markets.
Um framework interativo para validação de resultados de pesquisas de otimização baseados em heurísticas aplicadas a problemas de programação de tarefas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-12-16) Oliveira, Ronaldo Castro de; Tavares Neto, Roberto Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6954662222457389; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6338660752822712; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-6633
When evaluating researches using heuristics and metaheuristics is perceived that there is a lack of standardization in the analysis and representation of the output results. Some works in this area presents only tabulated results with analysis based on mean and standard deviation values. Other works shows also graphs that allow a visual analysis of the results, but lacking a statistical analysis to reach conclusions. In a few works, it can be perceived the concern about in conducting a statistical analysis that can be able to provide more conclusive information, such as parametric and non-parametric analysis. This lack of standardization makes it difficult to compare related researches with the same goals. In addition, researchers are compelled to use ad-hoc approaches to demonstrate advantages and disadvantages of new techniques developed. This study proposes an implementation of a researches development process using optimization based on heuristics and meta-heuristics for solving scheduling problems of production engineering, focusing on statistical validation of output results. The validation of this process is achieved by developing implementation of a computational framework that provides support to comparison benchmarks, parameterization of algorithmic solutions analyzed, execution of the algorithmic solutions based on heuristics with storage of results and full allowance for statistical analysis from the output results.