Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2017-02-10"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 14507

O PROFMAT e as relações distintivas no campo da matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-10)
Farias, José Vilani de
;
Vilela, Denise Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3915260629619142
Several national and international studies have addressed the teacher training model in the past decades. A large number of educators, including mathematics teachers, have focused on the theme of mathematics teacher training in Basic Education seeking to discuss, among other topics, the necessary knowledge for teaching practice. In this context, changes in the Brazilian legislation and the institutional support of the government were also observed - factors that fostered teacher training courses with the aim of improving education in the country. The Professional Master's Degree Course in Mathematics (Profmat) is among these initiatives. The Profmat came into force in 2011, having in-service Basic Education mathematics teachers as their target audience. The choice of Profmat as the object of this study is justified because of its size and scope: the number of students enrolled and trained; the number of participating institutions; the Program investment, which exceeds that of other professional master‘s degree courses, including the granting of scholarships. This choice is also justified because Profmat was designed and implemented, and is administered by the Brazilian Mathematical Society (SBM) and the National Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics (Impa), that is, by professional mathematicians who do not develop research addressing teacher training and do not establish interlocution with researchers in this area. The following questions are posed with reference to studies on teacher training: If the scope of this Program is justified by the need and importance to enhance the ability of teachers in favor of Basic Education, how to justify it if the emphasis of this professional course is in mathematics education aiming more comprehensive knowledge on specific contents and with few disciplines focused on the discussion of educational problems? How to justify the fact that a program with this characteristic - not attending the demands of in-service teachers - become a model for other programs in other areas, such as Physics, Languages, History, etc.? To this end, the theory of Pierre Bourdieu with the concepts of habitus, field, and capital was used. The sociological investigation, based on the notion of mathematics field, allowed the understanding of Profmat as a strategy to value a way of seeing and doing specific mathematics that, owing to its distance from the teaching practice, does not contemplate the specificities and does not meet the needs of teacher practice.
Eefeitos de posicionamentos em “tilt” e “recline” na distribuição da pressão no assento de pessoas com tetraplegia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-10)
Gradim, Luma Carolina Câmara
;
Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6753297003669861
The development of pressure ulcers (PU) in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) is a relevant factor and directly affects the health. Several preventive methods in a wheelchair have been researched for pressure relief, health promotion and disease prevention, such as PU. Some methods such as seating positioning system, different cushions and variable positions as tilt and recline seating systems, are most commonly used to relieve the pressure, and have been studied and achieved significant results for people with SCI in wheelchair. This study aims, thus, to evaluate the pressure redistribution buttock interface / cushion in areas susceptible to UP (sacrum, ischia) for the positions of tilt and recline in the wheelchair, in people with tetraplegia by spinal cord injury. In order to proceed to the research, we analyzed five people of both sexes with tetraplegia by LM, between 18 and 60 years. Was used a characterization form, a wheelchair simulator, ROHO ®High Profile Quadtro Select ™ cushion, a pressure mapping system, adaptations to the simulator and a questionnaire of satisfaction with the use of tilt and recline systems. As results, the pressure relief in the buttocks was better in higher angles, such as 10 ° tilt with 120 ° of recline, 20 ° tilt with 120 ° of recline and 30° tilt with 120° recline. But, even the smaller angulation positions resulted in pressure relief. Therefore, our results indicate that a greater angle of tilt and recline is needed to improve pressure redistribution compared to smaller angles. A position of 30° tilt combined with 120° recline is effective in relieving pressure on the ischial tuberosities and the buttocks.
As práticas de intervenção precoce no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-10)
Marini, Bruna Pereira Ricci
;
Della Barba, Patrícia Carla de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6448489426438006
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2001819857612181
Early Intervention is constituted as an important tool for prevention, identification and intervention in conditions that offer risks to child development. Since the emergence of the first programs dating back to the 1960s, there were a number of conceptual and theoretical developments which culminated in the recognition of the systemic, ecological and family-centered model, as it produces better effects. In Brazil, the Early Intervention practices appear to develop highly focused on the needs of children, prioritizing interventions guided in their problems and developed from a rehabilitative model. It also observes that, despite the relevance of the theme, the scientific literature is scarce, which points to the need for further investigation. In this context, this study aimed to identify the practices developed by the Early Intervention services for children from zero to five years, in the state of São Paulo. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Participants were selected through non-probability sampling for convenience, in the case of professional staff working in services for children between zero and five years, located in the area covered by the Programa São Paulo pela Primeiríssima Infância. The study was developed in two stages, the first identification and characterization of early intervention services and the second identification of early intervention practices developed for services previously selected from the first stage. Data were collected through questionnaires (first stage) and interview (second stage). For the analysis of data from the questionnaires was used the methodology of descriptive statistics and analysis of the interviews content analysis methodology, the thematic analysis mode. The results of this study corroborate with the descriptions in the national scientific literature showing that Early Intervention practices remain being developed within the rehabilitation model, geared to the deficits presented by the children. In this context, the participation of families in the services proved to be limited because of the hegemonic role played by professionals in relation to the intervention process. It also revealed the existence of differences between the recommended practices in the child care networks and those that, in fact, are developed by the services. Regarding the existence of practices implemented in the natural context of the child, the results showed that these have been limited to observations and guidelines. Finally, the study identified a number of gaps in the process of training and continuing education of professionals that working in Early Intervention, a factor that can directly impact on the quality and the implemented practice model. From these results, the possibilities and challenges for the approximation between current practices and those recommended internationally are discussed, based on IP literature and national child care policies.
Uso da técnica laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) para análise direta de ligas metálicas: estratégias de normalização, calibração univariada e multivariada e modelos de classificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-10)
Castro, Jeyne Pricylla de
;
Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6327313723314696
This academic master's dissertation was devoted to the development of analytical methods for the determination of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti, V and Zn in alloys and steels. The main purpose of the study was to present the Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as a viable alternative for the direct analysis of alloys and steels using chemometric tools to interpret the obtained data. Initially, the optimization of the parameters of the LIBS equipment was done using Doehlert design, varying the laser energy in 7 levels (30 to 80 mJ), delay time in 5 levels (0 to 2 μs) and spot size in 3 levels (50 to 150 μm). The chosen compromise condition was 60 mJ of energy, 0.9 μs of delay time and 100 μm of spot size, which were applied to 80 samples. The reference values of the analytes were obtained using the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) technique for the construction of calibration models.To minimize signal variations and sample matrix differences, twelve normalization modes were tested and two calibration strategies were studied: multivariate calibration using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and univariate calibration using area and height of several emission lines. Thus, we search to identify the best mode of normalization, emission line and calibration strategy for each analyte. For most analytes, there was no significant difference between the normalization modes and also between the univariate and multivariate calibration. Classification models were applied to identify the samples in 3 different groups. K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and Partial-least squares-discriminant analysis PLS-DA were used in 3 different matrices: concentrations obtained using XRF, height and area of the LIBS emission lines (total of 57 emission lines). When comparing the models, some merit figures were evaluated, such as accuracy, sensitivity, false alarm rate and specificity. The classification model that obtained the best results was KNN. As a conclusion of the work, factorial design was useful to obtain an adequate analysis condition for all analytes and samples simultaneously, saving time and resources. Normalization modes were effective to minimize signal variations and differences in sample matrices. Univariate models were more satisfactory than multivariate models. In the case of classification models, it was possible to identify the samples, being the KNN model more efficient than the others.
Refusão superficial a laser da liga com memória de forma Cu-11,8Al-3,2Ni-3Mn (% Peso)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-10)
Silva, Murillo Romero da
;
Gargarella, Piter
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4641435644243916
;
Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Shape memory alloys (SMA) are alloys that undergo martensitic transformation due to an external solicitation (temperature, stress, strain or magnetic field) and are capable of recovering permanent deformation when heated above a critical temperature. The most used shape memory alloys are Ti-Ni- and Cu-based. Cu-based SMA have some advantages due to better thermal and electrical conductivity, lower production cost and are easier to process. The main disadvantage of Cu-based SMA is its low ductility. This property is improved by decreasing the grain size and by a reduction of microstructural heterogeneities. This can be achieved at the surface of structural components after LASER remelting, through which the surface of the material is remelted by a LASER beam and solidifies under extremely high cooling rates. In this context, the aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of LASER surface remelting in the microstructure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of Cu-11.8Al-3.2Ni-3Mn (wt. %) SMA plates obtained by suction casting. The samples were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray computed tomography, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry as well as by tensile and microhardness tests. The results show that small shifts in the transformation temperatures occur due to the LASER treatment. It was observed that only the monoclinic β’1 martensitic phase formed in the as cast and LASER treated samples. The LASER treatment provided an improvement in mechanical properties with an increase of up to 162 MPa in fracture stress, up to 2.2% in fracture strain and up to 21 HV in microhardness when compared with the as-cast sample. This makes the surface remelting treatment a promising method for improving the mechanical properties of Cu-based SMA.
SOM4SImD : um método semântico baseado em ontologia para detectar similaridade entre documentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-13)
Arruda, Claudineia Gonçalves de
;
Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4679260513752472
In several research areas, interviews are a means of obtaining data widely used by researchers. These interviews are arranged, in most cases, in several documents and have an informal language, because they are conversations between several people at the same time. Analyzing such documents is an arduous and time-consuming task, bringing fatigue and difficulties to a correct analysis. One solution for analyzing this type of interview is to group documents according to the similarity between them, so that experts can analyze documents of similar subjects more quickly. In this way, this work presents the method SOM4SImD, created to detect the semantic similarity between the documents composed by interviews with an informal language written in Brazilian Portuguese. In order to create this method, an ontology of the same document domain was used, which allowed the use of the formal terms of the ontology, along with its synonyms and variants, to perform the semantic annotation in the documents and to calculate the similarity between the interview pairs. Through the created method, a SimIGroup approach was developed that assists the researchers in the qualitative analysis of the documents, using Coding technique. The results show that the SOM4SImD method and the SimIGroup approach reduce the difficulties and fatigue in the analysis of the documents made by the annotators, helping to increase the number of documents analyzed. In addition, the SOM4SImD method was more advantageous in obtaining similarity between documents than the others found in the literature, reaching significant values for the performance measures, with 0.96 accuracy, 0.93 of recall and 0.94 of F-Mensure.
SparkBLAST : utilização da ferramenta Apache Spark para a execução do BLAST em ambiente distribuído e escalável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-13)
Castro, Marcelo Rodrigo de
;
Senger, Hermes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3691742159298316
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8688712033943534
With the evolution of next generation sequencing devices, the cost for obtaining genomic data has significantly reduced. With reduced costs for sequencing, the amount of genomic data to be processed has increased exponentially. Such data growth supersedes the rate at which computing power can be increased year after year by the hardware and software evolution. Thus, the higher rate of data growth in bioinformatics raises the need for exploiting more efficient and scalable techniques based on parallel and distributed processing, including platforms like Clusters, and Cloud Computing. BLAST is a widely used tool for genomic sequences alignment, which has native support for multicore-based parallel processing. However, its scalability is limited to a single machine. On the other hand, Cloud computing has emerged as an important technology for supporting rapid and elastic provisioning of large amounts of resources. Current frameworks like Apache Hadoop and Apache Spark provide support for the execution of distributed applications. Such environments provide mechanisms for embedding external applications in order to compose large distributed jobs which can be executed on clusters and cloud platforms. In this work, we used Spark to support the high scalable and efficient parallelization of BLAST (Basic Local Alingment Search Tool) to execute on dozens to hundreds of processing cores on a cloud platform. As result, our prototype has demonstrated better performance and scalability then CloudBLAST, a Hadoop based parallelization of BLAST.
Ensino itinerante na educação infantil : investigando as práticas docentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-13)
Anunciação, Lívia Maria Ribeiro Leme
;
Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0709258031384024
The general objective of the research was to investigate with teachers who work in itinerant teaching as teaching practices are given in relation to children with Down syndrome. The specific objectives proposed were: (i) to identify the relationship between itinerant teacher of Infant Education and student with Down Syndrome in Infant Education as well as educational-pedagogical practices in the promotion of itinerant teaching in this stage of basic education, (ii) Itinerant teaching occurs in Early Childhood Education, and (iii) describe how educational practices occur in the school context. The research was set up in an exploratory and descriptive case study that was carried out in a medium-sized city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, in the Municipal Education Network in the first stage of basic education, Early Childhood Education. Five special education teachers working in itinerant teaching in pre-primary schools participated in the study, as well as five students with Down syndrome enrolled in Early Childhood Education. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted individually. After the interview stage the teachers' teaching practice with children with Down syndrome were observed and recorded in a field diary. The results indicate that roaming is a service of Special Education, occurs in Early Childhood Education to assist inclusive educational processes, the itinerant teacher evaluates the student. Teachers attend two to three schools per week. Only one teacher indicated no negatives in the roaming service. The others point out that the number of schools attended and the lack of links with the school unit are difficulties encountered in establishing itinerant teaching. The service has a characteristic work with the teacher of regular education, however there are obstacles in this process, such as lack of regular teacher education about the deficiencies and lack of previous contact with the teacher of regular education for planning. The itinerant teaching occurs in activities together with the teacher of the regular education when providing pedagogic support, nevertheless exist practices and opportunities by the individualized teaching. Professor of itinerant teaching not only serves children with disabilities, but according to demand, also serves children with behavioral disorders and special educational needs. Another obstacle encountered is the lack of material resources for adaptation activities and available own funds to purchase materials. The roaming service consists of relating / adapting the pedagogical practices with the teacher of regular education, contact with the family, direct action with the student and referral to the community. In the observations, it was possible to observe constant mediation of the itinerant teacher in the pedagogical practices, unrelated to the regular teaching teacher. The absence of the students in the school was an obstacle to the accomplishment of all the stages of the observation. It was verified that recurrent health problems result in absence of the school environment in Early Childhood Education.
Gestão de projetos em um centro de pesquisa : diagnóstico e implantação de práticas para a agilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-13)
Piccirillo, Isabela Neto
;
Silva, Sérgio Luis da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4164265591178698
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1071661505455945
Research centers are important for technologies development whose results could be innovative products. One of the difficulties that have arisen is in developing research projects with different professors in a multidisciplinary environment. Many authors have written about the importance project management skills, techniques and practices in research centers, but few show their applications and impacts. An action research was conducted to verify and select the root causes related to the challenges of project management in an international research center (Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials) through the Current Reality Tree. One of the main root causes found was about the lack of knowledge in project management methodology to elaborating multidisciplinary projects involving the transformation of a technology studied in an innovative product. Therefore, workshops were held to apply the Technology Roadmapping (TRM) and the product vision in a project that develops and intends to transform an innovative technology into a product. In addition, the Kanban approach was introduced for planning its main activities. The results from these applications of action research as well as the researchers' perception are discussed in detail.
The Crow (1994): James O'Barr revisto por Alex Proyas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-13)
Fiori, Fernando Martins
;
Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6860194232839227
This work investigates the process of creation and transposition between two artistic works, presenting the dialogue between the language of comics and cinema. The main corpus consists of the grahic novel, The Crow (1988), conceived by James O'Barr, and its transposition for the cinema, in 1994, under the direction of Alex Proyas. It will be approached ancient myths and other representations, such as the poem, The Raven, by Edgar Allan Poe, that involve the symbolism of crow in different languages. Somehow, they interfere and are relevant for the chosen corpus. The methodology consists, mainly, of the books Gesto Inacabado (1998) by Cecilia Almeida Salles and Intersemiotic Translation (2013) by Júlio Plaza.
Simulação computacional em escala microestrutural de compósitos cerâmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-13)
Luchini, Bruno
;
Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
;
Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
The study of ceramic composites assisted by computer simulation is well spread nowadays. It is an interest of the ceramic industry the development of materials models trustfully enough to reduce cost with prototypes and virtually explore an infinitude of materials compositions and thermomechanical loads. The mismatch of thermal and mechanical properties among the composite’s phases may induce decohesions or cracks after temperature variation. The computer modeling of this behavior could auxiliate the planning of the systems’ composition, as it becomes possible to evaluate the influence of the concentration of an specific constituent on the global behavior. The present dissertation aims to analyze the role of the geometrical feature, such as inclusion radius and volume fraction, in the composite behavior submitted to temperature variation. It was also analyzed the application of coesive elements to simulate the cracking phenomena in ceramic systems. The main results of this dissertation were not only the thermomechanical properties influence on the global behavior of ceramic systems, but also the construction of finite element models that might be usefull to others reseachers on the investigation of the thermomechancial behavior of distincts ceramic systems.
Conflitos, violências escolares e reconhecimento social : concepções de educandos e educadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-13)
Gomes, Ronaldo Martins
;
Luiz, Maria Cecília
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7425361719028650
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0047194253283912
This research approached theoretical references such as the theory of social recognition; the theory of social conflict; conflict theory and sociology of experience in order to answer the research questions: what are the contributions of these theories when we deal with conflicts in society in general and in the public school in particular? How do conflicts and violence take place in school spaces? How do educators and learners understand and coexist with conflicts and violence? An empirical part was carried out in two public schools of two cities of the interior of São Paulo. The objectives of the research were: to understand the conflicts and conflicts or violence from the perspective of the aforementioned theories and to analyze these theoretical references with the understanding about conflicts and violence, regarding educators (teachers and managers) and students and how these situations have been happening in the everyday reality of school. As a methodological procedure, we used focus groups: one with educators (teachers and managers) and the other with older students who were in high school or EJA, performing three meetings in each group. We understand, through the sociological theory of social conflict that relations of a democratic nature as dissent rather than consensus can be distorted by relations of power and political and economic dominance. Also, through the conception of students and educators that the understanding of violence was differentiated, and this harmed the communication and the agreements drawn between the subjects in the school. The sociology of experience has enabled us to understand that the significant social, scientific and technological transformations characteristic of the twentieth century incite divergences and conflict between generations, compromising social relations in the public space, such as the school, which encompasses a great number of differences, potentially becoming a source of conflict. Social conflicts are not a priori situations of violence, but rather, they reveal interests and desires that permeate social relations, and have the potential to be productive for the community if the issues involved are clear.
Influência de diferentes posturas sentadas e nível de controle de tronco no movimento de alcance em lactentes a termo e pré-termo tardios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-13)
Sato, Natália Tiemi da Silva
;
Tudella, Eloisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8437359810199326
Aims: To identify the level of trunk control and to analyse the influence of sitting posture in a ring and seated with flexion at 90º in infants born late preterm infants with corrected age, and at term between 6 and 8 months with the support manual exact of trunk during reaching. Methods: A longitudinal study was performed with 36 full- term infants and 20 infants born preterm infants at 6-8 months of corrected age. The infants were submitted to three evaluations monthly: 1) Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo), to identify the exact level of trunk control of infants; 2) assesssment of reaching movement, using kinematics; And 3) Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) to assess motor control of infants and to ensure the minimum 25th percentile for full-term infants. For the kinematic analysis, the infants were placed on a table in the sitting posture in a ring and seated with flexion at 90º of hip, knee and ankle. All infants during the reaching analysis received the exact and necessary manual support in the trunk according to the control level of each infant evaluated through the SATCo. To elicit reaching, an attractive, malleable or rigid object was presented on the midline, 45 ° to the right and 45 ° to the left of the infant's body. The total time of evaluation in each sitting posture was 2 minutes. It was considered variable full reaching frequency on the right, left and midline, and spatio-temporal variables to the right, left and midline (movement unit, straightness index, deceleration index, duration of movement, mean velocity, velocity peak, and trunk displacement. Results: Late preterm infants with corrected age were found to have lower trunk control compared to full-term infants at all ages evaluated. The level of trunk control presented a progressive and descending (cephalo-caudal) order with increasing age in both groups. The reaching frequency was greater at 6 months in the seated ring posture and at 7 and 8 months in the seated posture with 90 ° flexion in both groups. The sitting posture in a ring and with 90 ° flexion did not influence the kinematic variables, except for the right and midline velocity peak, and the trunk displacement to the right. On the other hand, significant differences between group and time were observed. The preterm group presented a higher number of movement units, lower, straightness index, higher average velocity and peak velocity, and lower trunk displacement in comparison to infants full term. In both groups, the spatio-temporal reaching variables improved over time, that is, older infants (8 months) presented lower number of movement units and higher straightness índex compared to younger infants (6 months). Conclusion: Late preterm infants had lower levels of trunk control compared to full-term infants. The postures seated in a ring and seated with 90 ° flexion did not influence the reaching behavior in the late term and preterm infants, since, the exact and necessary manual support was provided in the trunk of the infants, according to the level of control, evaluated through of SATCo. Thus, when the infant received the necessary manual trunk support, the different sitting postures did not influence the reaching behavior. Finally, preterm infants with corrected age, had less rectilinear, non-fluid and immature reaches compared to full-term infants at all ages evaluated. Reaches have become more mature over time, especially in full- erm infants.
Formação em fisioterapia no Estado de São Paulo : uma análise de cursos públicos à luz das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-14)
Sasaki, Katia Tamae
;
Aquilante, Aline Guerra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108
;
Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513
The present study had as objective to analyze how the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) are contemplated in the Pedagogical Projects of Courses (PPC) of graduation in Physical Therapy of the Public Universities of the State of São Paulo as well as the perception by the coordinators of the courses. It is a research of a qualitative nature, with an interpretive-explanatory purpose. The PPCs of the five courses were analyzed through a documentary collection and, later treated through a documentary analysis according to the analytical categories constructed as a methodological tool of a platform of research from two axes: Curriculum and Professional Profile. The collection also included the semi structured interview with the coordinators of the Physiotherapy courses was composed of questions that elucidated how the assumptions of the DCN present in the PPC applies in the curricular activities. The information collected in the interviews was analyzed according to Content Analysis (CA) in the thematic analysis modality. The Curricular Axis was able to demonstrate that most curricula reflect conservative conceptions, organized by fragmented disciplines as well as didactic activities and traditional learning methodologies; Basically consisting of learning processes based on the transmission of knowledge with a biological focus on health, with a predominance of the reproduction of hegemonic practices of the traditional approach to knowledge, through teacher-centered teaching methodologies, which does not articulate with the profile of the Egress and professional profile present in PPCs. Two PPCs, however, have built strategies throughout their curricular implementation process, advancing the proposals of the DCN, one of which informs that it seeks to articulate the disciplinary educational object for the development of competence, to promote changes in professional practices with models of overcoming the traditions derived from the minimal curricula, in the challenge of constructing an innovative pedagogical project. In the Professional Profile the courses contemplate in their PPC the professional profile advocated by the DCN and some indicate a greater focus for the area of the health care having the SUS as a great scenario and in relation to the Management in Health and Education in Health most of the courses only report these categories in the objectives of the course. The report of the coordinators was fundamental for critical reflection, deepening the analysis of how this formation has been occurring and indicate the current situation of curricula that require reformulation and updates that promote changes in professional practices.
Caracterização da gestão e avaliação de Programas de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho no setor público : um estudo multicaso em instituições públicas de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-14)
Mello, Kemilly Bianca de
;
Pedro, Wilson José Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8135701448186851
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8614808357673501
The deployment of programs relative to quality of working life (QWL) in the public sector is increasing, emphasazing the concern with the employees in the professional and personal aspects. This essay recognized the relevance of QWL and its actions in these organizations and analyzed the quality of working life programs (QWLP) in three public universities in the geographic area DRSIII-Araraquara. To achieve this, it was made a multicase study to understand the management of QWL e how QWLP are evaluated. For a better comprehension of the QWL and QWLP, it was presented a theoretical material about the issues and themes that involve its main concepts and approaches, the relevant legislation, the QWL programs and its respective evaluation strategies, furthermore, the QWL was showned in the public sector context. It was used a theoretical, empirical, descriptive and explanatory metodology with documental analysis and field research. This Project was approved by the Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa – CEP/UFSCar (Opinion n° 1.613.134/2016). The results and discussion were systematized with the identified particularities in the three investigated cases, followed by the perceptions of QWL and the characterization of each program (management, evaluation, actions and developed activities). It is indicated that the studied programs have their own characteristics (program initiative, motivations, the targetting, as well as the strategies used in the management and evaluation) according to institutional guidelines and demands. In the end, it is presented some suggetions for deployment or improvement of the QWLP in the public sector ruled by empirical and theoretical evidences.
O direito humano à água na UNASUL : reconhecimento, tratamento normativo, garantias e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-14)
Espíndola, Isabela Battistello
;
Oliveira, Celso Maran de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6431348805343679
This research proposes, based on the recognition of the right to water as a human right, inseparable from the right to life and other human rights, by the General Assembly of the United Nations, to investigate the possibility of its effectiveness and presence in countries that are part of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). Therefore, based on the understanding of the debates that involves the access to water as a human right, including its relationship with the environment, a comparison of the legislative reality of water in UNASUR was made. Thus, it was firstly elaborated a reconstitution of the emergence of UNASUR in relation to its location, composition, objectives and internal functioning analyzing the Union official documents, its councils and also defending that the Union represents the own maturity of South America in the construction of a multipolar world. This primarily part also approach the environmental issue, contemplating how UNASUR and its members understand the environment. In the second part, it is made a historical description about the incorporation of the access to water as a human right. Thirdly, it is presented an analysis of the legislation of UNASUR member countries related to the human right to water, seeking to demonstrate whether such countries explicitly recognize in their legal systems this fundamental human right. Based upon these previous stages, it is discussed the current status of the human right to water recognition in UNASUR, the possible solutions to the obstacles that obstruct the realization and effectuation of this right, developing considerations in the use of new methodologies for the application of the human right to water. Is was verified that UNASUR recognizes the importance of the environment in its Constitutive Treaty, but it still lacks the presence of an internal body that is responsible for this cause. Is was found that although the human right to water is a basic right and that all States have an obligation to guarantee this right for their populations, many of the UNASUR member do not do so, within the exception of Bolivia, Ecuador and Uruguay, which explicitly recognize the human right to water in their respective Constitutions. In other Member States it is possible to indirectly measure this right in their constitutional norms, using the relation of this human right with other rights. It is concluded that it is fundamental that the UNASUR member states explicitly recognize the human right to water, not only for reasons based on the economic development of the region, but also for the guarantee of access to water for the population against a possible palpable scenario of scarcity of this resource.
Algoritmo de enxame de abelhas para resolução do problema da programação da produção Job Shop flexível multiobjetivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-14)
Sanches, Rafael Francisco Viana
;
Kato, Edilson Reis Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8517698122676145
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3838425291676134
The production scheduling activity is considered as one of the most complex activities in production management. This activity is part of the class of NP-Hard problems found in the area of computer science, that is, those problems that can not be solved deterministically in polynomial time. In addition, the complexity of this activity may increase according to the constraints imposed on each programming system/problem. In this research, the problem of programming of production the Flexible Job Shop (JSF) is studied. This problem is considered an extension of the Job Shop programming problem. In JSF, a group of jobs (i.e., products, items, part of an item) formed by a set of operations and each operation must be programmed by a resource (i.e., machine) that belongs to a group of resources that have the same functional characteristics (e.g., cut, sanding, painting). This problem is characterized in two sub-problems being routing and sequencing activity. Routing involves determining which resource will process a given operation. Sequencing is the order in which each operation will be processed on a resource. Through established programming, the objective of this research is to optimize performance multicriteria: the makespan (i.e., time spent to produce a set of jobs), processing time spent on the resource that worked by more time and total production time. In order to reach the objectives mentioned above, a hybrid swarm approach is proposed in this research. In this approach, two auxiliary methods are used to treat the abovementioned sub-problems: genetic operator of mutation to perform the routing activity and for the sequencing activity, an adaptive method of neighborhood structures is proposed. In order to deal with the multiobjectivity of the problem, we propose the Pareto dominance method. Experimental results obtained through commonly used benchmarks prove the efficacy and superiority of the proposed approach when compared to other approaches also applied to the problem studied.
Interdisciplinaridade na questão climática : a participação das ciências sociais no Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-14)
Veltrone, Allan Rogério
;
Andrade, Thales Haddad Novaes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5882842888759363
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6642892526875406
Our goal in this study is to analyze the production, formation and acting of the authorscoordinators of the two most relevant chapters of the fifth report of the IPCC Working Group II (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) that deal with human dimensions of climate change, and so discuss the contribution of social sciences around this debate. The discussion of the thesis is placed within a framework of interdisciplinary, in which demand for scientific cooperation between different areas appears as a necessity imposed by environmental issues. Our hypothesis is that the fact the interdisciplinary is happening, but when it occurs, that occurs in a hierarchical fashion, where the strands of the social sciences participating in the debate, only do so when they use the same parameters used by the ruling science in discussions climate change. The research shows that the hypothesis is partially confirmed, but there is a progressive tendency to incorporate the classic areas of social sciences, such as anthropology, political science and sociology by the IPCC.
Avaliação de proficiência oral em língua estrangeira : foco nos elementos provocadores na interação face a face do exame Celpe-Bras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-14)
Faria, Elaine Risques
;
Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6181109593794740
Proficiency exams and tests have increasingly attracted the attention of people in general and Applied Linguistics researchers interested in Language Assessment, as they may cause a significant impact on the examinee, since the results may lead to decisions and consequences in relation to their professional and / or educational life, such as being accepted into universities or being hired by a company, for example. Due to these factors, these exams and tests, also called ‘high stakes tests’, need studies that reflect on the aspects involved in such exams and tests in order to contribute to their improvement. In this sense, and considering the importance the Certificate of Proficiency in Portuguese Language for Foreigners (Celpe-Bras) has been acquiring over the years, this research investigated the prompts, pictures used to stimulate the conversation between the examiner-interlocutor and the examinee in the Oral Part of Celpe-Bras, called Face to Face Interaction. We developed a qualitative interpretive research, in which questionnaires answered by examinees and examiner-interlocutors from the second edition of Celpe-Bras 2014, the audios of the interviews of an Application Center in Brazil, from the same edition, as well as the prompts used in the interactions and their scripts were analyzed. From the analysis of the data we reflected on how much the prompts operationalize the construct of the Exam; on the participants’ perception of this research, examiner-interlocutors and examinees, regarding the prompts and on how the prompts contribute or not to the performance of the examinees in the Face to Face Interaction. We concluded with some suggestions for the improvement of the oral part of the Exam, especially in relation to the elaboration and use of the prompts and to the standardization of the Manuals and Guidelines of the Celpe-Bras Exam.
O Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP) e o ensino da língua materna em uma rede particular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-14)
Machado, Karina
;
Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3319708968061359
The evaluative act is present in daily actions and cannot be absent from the educational field. In the school institution, it is represented in different dimensions, which must have a dialogue and subsidize reflections on pedagogical practices carried out inside the classrooms. The external evaluation, one kind of school assessment, has been a guiding instrument in the quality of education for the national State extent and it is this kind that directs the path taken in this research. Specifically in São Paulo State, in order to verify the performance of elementary, middle and high school students, the SARESP - a System of Evaluation of Academic Achievement in São Paulo State was established since 1996. This assessment is organized from the curriculum of São Paulo State and it is attended by students enrolled in the State system, in the 2nd , 3rd , 5th , 7th and 9th grade of elementary and middle school and 3rd grade of high school. The SESI system (Social Service for the Industry) participated, this evaluation in the form of adhesion and from the results of the performance from 2nd grade students of elementary school in the Portuguese Language, this research aims to understand the contribution (or not) in the use of the indicators of this external evaluation, that is, how teachers ( from 1st to 5th of elementary school of the above school system ) use these data performance levels in their school planning in which they are inserted . The data indicated a significant descent in the rate of performance of 2nd graders of this school system and performance levels very close between 3rd and 5th graders, which has led us to narrow our investigative gaze in the process of literacy and literate. Based on qualitative methodology, we applied a questionnaire and interviewed a group of teachers from 1st to 5th grade of one of SESI System schools – SP. The purpose of this questionnaire is to characterize the participant teaching group and the complement of the information that was shared during the interviews on evaluation and pedagogical practices in the process of teaching and learning the native language. The interview was intended to acknowledge the understanding on the formative evaluation (notion used by private school system), evaluative practices developed at school and the use of SARESP results in the pedagogical acts. After analysing the documents of São Paulo State that register SARESP editions in the form of reports, we observed that the large-scale assessment estimate basic skills to be developed by students in each school grade, which, combined the results previously cited, indicated the narrowing of the search for the literacy and literate process developed at school. After analysing the interviews, questionnaires, documents that register the teaching concept and the methodology used in the school systems, the teaching materials and the skills estimated by SARESP, we observed the need to review the practices of literacy developed in this particular school system and training actions aimed to teachers, mostly on track of assessment practices and the singularity of literacy and literate. Especially in the context of evaluation, on the basis of the results presented in previous editions of SARESP, the teachers are led to train their students, but, such practice does not change considerably the results and in the process of literacy and literate, we observed that literate overlaps the teaching of writing technics, leaving gaps in this process, which were revealed in the latest edition of the external evaluation.