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Como ocorrem os movimentos da mandíbula e da cabeça em sujeitos com disfunção temporomandibular e em sujeitos saudáveis?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Grüninger, Bruno Leonardo da Silva
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Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8831627315696261
Considering the lack of studies assessing the relationship between temporomandibular joint and neck components in a dynamic approach, this study aimed to investigate kinematics and motor control of the head and jaw in functional and isolated activities, and to evaluate cervical muscle performance and motor control of the head in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients compared to healthy subjects. Kinematics of head and jaw were recorded from 71 women (Healthy Group – HG: N= 33; Temporomandibular Disorder Group – TMDG: N=38) during neck movements (flexion-extension, rotation and lateral bending), and functional tasks (maximal mouth opening (MMO), speaking, chewing and computer use). Median frequency was calculated for head positions in functional tasks. Cross-correlation analysis was performed for the time series of jaw and head recorded in functional tasks. Motor control of the head (joint position sense - JPS), and cervical muscle performance (craniocervical flexion test - CCFT) were also tested. TMDG and HG were compared using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test. No difference was observed in CCFT and JPS, while jaw depression was larger in HG. Median frequency was higher for head position of HG in sagittal plane during computer use in relation to TMDG. It may indicate more variation and better motor strategies in HG. Cross-correlation analysis showed a clear negative correlation between head and jaw in MMO. However, the consistency of this correlation was weak in other tasks. It seems that the higher the biomechanical requirement the stronger the correlation. Further studies should focus on more complex tasks.
Influência de personagens infantis sobre escolhas alimentares em crianças : um estudo com equivalência de estímulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Santos, Silvana Lopes dos
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1643423784795201
Questions about the possible influence of marketing on children's food choices have been topics of debate in recent years. The use of characters in advertisements and packaging is one strategy commonly used to develop positive attitudes toward brands or products. Research that used the stimulus equivalence paradigm has shown that such influence can occur through the transfer of functions. The purpose of this thesis was to verify under what conditions an abstract symbol can acquire symbolic functions of characters and influence children's food choices. Therefore, three studies were carried out. In Study 1 of this thesis, the children formed two classes of stimuli: one containing a liked character and the other a dislike character. The other members were geometric figures and abstract symbols. Three choice and preference tests were conducted where the children had to choose from two samples of the same snack, differing only by the label on the package: 1) symbol equivalent to the liked and disliked characters; 2) symbol equivalent to the disliked character and a new symbol; and 3) the symbol equivalent to the liked character and the logo a known brand. Most children chose first, and reported to like more, the snack labeled with the symbol equivalent to the liked character. They also chose, and reported to like more, the snack labeled with a new stimulus over the symbol equivalent to the disliked character. The Test 3 was inconclusive. Study 2 was similar, however, rather than the known brand, this was replaced by another new symbol in the Test 3. The equivalence tests and the food choice and preference tests were repeated after two weeks. The results of Test 1 were replicated, but the tests 2 and 3 were inconclusive. However, it was possible to verify both the maintenance of the equivalence relations and the transfer of function. In Study 3 the children formed three classes of equivalence, one of which contained a neutral figure. The preference tests were similar; however, the “neutral” symbols replaced the new symbols. The function transfer results were even more robust because all children chose and liked more the food with the symbol equivalent to the favorite character on the label. It has also been noted that children tend to choose a food with a symbol equivalent to the character, even if not attractive, when the other option is a label with a "neutral" symbol. The analysis of the profile and consumption habits of private school participants (Studies 1 and 2) and public (Study 3) pointed to some significant differences relative to food consumption, participation in purchases, hours of televisions, etc, which may have influenced in the obtained results. It is considered that the results achieved have empirically demonstrated how children can be persuaded by using attractive figures. They also brought contributions that strengthen the stimulus equivalence paradigm as a behavioral model the semantic relations and an useful methodology for the study of the attitudes and preferences.
Treinamento de membros superiores em cicloergômetro de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica : revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Gonzaga, Luana Aparecida Vieira
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Jamami, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0722245980119266
Upper limb muscle training in patients with COPD has been recommended by pulmonary rehabilitation programs, due to the alterations caused by this disease, such as exercise intolerance, characterized by decreased muscular strength and endurance, with consequent increase in Muscle fatigue However, little is known about the effects and the ideal cycle ergometer training protocol to be applied to this population due to the scarcity of studies that address this theme. Objective: Collect evidence on the effects of upper limb training on cycle ergometer and bring together the main protocols used. Methods: Studies published between 1990 and March 2016 were searched in the electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science and Embase with the following combination of descriptors: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease OR cycloergometer OR upper limb Training OR supported training OR tolerance to Exercise OR strength OR strength. Results: A total of 2,927 studies were found and 8 studies were included. The results indicate a great variability of the temporal parameters, the methods of quantification of the load and the studied variables. Conclusion: The training on arm cycle ergometer lasts on average seven weeks, three times a week, with the session lasting in average 21 minutes. The load definition is established according to the Incremental Test of UL, defined as 60 to 80% of the peak load, with load progression performed according to patient tolerance. With the present review, it can be verified that the cycle ergometer training of MMSS promotes improved exercise tolerance and reduced dyspnea in patients with COPD.
Conexões entre design, economia solidária e tecnologia social na perspectiva do campo CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Santos, Isadora Candian dos
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Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2805980056007127
Within the context of developing solutions to reduce social inequalities, the themes of design, solidarity economy and social technology present the interfaces: the seek to overcome poverty and promote socioeconomic development, with environmental preservation and collective management. From this starting point, this research sought to understand the relations between design, solidarity economy and social technology, to identify points of approximation and limitations between the themes, and to contribute to the common understanding between the themes and their fields. Based on design as a field of studies and practices, this work focused on the production of knowledge associated with praxis, aiming to understand the relations between design, solidarity economy and social technology, seeking researches with practical experiences, through their scientific productions and their certified social technologies. With this object, this work had four stages of research, characterized by quantitative and qualitative approaches, using the categorical content analysis method: approximations of the conceptual and historical bases of the three themes; survey of researches with practical experiences; selection of five researches with practical experiences and ten qualitative interviews with authors and co-authors; and, analysis and systematization of the data collected. The results of the first stage brought elements for the discussion and basis for the categorizations, problematizing common aspects: historical and sociological contexts - Industrial Revolution and Cold War; motivations - questioning about consumption, forms of production and technological development; participatory and democratic methodologies of work; methods of propagation – collective property and free intellectual property; and, final objectives - promotion of social changes and principles that aim at sustainability. And, as limitations and divergences: possible contradictions about the collective construction of knowledge; the understanding of design from an deterministic perspective of science and technology; and, the limitations of promoting changes inside the capitalist system. The second stage of research led to the survey of 46 researches with practical experiences among the accepted results, covering the period of 2003 and 2015. The third stage selected 5 of these results and 10 interviews were conducted with authors and coauthors, addressing the central concepts of this work and related concepts: social design, design and sustainability, solidarity economy and social technology. The fourth and last stage analyzed and systematized the data collected and pointed to the final results of this work: the understanding of possible relations between the concepts of social design, design and sustainability, solidarity economy and social technology, which were understood as a mean, as an end and also in a transverse way, pointing to a diffuse understanding. However, it was possible to point out a transverse element, understood as the common objective of the themes: promoters of sustainability, seekers of the sustainable development, in its four axes - economic, social, environmental and institutional / cultural. And, finally, it was possible to point for future development of the themes, such as scientific research, public policies, projects and / or practical actions.
Pesquisas no campo da didática : subsídios ao ensino e à aprendizagem de conteúdos e desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Moreira, Raquel
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Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6893255777431807
Considering the Brazilian education's fragility, expressed in the low scores of students in national and international standardized tests, and considering the current context of the information society, in which mastering knowledge in the instrumental dimension is key for either providing opportunities or deepening exclusion situations, the present thesis aims to analyze and systematize evidences of instruments that Brazilian research in the field of Didactics, available in SciELO database between the years 2000 and 2015, have been offering to the development of content, abilities and competences to school practices. The investigation was based on bibliographic research, using mixed methods, supported by Content Analysis of Laurence Bardin, and was guided by the question: What has the knowledge produced in the field of Didactics, available in SciELO between the years 2000 and 2015, been offering as instruments to the development of the process of teaching and learning of contents, abilities and competences in Basic Education? The main results indicate that, from the 119 articles referring to Basic Education, pertaining to 11 (eleven) areas of knowledge, and in different teaching stages and modalities, it was possible to identify 26 (twenty-six) registry units (RU). The most frequent RU were: content teaching; teaching materials and teaching materials analysis; teaching and learning; analysis of teacher practice, teaching practices, interaction, and teaching. All of the RU carry correlations of theoretical, methodological/procedural and material dimensions, enabling to affirm that the descriptor “Didactics” has been used in articles that are, indeed, dedicated to important elements of the area. However, one or another element is focused in exclusive manner, detaching dimensions of the teaching and learning process, or detaching class processes from the consequences generated to students' learning. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake, in the area, research procedures that expand the contributing potential in order to improve teaching quality by teachers, and improve learning outcomes of students.
Desenvolvimento de um jogo pedagógico virtual para o ensino do equilíbrio químico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Santos, Marcos Anderson Benfica dos
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0832260576503270
Chemical equilibrium is an issue of fundamental importance for the understanding of chemical reactions. However, their presence in High School is given in a little problematized and conceptual, turning very frequently to the algebraic aspects. Alternative teaching resources, such as games, provide a playful approach and allow the teacher to promote the study of the topic in a more interesting and accessible way to the student. At the same time, the use of virtual platforms carries with it the ease of access, which can be done from anywhere and at any time (asynchronous to a conventional classroom moment) and does not require extra costs with the acquisition of physical objects, such as trays, dice and cards. In addition, the possibility of analyzing the results using the tools provided in the platform itself, evaluating the responsiveness and success rate of each question used, further favors the tool. In this context, the development of the game that is the object of this study was carried out with the intention of offering a freely accessible tool in a virtual and gamified environment that allows the teacher to work the questions proposed in the scope of his class or to use them as a task orsurvey Of requirements. The questions that are part of the scope of the game were selected from vestibular exams or proposed in an authorial way, divided into three sequential modules. Access to the game was made available to all users of the Ludo Educativo portal, and a group of 27 high school students from the private network of Ribeirão Preto, volunteers and reacting asynchronously, participated and had their impressions analyzed, enabling a partial analysis , The limitations and potentialities of the resource developed
Economia solidária e inclusão social pelo trabalho no campo da saúde mental : identificando potencialidades e fragilidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Mazaro, Lisabelle Manente
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Lussi, Isabela Aparecida de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8121264125922144
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4059870035538236
The inclusion of people in situations of social disadvantage at work is replete with challenges that permeate the relations between the subject and the work, the field of rights, the relations of production, among others. This study addresses the inclusion of people at social disadvantage in the workplace, especially those with mental disorders including those resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs, in the perspective of solidarity economy. Since 2005, the National Secretariat for Solidarity Economy (SENAES) has invested in the national mapping of Solidarity Economic Developments (EES) and the National Information System in Solidarity Economy (SIES), database of enterprises across the country, is the result of this mapping and context of this study. This is a descriptive exploratory documentary study of mixed approach, developed in two phases. The general objective of the study was to identify and understand the potentialities, fragilities and challenges present in the process of consolidation of the EES in the field of mental health registered in the National System of Information in Solidary Economy - SIES. The specific objectives were to characterize the EES registered in the database of SIES and to draw the profile of the EES of the mental health field registered in the SIES database. In the first phase, a descriptive analysis of the data in the SIES database was carried out in order to characterize the registered enterprises. There were identified 419 EESs in the national territory whose membership profile can be attributed predominantly to people in social disadvantage, distributed in: 236 composed of people with physical or mental disabilities; 43 by inmates or prisoners of the prison system; and 140 by people with mental disorders, including those resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs. The latter were invited to participate in the second phase of the study, in which a qualitative study was carried out with the EES of the field of mental health identified in the first phase. Participated in the second phase of this study 17 EES distributed throughout the country, which corresponds to 12% of the mental health field enterprises registered in SIES. For data collection a semi structured questionnaire was used and the data from the closed questions were analyzed in a descriptive way and those from the open questions were analyzed applying the thematic analysis technique. The results point out that several advances have been achieved so far, among them the incorporation of the principles of solidarity economy, the recognition of work as a right, split from the therapeutic view, participation in solidarity economy fairs, among others, but there are many challenges to be faced, such as the public policies that present themselves in an antagonistic way in relation to the advances and obstacles presented by the enterprises. There was also a need for greater support for entrepreneurship and, when there are established support, these originate mostly from local entities such as city hall, university and church. It was also identified that the participation of mental health users in the ventures brings benefits such as social inclusion, access to rights and recovery of self-esteem, thus characterizing the potentialities in the consolidation process. The fragilities field is characterized by small and uneven production during the year, lack of material, financial and infrastructure resources and the low value of withdrawals, that is, generation of income that is lower than expected by the participants. It is hoped that research on the potentialities, weaknesses and challenges in the consolidation process will contribute to the elaboration ofproposals that will minimize the difficulties faced by economic enterprises in solidarity with people of social disadvantage, especially those with mental disorders, including when resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs.
Redes automotivas: análise teórica e experimental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Flores, Matheus Falleiros de Almeida Valladão
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Aroca, Rafael Vidal
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9262228584082064
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7479052826857158
Every year new items of comfort, safety and technology are added to the vehicles. In Brazil, for example, it is already law that any national vehicle has ABS (Antiblockier-Bremssystem) and Airbag brakes. These systems require elaborate electronic systems and the connection of several sensors, typically in a network. In addition, most vehicles currently sold have one or more communication networks. In particular, the use of the network increases the reliability, flexibility of the designs and also reduces costs and the final weight of the vehicle with the reduction of cables. Knowing that automotive CAN (Controller Area Network) networks can be accessed via the OBD-II Board Diagnostics), allowing access to the codes and their analysis, proposes the study of vehicle network technologies, through theoretical study, experimental analysis and analysis of commercial tools. To this end, the objective is first to compare commercial tools and then to build a device for data analysis. This device will consist of a microcontroller that is connected to a CAN controller and a CAN transciever to physically couple the electrical signals from the CAN controller to the network, with bidirectional capabilities and data direction control. This device will be used to collect data from vehicles for further analysis. It is hoped, therefore, to develop tools and knowledge for the analysis and performance in automotive CAN networks, comparing the commercial tools available, and thus, giving more subsidies for future research, teaching and developments in the area.
A abordagem de resolução de problemas aplicados ao conteúdo de funções : uma experiência com grupos de estudos do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Barbosa Filho, Gilberto Alves
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Moura, Renato José de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5227908949297904
This research project refers to an experience applied to study groups for high school students in order to provide them with an improvement of Mathematics contents, as well as an improvement in the practice of their studies, using the approach proposed and systematized by George Pólya, which is the method of solving problems in Mathematics. Some topics involving functions were explored, through problem solving, mathematical language, collective discussions and applications. The actions implemented in this project also aim to improve the teaching practice, provided by the methodology, to be developed at other times in the classroom, as an important teaching tool.
Formação de professores atuantes em salas de recursos: identificação e uso de tecnologia assistiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Santos, Isabela Bagliotti
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Toyoda, Cristina Yoshie
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5872141115382552
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6861004244249411
Currently, Special Education Target Public students attend regular schools, in a regular period of common classes; and in the opposite period in the Resource Rooms. Within them the content should be presented to the students in a more attractive and facilitating way. One way to make learning effective is to use Assistive Technology and its resources during class. Considering the importance of the same, the main objective of this work was to verify the training of resource room teachers for the use of Assistive Technology and also how they are using these resources during classes. The data were obtained through a research that investigated the training of 12 teachers working in Resource Rooms in a region in the interior of the state of São Paulo, if they are prepared to work with Assistive Technology resources, which Assistive Technology the rooms investigated have according to the opinion and perception of teachers and the use of Assistive Technology resources within the Resource Rooms. The data collection was performed through the semi-structured interview and also through the check-list performed to verify the Assistive Technology resources present in the Resource Rooms. The data analysis was based on the qualitative approach, considering the 12 participating teachers of the research as subjects of the same. All professors interviewed are graduates in Pedagogy, some postgraduates in Special Education, others in Psychopedagogy and Neurosciences. Although many reported that they had access to Assistive Technology content during graduation, some mentioned that they did not have access effectively; therefore, there is a loss in their understanding of what Assistive Technology is about, what resources they have in their Multifunctional Resource Room and also during their use. The checklist shows the amount of Assistive Technology resources and equipment present in the rooms investigated, demonstrating that many resources are repeated, such as domino games, and that others are also forgotten and not used by teachers.
A implementação do REUNI no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFES : trabalho, gestão e ideologia vistos pelos professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Martins, Raisa Maria de Arruda
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Silva Junior, João dos Reis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7470123176068422
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330124122903433
This paper refers to a case study whose main objective is to be acquainted with the beliefs of professors in the Agricultural Science Center (CCA) in the Federal University of Espírito santo (UFES) towards their working conditions concerning the implementation of the Program to Support Restructuring and Expansion Plans of Federal Universities (REUNI). In this perspective, the working conditions described by the professors are considered mediations which have made possible to know how faculty understands the university from the expansion process, its role, and teaching staff themselves. First, the study characterizes REUNI, pointing out the program in the extent of the previous regulation marks, such as in the legislation approved after its validity was over, indicating, therefore, the prolongation of its goals through the next years. The contradictions of the program and its critics presented in the related literature were established. The result of REUNI’s expansion in Brazil, in UFES and particularly in CCA are as well presented. This stage has been constituted from the analysis of documents officially produced (by Government) and of those elaborated by UFES concerning REUNI, such as the institution’s expansion plan, the CCA’s council’s meetings’ records, and the indices of the courses’ performances in this Center while REUNI was in force. Second, the speeches of the professors of the same Center were resorted to, in order to see the light of the repercussion concerning the University’s expansion in its everyday work. Therefore, interviews were developed with 12 professors, 5 of which were hired before the expansion. As empiric data is analyzed, as well as considering the reporting of the working conditions exposed by the teaching staff, it is possible to observe that indeed the expansion induced by REUNI has promoted meaningful changes in CCA, which for many years had only had one undergraduation course, but had its offer enlarged to seventeen courses in seven years (from 2006 to 2012, through the plans Expansion Phase 1 and REUNI). Such changes included both administrative and academic dimensions (increase of vacancy offers, new courses, hiring professors, buildings’ and laboratories’ construction etc.). Amongst other matters, it is possible to verify that the group of professors recruited between 2006 and 2012 were the most affected by the changes provoked by the expansion, so that it is possible to consider that these professionals work under precarious conditions and even intensified work conditions. However, it is impossible to affirm the same about the working conditions of those who already were part of the faculty before the expansion process. Amongst the likely findings, it is verified that the shape assumed by REUNI in CCA is a result of the policy formulated concatenated to the aspects that confer specificity to the institution. Finally, it is also possible to verify that the meaning attributed to the expansion reflects how contradictory REUNI is, and may, as in CCA case, assume different significance for the professors, as the teaching staff is heterogeneous and, therefore, constituted by groups with distinguished characteristics.
Jovens com deficiência : estudo de percursos de participação social no município de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Ferreira, Natasha Reis
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Oliver, Fátima Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1370450030646953
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9840012665188699
Youth, period of transition to adulthood, range from 15 to 29 years. About 6 million young Brazilians have at least one disability, and even after promulgating policies focused primarily on education, their levels of education and participation in work is lower than compared to people without disabilities. In this way, it is important to establish policies, programs and actions to guarantee their rights to social participation. The study's purpose was identify the opportunities and barriers for the social participation of young people with disabilities disengaged from school, by dropping out or completing a course, and hypothesized that these opportunities are scarce, especially after disengaged. It's a qualitative study, which included documentary research on the actions aimed at the social participation of young people, held in secretariats of the city of São Carlos, interviews and recording of daily life by young people with disabilities disengaged from regular school between 2005 and 2010. The young people were found through the Municipal Council of the Person with Disabilities of the municipality and by appointment of their peers, being contacted in two stages. In the interview, the questions dealt with daily and social participation activities (work, study, leisure), being carried out in the homes, work or public space with 4 men interviewed. The second stage consisted of the participants daily knowledge through photographs taken by the interviewees based on the photovoice method. With the survey of actions, a response was obtained from six of the nine municipal secretariats, in which the Secretariat of Labor, Employment and Income and the Person with Disabilities and Reduced Mobility presented actions aimed at the general public. There were few specific actions for young people, especially those with disabilities. In order to understand the possible social participation paths in the municipality, maps were created with registration of the opportunities (work, leisure, elementary and secondary education, health units, collective transport, among other elements), also indicating the residence region of the participants. The speech of three interviewees indicated that the negative school experiences, besides marking the school life, were decisive in the trajectories of participation. The hypothesis that the disengagement from the school environment influences social participation can be confirmed by a respondent. The information from the maps, speeches and registers confirm the fact that the social participation of young people with disabilities is hampered by the greater concentration of opportunities in the central region of the municipality as by perceived obstacles in access and accessibility.
Extração de conceitos e relações taxonômicas usando análise de conceitos formais e agrupamento fuzzy de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Lima, Suzane Carol de
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9273272744504442
Some structures for knowledge representation are organized from concepts and relationships between concepts, among which we can mention semantic networks and ontologies. An important tool that help in the creation process of these structures is the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). FCA has been applied in several fields of research, such as data mining, machine learning, artificial intelligence and Software Engineering. The FCA can now be considered an important formalism for the representation of knowledge, extraction and analysis with applications in diferente areas, and is used for the construction of ontologies, since it provides a basis for the development and implementation of methods to extract ontological concepts as well as the ontological taxonomy involving the extracted concepts. In the Formal Concept Analysis, concepts are sets of objects that share the same attributes. Concepts are extracted from a set of data and organized in the form of a Concept Lattice, defined by the relation of inclusion between concepts. The structure of the Conceptual Framework can become large due to the high number of concepts and relations, making a complex structure, and often difficult computational process. The purpose of this work is to reduce the formal context of a specific domain by using two fuzzy clustering algorithms, so that a reduced Concept Lattice is generated. The results showed that the Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm performed better than Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means algorithm.
A influência da tecnologia na democracia : avaliando aumento ou modificação da participação popular no voto visando eleições ou decisões
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Suzuki, Manuella Barbosa
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Ferrari Júnior, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1581806209106850
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1313036398098198
Democracy began in Greece, more precisely in its major city-state Athens. It emerged for the Athenians had the opportunity to participate in decisions and local political life. Despite having changed since its inception, democracy is currently used in several world's governments, whether in direct, indirect or semi-direct form. For this political regime can be applied, there are various forms of popular participation at the disposal of civil society. Some of these forms of participation is already being implemented with the help of technology, but for the technological resources to be used in a conscious and judicious way, a better understanding of their uses in participatory modalities is necessary. Since voting, both in elections and decisions, is the most popular and used form of participation in the world, and in several cases and countries already has technological support (e-voting), it is even more essential to understand and analyze the possible influence of technology on participation. The purpose of this research was to study the influence of technology on democracy. After identifying and systematizing existing forms of popular participation, it was intended to investigate the impact of technology on popular participation in voting for elections and decisions. Significant changes were observed through the use of e-voting in both modalities of voting mentioned, like: the increase of technology in voting; decrease of invalid votes, mainly in elections, and support in participation itself. Results also suggest that the highest percent of participation in decisions occur when a combination of voting modalities, that includes both technological support and/or conventional options, are used.
Uma metodologia automática para geração de mapas de disparidades de ambientes reais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Carvalho, Carlos Willian de
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Pedrino, Emerson Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8201980606993445
The objective of this work was the analysis, combination and adjustments of an algorithm set, in state-of-the-art, building a simple methodology, that is able to represent the depth of the elements in a scene, through the calculation of the disparity map. The map is automatically obtained, from real scenes, with minimal human intervention. Initially, the corners of the objects in a scene are obtained by the SURF algorithm in an image stereo pair, obtained from it. These corners are used to obtain a mapping from points in an image to its correspondences into another image, through a fundamental matrix (obtained by linear estimation, using Least Median of Squares or MSAC); later, the rectification and matching processes are done, generating the map, which suffers a post-processing to fix the distortions. The maps initially obtained was analysed in order to verify the processing time and the similarity with maps obtained by a manual method (which uses calibration). In the future, it is intended to use the studied algorithms as the basis for a system that will allow blind people to do spatial navigation tests in real environments
Um framework para apoio à captura de movimentos das mãos como forma de interação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Andrade, Paulo Eduardo Cardoso
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Beder, Delano Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5845245549777383
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6708314758427703
Motion capture (Mocap) is a concept based on capturing the motion of an object or person from the real world, in order to reproduce such motion on characters in virtual environment or provide interaction with systems or applications. For each motion, there are several techniques able to capture the motion in a more efficient way, because they present drastic differences to capture the hand motion, head motion, being the key points to capture the motion completely different according to each situation. Currently, there are various devices that offer different sources so that the developers can use on their applications, and systems of motion capture, however they still need specific knowledge in motion capture when compared to an interaction through a more traditional device such as the mouse, being this one used as main way of interaction when it is related to interaction in simple applications, because it provides suitable and easy development resources for such applications. This mater’s project aims to develop a framework to recognize the hand motion to be used in simple applications, focused on the actions of catching and turning, using the device Kinect v2.0 of Microsoft and a high-level approach for beginner developers, using the motion capture in a simple and optimized way, being possible to compare their difficulty and the resources to the most used traditionally device for this kind of interaction – the mouse. A case study will be developed using three different approaches: SDK available by Microsoft; the proposed framework – EasyMoCapHand – and the interaction through the mouse; exemplifying, this way, relevant aspects of the development of each approach. And later on, an experiment which participants develop activities that and through them have a perception of the use of each approach, contributing to the use of motion capture in simple applications that have their development always attached to the mouse use as a way of interaction, becoming this way of interaction an option for beginner developers who would not use on their interaction through motion capture
Engenharia de biocatalisadores aplicada à síntese de CLEAs para a aplicação na conversão multienzimática de sacarose à ácido glucônico e xarope de frutose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Mafra, Agnes Cristina Oliveira
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Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
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Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
Sugarcane sugar (sucrose) is a raw material produced in abundance in Brazil; it is very attractive to produce high added-value products. Gluconic acid (GA) can be obtained by multienzymatic conversion of sucrose, using three enzymes. Firstly, invertase (INV), responsible for the inversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose, next glucose oxidase (GOD) for the glucose oxidation and the last enzyme is catalase (CAT) used for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, by-product from glucose oxidation). In this study, the sucrose was inverted in a fed-batch process catalyzed by INV immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA). The GA was produced by glucose oxidation catalyzed by combinate CLEAs (Combi-CLEAs) of CAT from bovine liver and GOD from Aspergillus niger in a batch pneumatic reactor. CAT has a tetrameric structure which complicates its stabilization through conventional immobilization technique. CLEAs of CAT were prepared, evaluating the effect of precipitant and cross-linking agents, as well as bovine serum albumin (BSA) as feeder protein on the catalytic properties, thermal stability, and mass transport resistance of the derivatives. The most active derivatives were prepared using ammonium sulfate as precipitant agent, 50 mM glutaraldehyde as cross-linker, and BSA/CAT mass ratio of 3.0. These derivatives were almost completely active (yield of immobilization up to 100%) and highly stable at 40 oC and pH 7.0 (~ 80% of the initial activity was recovery after 200 h under these conditions). The co-precipitation of BSA together with CAT reduced the size of clusters suggesting a decrease of diffusive effects within the biocatalyst. Empirical kinetic model was fitted to the experimental data of initial rate vs. substrate concentration and used to make a comparative analysis of mass transfer into derivatives with and without BSA. Results suggested that the main effect that differentiates the free enzyme and the two derivatives analyzed was of diffusive nature. In fact, the effectiveness factor of the crosslinked aggregates of catalase with BSA increased approximately 4 times. The statistical experimental design and the analysis of the response surface methodology showed that the immobilization did not alter the conditions of maximum activity of the CAT, which were found to be 30 oC and pH  7.0 for all biocatalysts. Secondly, INV was immobilized by CLEA methodology using soy protein as feeder molecules as an alternative to the commonly used expensive BSA. The immobilized INV retained around 30% of the initial activity after enzyme leaching assay. The immobilized INV was recycled tenfold in 4 h-batches of hydrolysis of sucrose at 40 oC and pH 6.0, maintaining the reaction conversion above 75 %. The hydrolysis of sucrose catalyzed by immobilized INV showed to be economically feasible in an operational window built based on economic metrics for a fed-batch process with three intermittent sucrose feeds to restore the substrate concentration at 100 g.L-1 when the conversion reaches 95 %. This work represents an advance in the field, because using a carrier-free and recyclable biocatalyst the specific productivity (gram of products per gram of biocatalyst per hour) of inverted sugar syrup was as high as those previously reported for INV immobilized on solid carriers that may dilute its volumetric activity and increase the cost of the biocatalyst. Combi-CLEAs of CAT and GOD were prepared, evaluating the influence of precipitant and cross-linking agents, as well as BSA as feeder protein on enzyme immobilization yield and thermal stability of each enzyme. Combi-CLEAs were prepared using dimethoxyethane as precipitant, 25 mM glutaraldehyde and mass ratio BSA/enzymes of 5.45 (w/w) were selected, their activities and stabilities at 40 oC, pH 6 and 250 rpm for five hours were evaluated. The selected Combi-CLEAs were used in GA production in a pneumatic reactor with 26 g.L-1 glucose at 40 oC, pH 6 and 10 vvm. Results showed conversion of 100 % and kinetic profile very similar to the free enzymes process. The reusability of Combi-CLEAs was also studied in ten batch-cycles of 5 hours. Operational half-life was calculated from kinetic profiles and first order inactivation model and presented a value of 31.50 hours. Combi-CLEAs of GOD and CAT showed to be relevant robust biocatalyst for GA application and production of glucose.
Sistemas Fuzzy genéticos baseados em regras: um operador de seleção com foco na diversidade das soluções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Prado, Eduardo Fernando Velludo
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1385551870028861
The automatic generation and optimization of Fuzzy Systems is an important area because the manually generation and optimization is very hard and may require one or more specialists. Even with the help of specialists the work may be impossible according to the variables involved and the complexity of the problem. One of many possibilities to help solve this problem is the use of Inteligent Systems. The Multiobjective Genetic Fuzzy Systems are one example of Intelligent Systems that use Multiobjetive Genetic Algorithm. The propose of the Multiobjetives Genetics Algorithms is generate solutions that satisfies more than one objective at once. The selection of the individuals that will generate the next offspring depends on the Multiobjetive Genetic Algorithm used, each one of them uses a different method. The propose of this work is to implement an alternative selection method for the Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm (2+2) M-PAES. This method aimed to improve the dispersion of the solutions but it has improved the accuracy of the results and has keeped the interpretability of the Fuzzy System.
Jogos em aparelhos tecnológicos vivenciados por crianças : processos educativos envolvidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Morais, Vinícius Barbosa de
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Alves, Fernando Donizete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3812723309905378
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2565169715121359
With the notorious globalization of technological products and the great facility for their acquisition nowadays, children are entering this "technological world" earlier and earlier, mainly to experience virtual games. There is a certain fear of adults regarding the use that children make of their technological devices, mainly related to the social dimension, as something that disrupts their interpersonal relationships, however there are also those who value the games in these devices as a fundamental part of the culture of today's children. This is mainly due to the fact that the child is constructing a ludic culture during the life that originates from their social interactions, appropriating this culture also in the use of their technological devices. That way, the contact with this type of game during their interpersonal relations with their peers can even favor spaces for educational processes appear. From this scenario, this study aims to identify the relationships established by children of a sixth grade elementary school when they are playing in their technological devices and how they organize their games. For the data collection, participant observations were made in recreation and physical education classes, dialoguing and experiencing games in technological devices at these moments. Observations were recorded in field diaries. Another collection technique was the thematic conversation with children during classes in Physical Education. For data analysis, all the material obtained in the research was analyzed based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of content analysis. The results evidenced that the subjects of this research, while playing in their technological devices, appropriate these as a means to interact with their peers, to observe and learn other things, in order to better coexist with the other children in this technological world in which they are inserted. It was also noticed that these children, almost at all times, wanted to share knowledge, exchange information, meet new games, reflect on their relationships with this type of game and with friends, finally, explore this world of virtual games and all its possibilities in contact with their peers. We conclude that for the subjects of this research the games in technological devices are more like a way of playing and, therefore, they feel more and more attracted to them, yet they are not open to the other possibilities of play that the time of the childhood offers, which contributes to a widening of the possibilities of fun in their life context.
Formação de gentílicos a partir de topônimos : proposta de geração automática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-17)
Antunes, Roger Alfredo de Marci Rodrigues
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Almeida, Gladis Maria de Barcellos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4046789388750478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7929075503955558
It is a common habit to use the adjective of the city name to indicate people’s origin, however the formulating rules of the adjective has been rarely discussed in the literature. The main objective of this work is to describe the gentile adjectives, which originate from the place names called toponyms. Using specific morphological rules of combination and proposing the formal representation of their regularities we can formulate the basis for a computational system, which can automatically generate the gentiles from their place names. The system proposed here is founded on the methodological principles of Dias-da-Silva (1996) - with respect to the three-phase methodology of the Natural language processing (NLP) - and the theoretical assumptions in the works of Borba (1998), Biderman (2001), Dick (2007) Jurafsky (2009) and Sandmann (1992, 1997). The corpus consists of 5,570 municipalities’ names (toponyms) and their respective gentiles, extracted in a form of a list from the database of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). It was observed that only from a small set of recurrent unities, such as suffixes and ends of lexical entities, it is possible to extract patterns which can be subsequently used to formulate combination rules for automatic word processing. During this work, the issue of computational representation stands out and proves natural language complexity. Although natural languages can be in principle automatically processed using computers, their inherent features may deviate from the formulated rules and make the processing more intricate. Nonetheless, the results show that it is possible to automatize 52% of the generation of gentiles from the municipal toponyms. Conclusively the inherent opacity of the Portuguese does not allow direct processing of all of the language toponyms.