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Gestão de estoques e sua influência no desempenho financeiro: uma análise em empresas de manufatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Cotomácio, André Carrara; Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2074128686864231
There are many studies in the literature that have shown the relationship between stock levels and financial performance, through profitability indicators, mostly to US manufacturing firms. However, the influence of the stock and its discrete components (raw material, inventory, production and finished product) in shareholder wealth has not been determined, particularly in the case of companies in Brazilian industrial sector. The present study aims to assess how the maintenance of inventory levels may affect profitability, returns and share performance in order to maximize shareholder wealth. For this purpose, panel data regressions were applied for fixed and random effects, based on financial data from companies which represents Brazilian manufacturing sector, listed in the BM&FBOVESPA Industrials Index (INDX). From the concept that a correct inventory and working capital management are directly linked to a better financial performance, the results show that this hypothesis confirmation or refutation vary according to the financial and inventory management metrics used, respectively, as dependent or independent variables. Another conclusion is that shareholder value creation has greater influence or is better able to isolate the effect of a correct inventory management, when compared to profitability and return metrics, only if linked to raw material or finished products indicators. Although the divergences regarding the influence of inventory and working capital management on financial performance still persist, this is one of the first studies that discuss this issue for Brazilian companies, and more specifically, for manufacturing sector, which represent an important stock portfolio index in the country.
Neurociência e educação infantil: para além da estimulação precoce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Mascarenhas, Tárcila Santos de Souza; Mello, Maria Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8457653456720796
This scientific research is relevant for the development of intentional and quality pedagogical practices aimed at children from 0 to 3 years old. The contributions of neuroscience and the Cultural Historical Theory were the basis of this research and the research question that guided the study was the following: Neuroscience research can contribute to the improvement and quality of learning of children in Early Childhood Education in the range of 0 to 3 years? Based on this research question, we draw the following general objective: to develop a theoretical study on neuroscience research that focuses the teaching and learning issues in Early Childhood Education. The research is theoretical and was based on Marxist Historical-Dialectical Materialism and Vigotsky's Cultural Historical Theory. For the analysis of the data we used qualitative methods which allowed us to construct the final analyses. The results allow us to advance studies on child development, since it showed that the activity of stimulating children from their main activity can contribute to the potentiation of teaching and learning processes.
Avaliação de uma intervenção para prevenção da violência no namoro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Priolo Filho, Sidnei Rinaldo; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4997927772311378
This thesis is developed with four articles presenting the trajectory and development of an intervention to prevent dating violence among Brazilian adolescents. At first, a pilot study was conducted with 34 adolescents, divided into control and experimental group, evaluating their behaviors and the themes, duration and number of sessions of the intervention. The results of this pilot indicated a decrease in the violence practiced by the adolescents, measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale - Revised (CTS-2). After the pilot, the instruments had their instructions adapted and a questionnaire about attitudes on violence was added. The definitive study was performed consisting of an intervention with 94 adolescents randomly divided into control and experimental groups with pre and post-test collections. Participants responded to the standardized Brazilian Socioeconomic Status (SES), the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT), the Conflicts Tactics Scale – Revised (CTS-2), and a questionnaire on beliefs about violence. The experimental group placed questions about the themes in a sealed ballot boxes in the classroom to increase the participation of adolescents. These questions were analyzed and categorized qualitatively. Sessions on sexuality occurred with separation between males and females, with the facilitator of these sessions of the same gender of the group. The experimental group had follow-up data collections 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Participants asked 117 questions during the intervention, and most part of those questions were related to sexuality, followed by social problem-solving and relationships. Males asked a greater number of questions related to sexuality, compared to the girls. Post-test results show a decrease in frequency of aggressive behaviors practiced and suffered for the experimental group, as well as the number of participants who were aggressive. The experimental group also showed a significant decrease in sexual violence practiced and suffered in the post-test, as well as in the number of adolescents who consumed alcohol. However, after one year the experimental group did not show differences in relation to the post-test, but all the frequencies were numerically inferior when compared to the pretest. Sexual violence remained significantly lower after 12 months of intervention for the experimental group. However, there was a significant increase in alcohol consumption after 12 months, especially among women. The results of the intervention point in promising directions for future research with Brazilian adolescents by presenting important decreases in violent behaviors practiced and suffered, especially for sexual violence. Therefore, future research should consider themes and presentation of this work, however, looking for ways to involve the school and families in a more effective maintenance of the aggressive behaviors after the intervention.
Produção de hidrogênio e metano a patir de glicerol bruto e cultura mista em reatores anaeróbios de leito fluidizado termofílicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Costa, Talles Barcelos da; Silva, Edson Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8440460530579863
The study aimed to evaluate the continuous production of hydrogen and methane under thermophilic conditions (55 °C) using crude glycerol as substrate and mixed culture. The first study aimed at the production of H2, and therefore, an acidogenic anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) called RA was operated under hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation between 8 and 0.5 h while the affluent glycerol concentration was fixed in 10.0 g L-1. The results showed that the maximum content, 78.5% and H2 volumetric productivity, 1.46 L h-1 L-1, were reached in HRT of 0.5 h. The maximum H2 yield value of was 1.28 mol H2 mol-1 glycerolconsumed, reached in HRT of 1 h. The main metabolites related to high H2 production were butyric acid and butanol, but there was a high production of 1,3-propanediol in the HRT of 6 h, reaching maximum yield of 0.80 mol 1,3-PDO mol-1 glycerolconsumed. The second study, in turn, consisted in evaluating the influence of the adaptation strategy adopted in the operation of two methanogenic AFBR, RM1 e RM2. The RM1 was operated under affluent glycerol concentration variation between 1.0 and 7.0 g L-1, while HRT was fixed in 24 h and the applied organic loading rate (OLR’) variation between 1.0 and 7.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. The maximum content, 86.2% and CH4 yield, 0.47 m3 CH4 kg-1 CODapplied, were reached in the OLR’ of 1.0 and 3.0 kg COD m-3 d-1, respectively. The maximum CH4 volumetric productivity, 4.27 L d-1 L-1, was reached in the OLR’ of 7.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. At RM2 the HRT ranged from 36 to 6 h while the affluent glycerol concentration was set at 10.0 g L-1 and the OLR’ variation between 6.7 and 40.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. It was observed that the application of high TCO’ in an unadapted reactor, was shown degenerative to the production of CH4, due to the accumulation of volatile acids in the system. Thus, it can be inferred that crude glycerol, the main by-product of biodiesel biorefineries, can be used in the production of bioenergy (H2 and CH4) and valueadded metabolites, valuing the productive chain of this biofuel.
Mulheres da esquerda: política, memória e feminismos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Rodrigues, Thais Domingos dos Santos; Mendonça, Viviane Melo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9005065959336332
This master thesis had as its objective to analyze the relation among Feminisms and the political-party participation of women from left-wing. We start from the following interrogations: how are made the experiences of women into the dialogue between leftwing parties, Marxisms and Feminisms? How do these tensions and approximations between both, previoulsy pointed in studies, affect the political-party participation of Brazilian women, from historical and subjective perspective? Therefore, starting with such initial questions, the present study has as a premise the necessity to understand the conflicts, challenges and achievements experienced by Brazilian women into their political-party participations in general and, specifically, how it have happened after redemocratization of Brazil, in the 1980 decade, until current days. With the purpose of unveiling these questions and pointing possible answers, it has been chosen oral history as a methodology to access the production of these women memories, since they were left-wing party militants in the period after Brazil’s redemocratization, until the current moment. That time scale is valid because all the women who were interviewed experienced Collor-FHC-Lula-Dilma period inside militancy. It was intended in this study to make the evocation of those women’s memories to transmit the experience through the narratives. Such narratives were the object of analysis. Using oral history methodology, memories of women who live the daily routine of left-wing politics were registered, in purpose of making explicit the challenges, achievements and struggles related to them.
Modelo integrado reativo a perturbações em tempo real da programação da produção e controle avançado para um CSTR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Costa, Eugênio Pacceli; Figueiredo, Maurício Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4514898499279696; Politano, Paulo Rogério; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2967500107924242; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2967500107924242
Scheduling and Process Control layers traditionally operate independently in the production process in the process industry. Both the Academy and Industry have been making efforts so that the integration of these layers of decision offers alternatives for improvement in the productive process, while generating better operational results. In particular the determination of optimal product sequencing is sensitive to the transition times obtained from the control layer, which in turn are strongly dependent on the continuous process variables of a chemical plant. In addition, sequencing is also sensitive to (external) demand disturbances occurring in the Scheduling layer, and disturbances (internal) in the process variables, which occur in the control layer. Process perturbations can be characterized by fluctuations in the properties of raw materials or in variations in feed rates. Demand disruptions can be characterized by urgent requests or cancellation of orders. These disturbances may imply rescheduling. The contribution of this work is the development of an integrated model of Scheduling and Multilayer Control adopting the DMC control strategy for a CSTR multiproduct chemical plant. In the review of the literature, no integrated model of Scheduling and Advanced Multi-layered Real-Time Decision-Making for the treatment of demand and process perturbations of a CSTR chemical plant that generated rescheduling was found. Results of the computational simulation of scenarios of the model with several products in a hypothetical chemical plant allow to confirm the viability of its application.
O ensino de sociologia na educação básica: relatos de educadores da rede estadual de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Silva, Carolina Modena da; Leite, Kelen Christina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6616060349210475
This research discusses the teaching of Sociology in basic education and the numerous challenges for the consolidation of the discipline in high school were addressed. This research encompasses the historic construction of Sociology, from its main authors: Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, and of some theoretical-methodological approaches and concepts, it also debates the social, political, economic, cultural and educational transformations undertaken from the advent of the capitalist system of production. The development of Sociology in the country presents itself with its main debates and some authors. The teaching of the discipline in high school is discussed through semi-structured interviews with some teacher from State Educational System, who has addressed their dilemmas, challenges, experiences and the workplace structure and Sociology teaching in Brazil.
Interações ecológicas entre a macrófita invasora lírio-do-brejo (Hedychium coronarium – J. Köenig, 1783) e macroinvertebrados aquáticos de zona litoral: implicações na estruturação comunitária e herbivoría
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Saulino, Hugo Henrique Lanzi; Strixino, Susana Trivinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8827103613582262
Biological invasions are the main cause of biodiversity erosion, which is widespread in several invasive species that have antropogenic interference as a key process. Invasive macrophyte species can shift structures of associated communities, and they can interfere in many ecological process in aquatic ecosystems. For these issues, macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional analyses can show the ecological alteration processes that occur between macrofauna and these plant species. Through the surveys performed at the Fazzari reservoir (Universidade Federal de São Carlos), the potential impact of the invasive macrophyte white ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium - J. Köenig, 1783) on the taxonomic and functional diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates dwelling the littoral zone of the reservoir was assessed. In chapters I and II of this doctoral thesis, habitat alterations caused by the white ginger lily are explored and its effect on the role of the habitat in aquatic insect assemblages is discussed. Chapters III and IV explore aspects of the resource quality of white ginger lily on associated macroinvertebrates. The final experiment also assess the implication of the resource quality provided by white ginger lily in the taxonomic and functional changes of herbivore species and their effect on macroinvertebrate food webs. The main impact of this invasive macrophyte species on the functional and structure assemblage of macroinvertebrates was related to habitat alterations caused because of white ginger lily’s faster vegetative growth. Its presence in the littoral zone seemed to show an important influence on the aquatic insect structure assemblages as well as on habitat losses. Through lower functional diversity indices and significant participation of predator larvae in the invaded reservoir banks, it was possible to infer that this invasive macrophyte promoted higher habitat complexity and lower band loss in the littoral zone. For its allochtthonous resource quality aspects, its leaves demonstrated better quality when compared with the native pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata – L.), which presents similar ecological characteristics. The higher quality resource of this invasive macrophyte was shown to be an important factor to generalist herbivore species, which differed in taxonomic composition of specialist herbivore species present in the native macrophyte leaves. Although invasive and native macrophyte species seemed to support similar macroinvertebrates structures, which were composed mainly of omnivore species, pickerelweed leaves, which are of lower nutritional quality, were shown to be unfavorable to the herbivore species. The leaf chemical traits of the native species, such as lower N% and higher P% and polyphenols, negatively influenced the herbivore functional richness, as well as caused a decrease in predator-prey rations in the food web structure. This indicated a bottom-up effect. The results suggest that the role of macrophytes in the habitat and resource quality provided by macrophyte leaf species has an important influence on the life history of macroinvertebrates and freshwater herbivores, which in turn directly interfere with changes in the entire macroinvertebrate structure. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of selecting native species with a high resource quality in restoration practices for freshwater biodiversity conservation.
Catching up ou falling behind? As transformações da estrutura produtiva brasileira em comparação a indústria internacional entre o período de 1995 a 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Gomes, Guilherme Nascimento; Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1661837972296115
The technological and economical changes observed in the last quarter of 20th century, associated with the tech-economical paradigm based on the microelectronic, built the bases to the resurgence of the Networking company, which has led to the global manufacturing redirection. In this context, this study aims to analyze the changes in the Brazilian productive structure from 1995 till 2014 using as benchmark for the comparative analyzes the productive structure of United States, Germany, Japan, China and Mexico. We also search to answers to the questions regarding the movements of catching up or falling behind of the Brazilian manufacturing industry regarding to the international frontier. Through an extensive set of indicators to the productive, technological and international commerce dimensions, we identify the economic sectors that are catching up and those which are falling behind. The results show that there have been losses in industrial value added, GDP and industrial employment in all the industrialized countries, suggesting a deindustrialization process. On the other hand, the capitalist periphery has become industrialized by receiving the strictly productive stage of the processes, especially China. The Brazilian coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel sector stands out for presenting higher productivity compared to the USA, revealing a successful catching up made by a developing country. However, in the last years, the productivity of this sector has fallen down. This effect of falling behind is observed in general in the Brazilian manufacturing industry, especially in the typical sectors of the microelectronic paradigm.
Uso e cobertura do solo na capacidade potencial de armazenamento hídrico em microbacias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24) Noronha, Maísa de; Rizzi, Nivaldo Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5902279243940396; Valente, Roberta Averna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6325594456241264
The forest cover influences on runoff, supporting the best water precipitation infiltration of rainwater than other land-uses and, it has interfered positively on the water availability. This way, the land-cover changes, which are caused by the unplanned use of soil have caused problems as the reduction in the surface water flow. In this context, the objective of this study was the evaluation of the water-storage potential capacity in watersheds, aiming at comparing the runoff in function of its land-use/land-cover. It was verified the hydrology watersheds through the Curve Number method, highlighting the runoff coefficient (RC) parameter. The hydrology parameters were produced in three humidity conditions, defining the relation between the RC and real flow rates, that were collected during one hydrology year. The result was the flow variation depending on the rain, however, it happened with the land-uses influencing differently in the watersheds hydrology. Thus, there were differences in the water availability for the watersheds and, that one with the larger amount of forest cover area presented larger flow for all hydrology year. The land-use/land-cover influenced in the water-storage and in the runoff response-time. The highest RC value was observed, for the watershed with the highest forest cover area, in the follow conditions: drought and dry, average humidity and, soil moisture value close to field capacity. The second watershed, that has lower area cover by forest than the first. Likewise, its flow was function of the rain and, the land-use/land-cover had influenced directly in the water-storage and in the runoff response-time