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Caracterização da avifauna em áreas de transição agroecológica no assentamento Ipanema em Iperó-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Campos, Samara Cristina; Piratelli, Augusto João; Franco, Fernando Silveira
This work aims to compare the composition and dynamics of birds in agricultural environments in different stages of agroecological transition and environments with conventional planting with the forest areas present in the Ipanema National Forest, located in the city of Iperó-SP. The methodology used was transect sampling by all areas in the early morning or late afternoon, once per month for two hours. Two areas were studied in the Ipanema National Forest and six agricultural areas belonging to the Ipanema settlement, three lots being in the process of agroecological transition, one in the agroecological process, and two lots that use only conventional practices, with the use of pesticides and fertilizers Chemicals. Between April 2015 and February 2016, after 160 hours of sampling, 2403 contacts were recorded (1752 contacts in the settlement lots, 634 in the trails of Flona de Ipanema), which sampled 150 bird species belonging to 43 families. The largest number of species occurred in Flona de Ipanema, on the Pedra Santa trail with 122 species, followed by 72 species in area 6 (agroecological planting) and 51 species on the Afonso Sardinha trail in Flona de Ipanema. The guild that stood out in all areas was the insectivorous, followed by omnivores in most areas. The richness of birds in the agricultural areas did not surpass those belonging to the native forest areas, however, the area with agroecological production, presented a greater wealth and abundance in relation to the other areas analyzed, evidencing that agroecological areas may present greater avifauna diversity, when compared to other types of plantation.
Análise da mobilidade, dupla tarefa funcional e quedas em idosos preservados cognitivamente, com comprometimento cognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Ansai, Juliana Hotta; Andrade, Larissa Pires de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646; Rebelatto, José Rubens; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1028110691131464
Introduction: Recent studies reported mobility deficits and higher prevalence of falls in older people with cognitive impairment, even in mild stages of impairment. However, differences in mobility during simple and dual task situations between older people with preserved cognition (PC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (mild stage) are still not clear. Sophisticated mobility tools and dual task activities with new, functional and challenging secondary tasks could be effective in identifying subtle motor changes. Moreover, a better understanding about the relationship between cognitive and motor changes and the fall risk factors in older people with MCI and AD could provide new knowledge about the physiopathology of MCI and AD and could help in better planning of screening, prevention and interventions of falls, MCI and AD. Objective: to analyze mobility, functional dual task and falls in older people with PC, MCI and mild AD. Method: The sample was composed by 40 community-dwelling older people with PC, 40 MCI and 38 mild AD. All volunteers performed an assessment, including anamneses, history of falls in the past year, cognition (Addenbrooke’s cognitive Examination-revised version and Frontal Assessment Battery), dual task (Timed up and go test-TUG associated with the motor-cognitive task of calling a phone number) and functional mobility (10-meter walk test and TUG). The TUG phases (sit-to-stand, walking forward, turn, walking back and turn-to-sit) were assessed using a system of movement analysis (Qualisys motion system). Still, the occurrence of falls was collected prospectively in a 6-month follow up using falls calendar and monthly calls in older people with MCI and AD. Sociodemographic and clinical, level of physical activity, functional status, functional mobility, cognitive and depressive variables were analyzed as potential fall risk factors. For statistical analysis, a significance level of α=0.05 was adopted and the SPSS software was used (20.0). Results: Older people with cognitive impairment (MCI and mild AD) presented more falls (retrospective data) compared to people with PC, and specific characteristics (place, consequences) about history of falls between groups were identified. Regarding dual task and 10-meter walk tests, only measures of dual task test distinguished older people with mild AD from PC and MCI and no measure could differ MCI and PC groups. In relation to functional mobility (kinematic data), all TUG phases could differentiate older people with AD from PC, except the sit-to-stand phase. The walking forward phase differed older people with PC from MCI, specifically on range of motion variables during stance phase. The walking back, turn and turn-to-sit phases distinguished older subjects with AD from MCI. Regarding the association between cognitive domains and mobility, different cognitive domains predicted the 10-meter walk test and the isolated cognitive-motor task measures among groups. The visuospatial domain was independently associated with TUG (total time) in MCI and AD groups and with the dual task test in all three groups. No significant associations were found between the walking TUG phases and cognitive domains in any group. However, executive function deficits was associated with impairments of transition TUG phases in the three groups. The visuospatial domain was identified as an independent predictor of turn-to-walk and turn-to-sit measures in the AD Group. During the 6-month follow-up, 52,6% of MCI people and 51,4% of AD people fell at least once. After multivariate analysis, the dual task test and the turn-to-sit phase were able to independently predict falls in older people with MCI and AD, respectively. Conclusion: The dual task test used was able to distinguish older people with AD from PC and MCI. The analysis of transition and also the walking TUGT phases separately is essential in the identification of mobility patterns among cognitive profiles of older people. Still, the findings demonstrate the importance of considering the influence of specific cognitive domains in daily mobility tasks in order to improve rehabilitation and prevention of cognitive and mobility disturbances. The prediction of visuospatial domain on postural transition tasks may provide insight into why people with AD have an elevated fall risk. The modifiable fall risk factors found can be used to detect risk of falls, as well as improving interventions for preventing falls in older adults with MCI and AD, with focus on exercises involving dual task and transition postural activities.
A curva catenária como aplicação da função exponencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Mendes, Marlon Freitas; Peixoto, Magda da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0413910306376054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9173807180383279
The current study aims to elaborate a didactic sequence to study the catenary curve through the dynamic geometry perspective. In onder to highlight the importance of using software/application to better understand the function and its graphical representation, a study has been made on its historical development, notation, construction as well as its properties. Therefore, a lesson plan on the curve will be applied to High School students. Based on their reports, we intend to analyze and discuss these results.
Desenvolvimento de um biossensor amperométrico baseado em uricase oxidase associado com nanopartículas de platina para detecção de ácido úrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Anunciação, Eduardo Almeida; Ferreira, Marystela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7956749978703153
Uric acid is an endogenous substance produced from the metabolism of purines. The concentration of serum uric acid in the human body considered normal is between 0.24 - 0.52 mmol.L-1 . High levels of uric acid in the body lead to a condition known as hyperuricemia. Therefore, the monitoring of uric acid in the body is of great importance. In this work we present amperometric biosensors based on the association of the enzyme UOx with platinum nanoparticles to detect uric acid. The technique used to assemble the films that compose the biosensor was the Layer-by-Layer (LbL). Two techniques were used for the synthesis of nanoparticles for the construction of two different film architectures. In the first architecture, the nanoparticles were deposited in situ on a polyethyleneimine (PEI) and sodium polyvinyl sulfate (PVS) film - by reducing hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate with sodium borohydride. The bilayers composed of (PEI/UOx)n were deposited on a film containing platinum nanoparticles deposited in situ. In the second architecture, the nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing PEI solution with hexachloroplatinic acid solution and sodium borohydride solution. This solution was deposited alternating with enzymatic solution. The amperometric analyses were performed at +0.347 V potential, with successive additions of 2 mmol.L-1 of uric acid in an electrochemical cell containing phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4. For the first architecture, the limit of detection found by the amperometric method was 5.17 µmol.L-1 with the linear detection range comprised in the range between 3.92 - 11.3 µmol.L-1 . For the second architecture, the limit of detection found by the amperometric method was 4.68 µmol.L-1 with a linear detection range between 14.18 - 55.56 µmol.L-1 . For the same architecture an using the differential pulse voltammetry method the values of limit of detection and linear detection range were 0.11 µmol.L-1 and particles / mL, respectively. The biosensors presented limits of detection close to the values found in the literature for other biosensor proving to be efficient for the detection of uric acid.
A prática de autolesão em jovens : uma dor a ser analisada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Barbosa, Viviane da Silva; Hortense, Priscilla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7153278628783234; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684748097526674
Self-harm is an act with a non-letal outcome in which the individual performs one of the following acts: practice of behaviors intended to injure himself; ingestion of an overdose of what has been prescribed or the known therapeutic dose; ingestion of an illicit or recreational drug in an act that the person considers to be a self-harm; ingestion of substances or non-ingestible objects. Due to the variety of behaviors it was decided to investigate only the acts of cutting, burning, hitting, scratching, piercing the skin with sharp objects and poking at the skin to cause injuries. The general objective was to investigate the phenomenon of self-harm based on the meanings attributed to it by young people who experience or experienced it. The specific objectives were to identify the practice and the reasons for self-harm from the experiences of young people, to evaluate the perception of pain in young people who practice or have practiced self-harm, analyze the meanings that these young people attribute to self-harm, propose interpretative hypotheses on the reports of the young who practice or have practiced self-harm based on content analysis freudian psychoanalytic theory. A qualitative research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with young people between 18 and 28 years old who practice or practiced self-harm. Ten interviews were carried out and through content analysis seven categories were identified: "the context of self-harm", "sensations and feelings", "motives", "goal", "associated aspects", "the meanings of pain" and "described experiences". The analysis of the results was based on Freudian theory. The reported experiences related to self-harm seem to have in common the psychic suffering, the difficulties of dealing with this suffering and the need for unloading. Physical pain is cited as different from other situations and seems to contribute to the reported relief when they pratice self-harm. The speeches refer to several issues as losses, mourning, anguish, masochism, suicide/death and life. One can associate self-harm to the challenges of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood, with melancholic experiences related to the reworking of identity and sexual identity. Furthermore, the self-harm appears in the speeches as a substitute to suicide since it provides temporary relief from psychic pain, seemingly unbearable at times. Thus, self-harm appears to be a symptom which expresses intense psychic suffering. From this, further discussion on the subject is important, which should cover parents, teenagers, professionals in education and health, besides the elaboration of prevention and treatment measures.
Gestão de Produção mais Limpa em pequenas empresas: uma proposta metodológica desenvolvida por meio de pesquisa-ação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Nunes, José Roberto Rolim; Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2520617080497625
The main objective of this research is to propose a Cleaner Production (CP) management methodology for small companies. CP can be understood as continual application of a preventive environmental strategy integrated to service, products and process in order to reduce risks to people and environment as well to increase process efficiency. Many companies, in particular the big ones, have adopted CP practices to reduce environment impacts and they have obtained, by extension, economic benefits by waste generation reduction and usage of less quantity of energy, water and materials. Despite its benefits, it is perceived low level of adherence to environmental management based on CP in the group of small companies, which is attributed to several barriers, such as few financial resources, lack of involvement of people and lack of leadership. This research analyzed how to structure the CP actions in a small metallurgical company by using the action research during five years. Data were collected and analyzed by means of participant observation. As main result this study proposes a CP management methodology in small companies composed by a five steps cyclical phase and a meta-phase. The proposed methodology showed to be a feasible way to conduct environment management in the research unit. It was observed that actions of monitoring and promoting CP improvement, prioritization of preventive opportunities and people involvement facilitate the evolution of continuous improvement in the proposed methodology.
Representação distrital e coalizões legislativas : o impacto da sobrerrepresentação nas votações no Congresso brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Kauchakje, Samira; Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0522501979573344
This thesis addresses the relationship between mallaportionment and legislative behavior, precisely, the effects of overrepresentation on legislative outcomes, It is well established that overrepresented subnational units benefit disproportionately from resources distributed by the central government. Explanations for this fact are based on a model of legislative bargaining over distributive projects. Therefore, the focus of this investigation is the legislative coalitions. However, this model assumes legislators who are elected in single-member districts, where there is a one-to-one correspondence between the legislator and the district. In these systems, defining the interest of the district is straightforward and the legislator can easily claim credit for defending it. The same is not true in multi-member districts where interests that successfully seek representation are varied and legislators elected from the same district can claim to represent different constituencies. So, the goal of this research is to prove the applicability of the legislative bargaining mechanism in a multi-member district electoral system. The central assumption is that in multi member electoral districts, legislative coalitions cut-across the apportionment cleavage and wash out the impact that overrepresentation might have had under a single-member electoral structure. I test this claim by comparing legislative coalitions in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies and the Senate between 1989 and 2014 and examined the pattern of transferences of federal funds of the central government to subnational units of the country. While both Brazilian houses are symmetric in their power, elections for the former are based on proportional representation electoral systems in large districts and for the later on majority rules in one or two-member districts. I performed three types of descriptive statistical analyses: voting unit analysis; dyadic analysis and winning coalitions analysis. The results showed that the relation between the higher volume of fiscal transferences and overrepresentation is stronger in the Senate. In turn, it was demonstrated that, although the effects of overrepresentation on the coalitions is also higher in the Senate; in general, the impact of malapportionment in the congress is discreet. Thus, denying the expectations disseminated by the literature, the legislative bargain for distributive projects is not, necessarily, the underlying mechanism to distortion in the discretionary distribution of social resources which favors the overrepresented units.
A calmaria dos caminhos tortuosos : construção e método do Trivium medieval
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Silva, Carlos Henrique da; Bittar, Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9883641100782984
This dissertation is to analyze the construction and teaching method of the three liberal arts (grammar, logic and rhetoric) middle age historically known for Trivium. For this purpose, the dissertation aimed to analyze, at first, historical-philosophical construction of each of the arts that are part of the method, highlighting its main builders and its main sources of study throughout the Middle Ages. In a second step, the study sought to address a specific analysis of the method, highlighting its purpose and its practical functioning as an educational proposal for a historical period. At this stage, we chose to highlight the teaching practice of each of the mentioned arts, as well as its relationship to the organic whole that highlights the method. Finally, the work is a balance between historical and philosophical construction method and its end result as effective proposal for human formation, comprising therefore the dialectical unfolding of methodological construction and its final synthesis.
Autoria e textualização: humor nos processos de inscrição discursiva na constituição autoral de Tutty Vasques
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28) Chagas, Diogo Silva; Brito, Luiz André Neves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6863292359239733; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3055591959988392
Joining the theoretical framework of French Line Discourse Analysis, more precisely, to the reflections proposed by Maingueneau and Possenti, this work is developed from the studies on authorship and humour. For Maingueneau (2010), there are three different dimensions in relation to the notion of author: (i) the author-guarantor; (ii) the author-actor and (iii) the author-auctor. Maingueneau (2006; 2010) also uses the concept of paratopic creating, which refers to a development of three instances that forge the authorial construction; the instances are those of inscriber, writer and person. Considering this, Maingueneau (2010) understands that from this creative process emerges an image of author, which may be related to any of those dimensions of author (author-guarantor, author-actor, author-auctor). In addition, this work is developed taking into account what Possenti (2009) proposes as being signs of authorship, a proposal of analysis that understands that authorship can only be understood at a discursive level, by the signs. In relation to humour and humorous texts, we have recourse to the propositions of Raskin (1985) and Possenti (1998; 2013). We understand, in this work, that humour is due to the overlapping of scripts and that, in this overlapping, observable in the textualization, it is possible to observe the signs of authorship in operation. The corpus of this research groups texts from October to December 2014 written by Tutty Vasques for Tutty Humor (Tutty Humour) column on O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper, for the blog Tutty Humor: má notícia é a maior diversão (Tutty Humor: bad news is the biggest fun) on Portal Estadão, and the texts of his Twitter account, @tuttyvasques. The selected texts have similar characteristics: (i) they are mostly concise and (ii) they provoke a humorous effect always related to events which are contemporaneous with their publications. Taking into account the style of the author and the materialization of polemic discourses, the analysis of the corpus intends to show which image of author is emerged in relation to Tutty Vasques.