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Desenvolvimento sociocognitivo : relações entre teoria da mente e humor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Nogueira, Stephanie Cristine; Souza, Débora de Hollanda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3640676759708745; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9004451246864342
Theory-of-mind development is a process that has been investigated for decades by researchers from different fields (e.g., developmental psychologists, educators, neuroscientists and psychiatrists). A well-developed theory of mind implies the ability to attribute and understand one's own mental states and those of others, as well as to use this repertoire to explain and predict human behavior. The most significant advances in theory of mind are observed in preschool years and it is exactly at the end of this period that children begin to understand and appreciate humor. The use of humor, in turn, can not only facilitate social interactions, but can contribute to successful ones. Considering the limited number of Brazilian studies on these different aspects of child development, the main goal of the present work was to investigate the relationship between humor understanding and theory-of-mind development. Thirty-seven children, divided into two age groups (twenty 7-year-olds and seventeen 9-year-olds) and 23 adults (comparison group) participated in the present study. The instruments used were: Faux Pas Task (a theory of mind measure), one measure of sense of humor (MSHS for adults, C-MSHSC for children), and a task to assess humor appreciation, which was specifically designed for the present study. The humor appreciation task consisted in presenting participants with four jokes and four comic strips, extracted from children’s joke books and websites on comic strips directed to children. The set of selected jokes/comic strips were rated for funniness using a likert scale. Analyzes revealed differences in the pattern of preferences presented by children and adults in the humor appreciation task. More specifically, children showed more appreciation for the comic strips than adults, but no significant differences were found for joke ratings; the majority of participants rated them as "not at all funny" or "just a little bit funny”. Correlation analyses revealed a significant association between the Faux Pas total score and the MSHS score in all three age groups. More importantly, a correlation was found between children’s performance on the Faux Pas Task and their scores in one of the three C-MSHSC subscales: humor appreciation. Consistent with findings from previous studies, an age effect was found on performance in the Faux Pas Task. Results of the present study should contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between theory of mind and humor understanding, which may be, in turn, useful for the planning of interventions directed to individuals with delays in social cognition, in adverse situations or emotional pain.
Os alicerces da avaliação educacional no Brasil : a elaboração teórica de intelectuais na década de 1980
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Borges, Regilson Maciel; Rothen, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4262613256144204
The research analyzes the configuration of the scientific field of educational evaluation in Brazil in the 1980s, starting with the identification of Brazilian authors who helped to construct this field and their respective theoretical contributions on the subject in question. The 1980s were particularly rich for the organization of the Brazilian educational field, especially for evaluation, as it was a period in which the first systematized evaluation experiences for education in the country were formulated (Edurural / 1981, Paru 1983 , Cnres / 1985, Geres / 1986), a period in which considerable knowledge on educational evaluation was also accumulated, and which eventually became the main theoretical references for this subject. With these information, we can discuss the following question: what was the configuration of the scientific field of Brazilian educational evaluation in the 1980s? In order to respond to this questioning, we do a bibliographical and documentary research, associated with the strategies of bibliometric studies and content analysis. This methodology was developed in four stages: 1) Review of the bibliography; 2) Collection and organization of sources; 3) Analysis and interpretation of data; and 4) Presentation of the results of the research. Our hypothesis is that it was in the 1980s that the two main approaches to evaluation that started the discussions about educational evaluation in Brazil began to be outlined: one based mainly on the measurement of results and another that primarily advocates participation in evaluation processes. The results try to make explicit the understanding of the authors analyzed around what is evaluation, of which who are the responsible for the evaluation process, the methodologies defended in the accomplishment of the evaluation processes and of which uses of the evaluation results. The following positions are recurrent in the period: a) the evaluation appears as an inherent activity to the human doing, and therefore cannot be reduced to a mechanical action, since it implies in a relationship of power and negotiation between evaluator and evaluated; b) for the evaluator is required maturity and professional experience to deal with the complex activities that result from the evaluation process; c) the evaluation methodologies do not have a single standard, because they vary according to what is being evaluated and with the expertise of the evaluator; and d) regarding the use of evaluation results, the best option was if they made it public as soon as possible to assist in making decisions that aim at improving what has been evaluated. The research also shows that being in favor of one of the evaluation approaches, besides representing the interests of agents who defend and put into practice fundamentals that guide the understanding about what is evaluation, who should conduct the process, how it should be carried out and the what to do with its results, also reveals the more general concepts that support the very existence of the field. Our conclusion is that the scientific field of educational evaluation in Brazil in the 1980s was in the process of being constituted and its logic of functioning was based more on the complementarity of ideas on the subject of evaluation than on conflicts and competitions.
Programa de formação em informática para professores no atendimento de alunos com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Ferreira, Naidson Clayr Santos; Almeida, Maria Amélia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316944549621648; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6924681575456091
In the past years, computing has progressed in such a way that it has reached many aspects of human life, producing modern elements that accelerate communication among people, institutions and their mutual relations. Among these, there is the school. The changes that happen day-by-day because of computer science may interfere in the educational process. The teacher needs to be prepared so that learning can happen in several ways and spaces. This way, a development on the teacher way of acting is required. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate an IT training program for teachers who attend students with visual impairment. This research had the following specific objectives: a) to contribute to the teacher‟s appropriation of theoretical and practical knowledge about visual impairment; b) to provide training to teachers so they can operate the computer using basic functions of the main products such as operating systems (Windows, Linux), text editors (Word 2010), the spreadsheets (Excel 2010), presentation applications (PowerPoint), the Internet; c) to provide teachers with training in the use of softwares for the elaboration of accessible materials, screen amplifiers and screen readers, for attending students with visual impairment; d) to verify the performance of teachers in practical activities with students with visual impairment. e) to correlate the performance of teachers in the program with their performance in the practice with students with visual impairment. Twelve teachers took part of this study, distributed as follows: a substitute teacher belonging to the teaching staff of the Instituto Federal Baiano – Campus Guanambi, and 11 from the Municipal Education Network of Guanambi and Caetité who work in Multifunctional Resource Rooms. The data collection site was the Instituto Federal Baiano Federal – Campus Guanambi. For this purpose, the computer laboratory was used with 20 computers, equipped with the necessary software for the execution of the Computer Training Program. The instruments used for the data collection were: an initial questionnaire for checking profile and the level of knowledge in basic informatics, informatics in the school context and informatics in special education; in addition, before and after tests related to the Modules and activity practices. For the data analysis procedures, comparisons were made between the before and after test scores, the teachers‟ frequency in each module and their grades in the activity practices. The course was divided into nine modules: Module I - Basic Computer Skills, within 30 hours; Module II – Application Systems I, within 40 hours; Module III – Application Systems III within, 20 hours; Module IV – Didactic Material Accessibility, within 10 hours; Module V – Accessible Book, within 10 hours; Module VI – Easy Braille, within 20 hours; Module VII – Screen magnifiers, within 10 hours; Module VIII – Windows screen readers within 40 hours, and Module IX – Linux screen magnifier, within 20 hours. The course took place in two academic periods, that is, from October to December 2014, and after the teachers‟ vacations, from February to September 2015. The results showed that the research contributed to the teachers' learning process in order to operate the computer using the basic functions of the main products such as operating systems (Windows, Linux), text editors (Word 2010), the spreadsheets (Excel 2010), presentation applications (PowerPoint), the Internet. It also enabled the teachers to the use of softwares in the elaboration of accessible materials to attend visually impaired students, as well as the use of screen magnifiers and readers to assist students with visual impairment.
Modelagens estatística para dados de sobrevivência bivariados : uma abordagem bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Ribeiro, Taís Roberta; Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8535649395348433
The frailty models are used to model the possible associations between survival times. Another alternative developed for modeling the dependence between multivariate data is the use of models based on copulas functions. In this paper we propose two derived survival models of copula of the Ali-Mikhail-Haq (AMH) and of the Frank to model the dependence of bivariate data in the presence of covariates and censored observations. For inferential purposes, we conducted a Bayesian approach using Monte Carlo methods in Markov Chain (MCMC). Some discussions on the model selection criteria were presented. In order to detect influential observations we use the Bayesian method of cases of deletion of influence analysis based on the difference ^. Finally, we show the applicability of the proposed models to sets of simulated and real data. We present, too, a new survival model with bivariate fraction of healing, which takes into account three settings for the latent activation mechanism: random activation, first activation and final activation. We apply this model to a set of Direct Credit loan data to the Consumer mode (DCC) and compare the settings, through Bayesian criteria for selection of models, which of the three models best fit. Finally, we show our future proposal for further research.
Efeitos da presença do coelho na avaliação e tolerância de som desagradável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Rabello, Jaqueline Picanço; Chagas, Marcos Hortes Nisihara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7060083823888759; Domeniconi, Camila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9684535663947328; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469855330984411
The coexistence between man and the animals that surround him has been occurring for the last ten thousand years. Benefits of living with pets have been reported by different areas of knowledge and are related to physical and mental health, being associated with protection factors against depression, anxiety, among others. However, the deficient operationalization of procedures in this area makes it difficult to understand the phenomenon and the scientific production. The present study had as objective to verify the influence of the presence of a rabbit in the tolerance to unpleasant sonorous stimulus. Thirty adults, aged 20 to 34 years (M = 24.3 and SD = 3.2) participated in the study. Participants were exposed to unpleasant sounds by means of headphones coupled to a portable computer in three different conditions. In the Rabbit condition, participants listened to the sound as they watched a rabbit in front of its cage. In the Movie condition, participants listened to the sound while watching a video of the same rabbit inside their cage. In turn, in the Control condition, the participants listened to the sound without distracting stimulus. The time of permanence in the conditions, heart rate and galvanic conductance of the skin were measured, as well as the responses provided to a Scale of Differential Semantics and Visual Analog Humor Scale. The results indicated that participants assessed more positively and remained longer, in seconds, under Film (M = 253.27, SD = 177.99) and Rabbit (M = 255.37s, SD = ± 179.34 ), when compared to Control (M = 172.4, SD = ± 169.9). The data showed that visual contact with the rabbit, physically and also through the video, increased the tolerance to the unpleasant sound stimulus, and also promoted a better evaluation of the participants regarding the stressful situation.
Repertório social de crianças sob acolhimento institucional e habilidades sociais educativas de seus cuidadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Guerra, Lívia Lira de Lima; Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3343014689467224
A good social skills (SS) repertoire has been identified as a protective factor for problems in the course of child development, especially for children in vulnerable situations, as is the case of institutionalized children. The literature suggests that these children have marked deficits in their physical and cognitive development, compared to children with typical development. As such, one can question whether there are deficits in the socioemotional development of this specific population in terms of social skills and behavior problems. Given that a caregiver is the reference adult for these children, one may also question whether and how well this person promotes the child’s social skills development. The objective of this study was to characterize the social skills repertoire and behavior problems among children in residential care in four institutions located in three medium-sized cities in the interior of São Paulo - SP. It intended to also characterize the repertoire of Social Skills and Educative Social Skills (ESS) caregivers / guardians of these children, as well as investigate possible links between the repertoire of the caregivers and the children. Therefore, we used: the brazilian version of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS); the Social Skills Inventory (IHS-Del-Prette); The Inventory of Educative Social Skills (IHSE-Parents version for caregivers). Participants were 36 children, of both genders, aged 6 to 12 years and 19 caregivers between 23 and 62 years years of age. The descriptive and inferential statistical analyses showed that: (1) the sample of children had scores below norms in social skills, especially for empathy, with externalizing behavior problems, according to the caregivers, were of above average frequency; (2) caregivers had scores classified as medium repertoire (lower and upper) in social skills and below average in educative social skills; (3) children with higher social skills showed fewer behavior problems; (4) .Children with a higher SS repertoire tended to more positively assess the caregivers’s social educative skills repertoire. (5) No significant result was found among the children's caregivers' and SS's repertoire of Educative Social Skills, as is expected in the case of parents and children; (6) However, in the case of the sample of caregivers from the present study, attention and affection / talk / dialogue skills were the most deficient, precisely those positively correlated with the children's social skills repertoire and present in the repertoire of parents whose children have a broader repertoire of SS. It was hypothesized that possibly caregivers invest more in those children with better repertoire. We discuss, therefore, differences in institutional and family contexts and the importance of caregivers as models of secure attachment and expression of affection towards the child. Such findings can also be considered in the hiring of professional caregivers as well as in the planning of interventions based on ESS. The data also suggest the relevance of interventions aimed at promoting SS of institutionalized children as a way of contributing to their social-emotional development.
Políticas públicas/estatais e Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária : estudo dos efeitos do PRONERA no sudoeste baiano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Costa, Sidiney Alves; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9637664414979256
Based on the assumption that the objective conditions of capitalist society delimit the possibilities of State-Society-Social Movements relationship and mark the public/state policy to meet focused demands and ensure the social cohesion of the capitalist mode of production, the thesis studies the National Program of Education in Agrarian Reform (PRONERA), created in 1998 to answer literacy demands and to increase the schooling of Agrarian Reform settlers. Its central objective was to analyze the educational formation inside the PRONERA, problematizing the effects that it has for the education of the settlers. In order to do so, it chose as object of study the execution of PRONERA in the Southwest Region of Bahia, from 1998 to 2015, analyzing the projects of Literacy, Elementary Education and Technical Education of Medium Level realized by the State University of the Southwest of Bahia (UESB), in agreement with INCRA / PRONERA, to identify their effects on the access of the settlers to the superior courses offered by the State University of Bahia (UNEB), executed in agreement with INCRA / PRONERA. The documents show that PRONERA increases the schooling of beneficiaries who did not attend the regular educational system. However, because it is a Program that implements projects, with defined objectives and time, subject to the conjuncture of the university, government agencies and the political and economic situation of the country, it doesn‘t allow the majority of the settlers access to the projects, even more to the higher level, resulting in a public/state policy that serves both to focus interests and to ensure social cohesion.
Desempenho de cultivares e potencial fisiológico das sementes de milho produzidas em sistema orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Martin, Bruna Cavinatti; Fontanetti, Anastácia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0887324011630522
Maize is one of the most cultivated cereals in the world and it is among the most important cereals for the consolidation of the production chains of meat, eggs, milk and derivatives in organic system, being one of the main components of the rations. However, there is still little information about the performance of cultivars and quality of maize seed produced in the organic this system. The present work aimed evaluate the performance of maize cultivars in the organic system, as well as the physiological potential of the seeds produced. The experiments were conducted between December 2015 and October 2016. The first experiment was accomplished in the 2015/2016 harvest in an experimental area conducted in the organic system for eight years, located at the Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, Agrarian Sciences Center, CCA, in Araras county, SP.Therefore, this study seek to rate the performance of commercial cultivars (improved and hybrid varieties) and local corn varieties in organic system, as well as to analyze the physiological quality of the produced seeds.The experiment was conducted in 2015/2016 crop, conducted in a eight-year organic system experimental area, placed in Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), in Araras county, São Paulo. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replications. Were tested three commercial varieties of corn: (AL Avaré, AL Bandeirantes and AL Piratininga), two hybrids (P30F53 AND 2B587) and two open pollinated variety - OPV (Santa Rita 1 and Santa Rita 2). The evaluated agronomic characteristics were: plant average height (PH), stem average diameter (SD), plants stand final(FS), average number of row per spike (NRS) average number of grains row (RGN) and average number of spike grains (SGN) average number, weight of 1000 grains (M1000), Falker chlorophyll index (FCI) and grain productivity (PROD).Also evaluted the leaf content nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in cornmaize, the infestation rate (IR) e diseases severity of the spikes (DS) and the armyworm(Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) susceptibility. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means grouped by the Scott Knott test at a 5% level of significance. The second experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Production and Forest Resources of the CCA, UFSCar in the municipality of Araras-SP. The experimental design was a completely randomized, 7 x 2 factorial design with four replications. The first factor was the seeds of the maize cultivars and the second was the storage time of the seeds in PET bottles (zero and 90 days). For evaluete the physiological potential of the seeds were evaluated: weight of 1000 seed mass, first germination count, germination test, first germination count after, accelerated aging test and the emergency speed index. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were grouped by the Tukey statistical test, at the 5% level of significance. The hybrid 2B587 presents the best performance in organic farming, fact that is probably related to their drought tolerance, foliar nitrogen content and Falker chlorophyll index. It's important evaluate their perfomance in another crop because the perfomance should be the intrinsic characteristics of each grow crops and their environmental interaction. The seeds produced in organic system presented high vigor and percentage of germination, even after the storage in PET bottle, which maintained the quality after 90 days of storage.
Produção, caracterização estrutural e propriedades de armazenagem de hidrogênio de ligas Mg-Zr
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Strozi, Renato Belli; Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807; Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1446491958389890
Magnesium is considered a promising candidate in applications of storage hydrogen in the solid state, due, among other factors, to its low relative cost and high gravimetric capacity (7,6 wt%.). For magnesium, the use of transition metals as additives may show great improvements in the kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption. Different additives can have different functionalities, for example, reducing the energy barrier for H2 adsorption and acting as a heterogeneous nucleating agent in the kinetics of phase transformation. In this research, the main effects of the use of zirconium (Zr) as an additive of the magnesium for the purposes of hydrogen storage in bulks produced by rapid solidification in melt-spinning furnace and cold rolling were studied in detail. Basically, structural characteristics were related to the behavior of absorption / desorption. The alloy produced by cold rolling showed behavior of activation and absorption similar to the pure Mg which was produced by the same route. For the route processed by melt spinning, the use of zirconium as additive has presented a deleterious effect on the activation. However, after activation, the kinetics of absorption exhibit behavior similar to pure Mg. The activation had significantly improved after mechanical or thermal processing, however, the structural characteristics that permeate this effect still have a lack of studies. For both process route, the desorption kinetics presented excellent results, reducing the complete reaction in a few minutes. With the results obtained it is possible to conclude that the use of zirconium as an additive in magnesium alloys has no beneficial effect on absorption. In the other hand, the desorption is extremely attractive. After exposure to air, it was verified that both compositions presented formation of contaminants on the surface and this made the activation a difficult way. However, this effect was more latent in pure magnesium.
Avaliação do desempenho dos tratamentos das superfícies dos meios filtrantes submetidos à filtração por pulso de ar reverso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-31) Cirqueira, Samirys Sara Rodrigues; Tanabe, Eduardo Hiromitsu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9778700143605069; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2152791108686871
The objective of this work was to characterize different fibrous filters after filtration and to evaluate the surface treatment performance of these materials during pulse jet filtration, in the removal of micrometric particles of dolomitic limestone. The filtration tests were performed maintaining the filtration velocity constant at 4 cm/s. The operating parameters of the cleaning media used were 200 ms and 2 kgf/cm2, corresponding to the cleaning pulse time and pressure, respectively. The experimental results were: residual pressure drop, cycle time, retained mass, cleaning and collection efficiency, particle deposition depth, deposited particle size, deposited particle size, permeability, porosity, thickness, roughness and diameter of the fibers of the filter media. Thus, in the comparison of fibrous filters of the same fiber (polyester fiber), the results presented different performances during the filtration due to the different surfaces, with untreated and treated (singeing/calendering and calendering/thermofixation). Untreated surface filters showed higher cleaning efficiency, lower residual pressure drop and increased permeability after fifty regenerations. However, greater wear on the fibers was observed. The fibrous filters with surface untreated showed close permeability values, lower cleaning efficiencies and higher residual pressure drop after 50 filter cycles. In addition, these fibrous filters with surface treated presented higher collection efficiency after the filtration cycles, in relation to the fibrous filter untreated surface. This indicates that the treatment on the surface of the filter medium is indispensable for cycles with long duration using the pulse jet cleaning. In the comparison of polyester and polypropylene fiber media subjected to the same treatment (calendering/thermofixation), the results showed a high cleaning efficiency in the initial cycles, but a reduction of the cleaning efficiency occurred with the increase of the filtration cycles. Furthermore, after the 100 filter cycles, the polyester fiber media showed higher cleaning efficiency, higher collection efficiency, lower particle retention (lower number and lower particle deposition depth), higher permeability, lower residual pressure and lower mass retained after the pulse jet cleaning in relation to PTFE immersion polypropylene media. It was also verified that, the polyester filter media, collected more particles on the surface, characterizing a surface filtration and a lower penetration of the dolomitic limestone particles in relation to the polypropylene fiber filter medium. These results implied that the surface porosity of the filter medium interfered in the formation and removal of the formed powder layer, helping or preventing the cleaning of the filter medium. Thus, it was found that the polyester fiber filter media showed the best operating performance with high collection and cleaning efficiency.