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Comparing two populations using Bayesian Fourier series density estimation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-12) Inacio, Marco Henrique de Almeida; Izbicki, Rafael; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1931901020027887
Given two samples from two populations, one could ask how similar the populations are, that is, how close their probability distributions are. For absolutely continuous distributions, one way to measure the proximity of such populations is to use a measure of distance (metric) between the probability density functions (which are unknown given that only samples are observed). In this work, we work with the integrated squared distance as metric. To measure the uncertainty of the squared integrated distance, we first model the uncertainty of each of the probability density functions using a nonparametric Bayesian method. The method consists of estimating the probability density function f (or its logarithm) using Fourier series {f0;f1; :::;fI}. Assigning a prior distribution to f is then equivalent to assigning a prior distribution to the coefficients of this series. We used the prior suggested by Scricciolo (2006) (sieve prior), which not only places a prior on such coefficients, but also on I itself, so that in reality we work with a Bayesian mixture of finite dimensional models. To obtain posterior samples of such mixture, we marginalize out the discrete model index parameter I and use a statistical software called Stan. We conclude that the Bayesian Fourier series method has good performance when compared to kernel density estimation, although both methods often have problems in the estimation of the probability density function near the boundaries. Lastly, we showed how the methodology of Fourier series can be used to access the uncertainty regarding the similarity of two samples. In particular, we applied this method to dataset of patients with Alzheimer.
Avaliação da qualidade de vida de indivíduos com carcinoma bem diferenciado de tireoide através do WHOQOL-100
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-12) Furino, Fernanda de Oliveira; Germano, Carla Maria Ramos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1685750854841732; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1320368622089246
Background: Quality of life (QoL) is a broad construct that encompasses multidimensionality and subjectivity in its definition. This evaluation is being used in the oncological area. Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is one of the types of head and neck carcinomas that affect QoL. The differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) subtype comprises most cases. Total thyroidectomy is the chosen surgery in cases of DTC and some benign thyroid pathology. DTC treatment includes, in addition to surgery, radioiodine therapy and suppressive doses of levothyroxine. Although it is a carcinoma with an excellent prognosis, the impact of the diagnosis, the complexity of the treatment, clinical follow-up and the risk of recurrence may lead negative impacts on QoL. Objective: To evaluate the QoL of patients treated of DTC using the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire. Methodology: This study had a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional design. 300 individuals were evaluated and divided into the following groups: thyroid carcinoma (CaT), benign pathologies (PB) and control (C). Their QoL was measured using the WHOQOL-100 self-administered instrument. In the descriptive analysis, the categorical data were represented in absolute and relative frequencies and the numerical ones in average, standard deviation and standard error. The differences between averages of the quantitative variables were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn post-test, with a significance of 5%. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad prism 5® software. The evaluation of the interaction between the variables was conducted through stratified and multivariate analyzes (multiple correlation). The value of the regression parameter was defined as > 0.3 indicating a significant correlation value. Results: The domains that presented significantly reduced scores in CaT ≤ 45 years individuals were: physical health (p = 0.0115) in relation to group C; level of independence (p <0.0001) in relation to group C; The domain that presented a significantly increased score in CaT subjects ≤ 45 years was: environmental (p = 0.0064) in relation to groups C and PB. In the age range > 45 years, the domains that presented a significantly increased score in the CaT group were: environment (p = 0.0003) in relation to group C; Global QoL (p = 0.0129) in relation to group C. There were no significant differences in the psychological, social relations and spirituality domains between the groups. These results add to the existing literature new and recent knowledge about QoL in DTC patients, such as the finding of improvement in overall QoL in patients with DTC > 45 years; negative repercussion of the DTC on the physical health and level of independence domains in younger patients; importance of spirituality in Brazilian culture; higher scores in the environment domain in all ages of the individuals with DTC, which may reflect the success of programs designed to provide social and financial support to these patients. Discussion and conclusion: The adoption of some of the measures which may have important repercussions for the clinical practice are: actions that improve the patients' daily life should be adopted, such as the stimulating the practice of physical activity, follow-up and psychological support throughout the treatment for patients and their families, providing appropriate guidelines on the DTC and its treatment, as well as health promotion and awareness initiatives on DTC for the general population, individualized and agreed upon treatment with all the actors involved in patient care and provide adequate orientation about the rights of the patient with DTC, in order to ensure these individuals the opportunity to enjoy all the benefits guaranteed by Brazilian legislation.
Efeitos de nanodoses do inseticida tiametoxam para a abelha Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera, Apidae): da absorção ao orgão alvo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-12) Grella, Tatiane Caroline; Nocelli, Roberta Cornélio Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8934724759636382; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7075958229722933
The Brazilian bees are responsible for pollinating about 40-90% of native plants according to the ecosystem. Among the species found in Brazil is Melipona scutellaris, eussocial, able to perform pollination by vibration. However, bee populations have been affected by the use of pesticides, such as thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid and systemic insecticide, that is, its target organ is the brain and it can reach nectar and pollen through the sap of the plant. When the resources are ingested, the active ingredient first comes into contact with the intestine, the organ responsible for digestion and absorption, and then passes into the hemolymph, reaching the Malpighi tubules responsible for their filtration and excretion, as well as the brain, organ target. Due to the importance of understanding the metabolic pathway of this compound, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nanodoses of the insecticide thiamethoxam in the intestine, Malpighi tubules and the brain of M. scutellaris forages. For this, the bees were collected directly from the colonies and exposed, orally, to sublethal doses of thiamethoxam, LC50 = 0.0453 ng i.a./μL diet; LC50 / 10 = 0.00453 ng i.a./μL diet and LC50 / 100 = 0.000453 ng i.a./μL diet. Then, they were dissected after the start of the exposure times, 1, 4, 8 and 24h, and subjected to the Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), HSP90 (Thermal Shock Protein) and Tunel (Cell Death Detection Kit) techniques. Through the HE technique it was possible to observe that the higher concentrations caused alterations in the cellular morphology in the three studied organs, such as increased cellular elimination, strongly stained nuclei, loss of cytoplasmic material and chromatin condensation. The HSP90 technique showed an increase in the expression of the heat shock protein according to the increase in concentration at certain times and a balance in its production between the three organs, that is, when the production increases in one organ it decreases in the Other, except for the analysis of the results for the highest concentration, of the longer time in the target organ, which suffered a fall, which may indicate cellular death, which was not evidenced by the Tunel technique in any organ. Thus, we conclude that nanodoses of the insecticide thiamethoxam cause morphological damage, increase the expression of heat shock proteins and can lead to death