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Ansiedade induzida pelo modelo de empatia para dor : o papel da neurotransmissão GABAa-benzodiazepínica na modulação da ansiedade em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-26) Carmona, Isabela Miranda; Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2950733595921138
Anxiety is a fundamental emotional phenomenon, essential within the affective repertoire and its importance for the understanding of the emotional behaviors of the individuals promoted the development of preclinical studies that contribute to the understanding of the neurobilogical bases involved in this modulation. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of the amygdaloid complex in emotional behaviors related to anxiety and that and GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors play important role in the modulation of anxiety and nociception in animal models. Cohabiting with chronic pain produces an increase in anxiety in the observer mouse, these evidences support that through anxiety-like responses it is possible to observe the existence of emotional behavior present among the animals, characterized as empathy-like behaviors. This study investigated the effects of systemic and intra-amygdala injection of midazolam (MDZ), a GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor agonist, on the modulation of anxiety induced by cohabiting with a cagemate in neuropathic pain in mice exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). For this, male Swiss mice were housed in pairs and after 14 days were divided into two groups: cagemate nerve constriction (CNC), in which one animal from each pair was subjected to sciatic nerve constriction; cagemate sham (Sham), one animal from each pair was subjected to the same surgery but without constriction and in the 28th day, the observer cagemates were submitted to EPM for five minutes. Experiment 1: the observer cagemates received systemic injections of saline or midazolam (0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) and 30 minutes after were exposed to elevated plus-maze. Experiment 2: In the 23th day, bilateral cannulae were surgically implanted in the amygdala of the observer cagemate and in the 28th day, the observer cagemate received intra-amygdala injections of saline or midazolam (3 e 30 nmol/0,1µl) and 5 minutes after were exposed EPM. Two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Duncan test revealed that living with a cagemate in neuropathic pain is able to increase anxiety-like behavior in mice, suggesting the influence that cohabiting with nociception causes in the observer cagemate. In the experiment 1, MDZ (1,0 e 2,0 mg/Kg) was able to produces anxiolytic-like effect on the EPM, characterized by increase the open arms exploration and decrease risk assessment-like behaviors, with the absence of significant changes in locomotor activity. In the experiment 2, in the same way MDZ was able to produces anxiolytic-like effect on the EPM. These results suggests that the cohabitation with a CNC induce anxiogenic-like responses in the observer mouse and the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor complex located within the amygdala participates in modulation of anxiety-induced model of empathy in mice.
Limites e potencialidades da formação e atuação em rede de cooperativas de catadore(a)s de materiais recicláveis: caso da Rede Anastácia, estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-26) Soares, Alexandra Savio; Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5618886599186541
The work carried out by recyclable waste pickers is of great importance, not only for the reuse of the materials, but also for their benefit to the environment, reducing the amount of waste that goes to landfills and landfills. Despite the significant work done by the collectors, it is verified that in the recycling chain these are the least benefited. The reasons for this are diverse, such as the organizational and infrastructure precariousness of the enterprises, the lack of support and recognition for the service provided to society, the action of the intermediaries who buy the materials at very low prices, among others. In order to improve the participation of the collectors in the recycling chain, some initiatives are being taken, such as the formation of cooperation networks of solid economic enterprises, which among the objectives is to strengthen the way of work and performance of the collectors. Based on this idea, Rede Anastácia was created in the central region of the state of São Paulo and Alta Mogiana, which is a regional network of collectors of recyclable materials that counts on the participation of eight cooperatives located in different municipalities of the state. In this way, a research was conducted with the Rede Anastácia, from May / 2015 to October / 2016, which used the exploratory method, with direct observation of a qualitative approach, through a visit to cooperatives, photographic records, analyzes Of documents, participation in meetings and activities, in order to identify and evaluate the limits and potentialities of the formation and operation of cooperation networks. As results, information on cooperative characteristics, creation and formalization of the network, its main articulations (meetings and activities) to strengthen cooperatives, the expectations of the collectors to belong to the network and the main limits and potentialities were obtained. Among the limitations identified are the need for improvements in the infrastructure of cooperatives; The distance between them and the lack of standardization in the types of materials sorted and detailed record on productivity, which ends up hampering joint marketing actions. As potentialities: there was an increase in the exchange of information among cooperatives; Greater possibility of participation in projects of technical and financial incentive; Greater political representativeness; Conducting joint sales; Participation in reverse logistics systems, among others. Regarding the collectors' expectations of belonging to the network, it was verified that they believe that there may be an improvement in the valorization and recognition of the work done by the collector, greater possibility of realizing joint marketing and verticalization of materials, among other aspects.
Do fim do trabalho ao trabalho sem fim: o trabalho e a vida dos trabalhadores digitais em Home Office
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-26) Oliveira, Daniela Ribeiro de; Lima, Jacob Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3340719766336945
Digital workers are a privileged category for understanding current job settings in which different ways of organizing, managing, and performing work are set. The digital worker organizes his life around projects, with flexible times and his career path and permanence in the work depends on permanent updating. The objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between work and life of digital workers, trying to understand to what extent the work of software development, with various forms of organization and time-space management, reflects on the organization of workers' private lives and Family relationships, friendship, leisure, etc. Through the occupational trajectories we try to trace workers' perceptions about life and work when they are working partially or totally in home office. To meet the research objectives, we conducted 53 semi-structured interviews, of which only 29 interviews were selected for discussion in this thesis. The criterion for selection sought those that represented the diversity of the empirical field in terms of gender cut, work places, types of contractual ties, types of activities performed, size of company and because they represent a diverse picture of work experiences In home office. We note a diversity of home office work arrangements practiced by digital workers. Work is done more at home than in the office, since the workers take advantage of the times saved due to the absence of displacements, intervals of snacks and rest, to continue carrying out the activities. Turning off the computer does not mean disconnecting from the job. The feeling of loneliness and the fear of becoming invisible to the office staff are grounds for digital workers to refuse (if they have a choice) work in home office or wish to leave the modality; Workers with more career time tend to resist (micro resistance) the excesses of demands and to work going through all the free time. Male representations of the presence of women in the sector are surrounded by gender stereotypes. The justifications of which particular occupations are most appropriate for women because of their gender markers (detailed, attentive, etc.) are recurrent among men.
Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e análise morfológica por microscopia de força atômica (AFM) da ação de extratos de própolis verde sobre Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-26) Campos, Jessica Valéria de; Assis, Odílio Benedito Garrido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4626267791983725; Bernardes Filho, Rubens; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4955439483175452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2608269541825965
In the last years the concerns about the resistance acquired by pathogenic microorganisms has increased due to large misuse of antibiotics and agricultural products. Research about new alternatives and natural antimicrobial agents allows, at least, a partial replacement of synthetic drugs. The interest in studying the biological activities of propolis has gained importance due to its great antimicrobial potential, which is attributed to phenolic compounds, especially to the flavonoids. In this sense, the propolis appears as an important therapeutic alternative. The antimicrobial action of this resin has been confirmed in several studies; however, an analysis of the mechanism of action is still scarce. Thus, to identify the presence of antibacterial constituents along with the analyzes by atomic force microscope (AFM), that allows evaluating modifications of the bacterial structures treated with propolis extract, were the main aims of this work. Extracts with different proportions of water and ethanol were prepared and simultaneously processed following standards. The extracts were characterized related to their composition and antibacterial property against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. It was observed that the use of higher concentrations of ethanol in the extract production provided higher extractions of flavonoids and better antibacterial effects. Thus, the best results were attained by the ethanolic extract of propolis, composed of 100% ethanol (EEP), and conversely, the less efficient extract, composed of lower concentrations of flavonoids, was the aqueous one (EAP). The results obtained in the analyzes in FTIR and HPLC confirm a greater presence of flavonoids in the extracts with higher levels of ethanol. Regarding the microscopic analysis, the EEP was selected for analysis considering its better antibacterial capacity. For a satisfactory inhibition of the E. coli growth a more concentrated extract was necessary, leading to an increase in cell volume, and a probable occurrence of bacteriolysis and the occurrence of cellular damages. In general, the propolis showed to have action on the cellular structure of both bacteria, leading to inhibition of microbial growth.
Sistema de remoção de água de lodo gerado em estação de tratamento de esgoto com duas fases : desaguamento inicial em leito de drenagem seguido de biossecagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-26) Reis, Renan Felicio dos; Cordeiro, João Sergio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1840510720475585
This present research was conducted by whttps://repositorio.ufscar.br/admin/item?itemID=10496ater removal assays related to dewatering and drying of sewage sludge steps. In relation to the first, it was used Drainage Bed (DB) prototype in lab scale (studies of drainage) and in pilot scale (studies of evaporation). It was used anaerobic sludge from UASB reactor, whose dewatering results about studies of drainage, varying three types of geotextile blanket and height of sludge layer, showed that the HaTe® 55/55 UV blanket brought greater drainage capacity, although the analyses results about drained liquid quality was worse in apparent color, turbidity and conductivity when compared to other blankets experienced. In studies of evaporation in DB it was possible to verify and discuss the relation of climate variables with moisture loss, mainly in relation to precipitation, air relative humidity and temperature. Moreover, due to the turning applied, it was observed that, when is made, higher Total Solids (TS) content is obtained in the sludge sample in shorter time than when the turning is not applied. With regard to the drying step, it was conducted biodrying assays, whose methods e results was separated in abroad and Brazil. In the assays conducted abroad (lasting 14 days) it was used mixed sludge (originated from anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic sewage treatment) and wood chips ( 7,1mm) as bulking agent, in proportion of 2:1 (v/v). The results showed that biodrying process promote the removal of bound water (interstitial, surface and intracellular) from sludge and that the turning applying during the biodrying is fundamental to retake biological activity and, thus, increase the temperature again and obtain final sample with higher TS content. At the end, the reactor which resulted in biodried product with higher TS content (reactor Biossecagem II) reached 63,1% of TS, with High Heating Value (HHV) of 17551,9kJ/kgTS, being superior to many parameters found in literature consulted. About the biodrying assays conducted in Brazil (UFSCar), they lasted 20 days and was performed using anaerobic sludge (UASB) previously dewatered in DB, mixed with wood chips (5-15mm) in 5:4 (v/v) proportion, with turning in 6th, 12th, 15th and 18th days. The results also confirmed the occurrence of biological activity, but did not reached themophilic conditions. To this behavior, it was suggested as reason the use of dewatered sludge in natural system (DB) or anaerobic sludge, both situations still not reported in the literature for biodrying process. In the reactor with the best behavior (reactor Biossecagem B) it was obtained final TS content of 47,4%, with HHV of 14661kJ/kgTS and Low Heating Value (LHV) of 14659,9kJ/kgTS. Furthermore, this thesis reports and compiles data from biodrying assays of sewage sludge found in the literature in a synthesis table, as well as discuss and compare the numerous variables and their implications in the process.
Um estudo de estresse através dos níveis de cortisol em crianças
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-26) Mendes, Karine Zanuto; Campos, Adriano Polpo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867996651212204; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2574720289303855
The level of cortisol is considered as a measure of people’s stress. We perform an statistical analysis of the data from a study conducted to evaluate if children that work on the streets during the day have higher stress than children who does not work. The cortisol level of a person can be considered as an increasing function until reaching a maximum level and then decreasing to almost zero (quasi-concave function). Children’s cortisol were collected 4 times in one day, where two groups of children were considered: those who work in the street and those who stay at home. To analyse the data we considered a meta-analysis of a functional data model under Bayesian approach. Each individual is analysed by a functional data model,and then, a meta-analysis was used to have inference for each group. We used the Gibbs Metropolis-Hastings method to sample from the posteriori distribution. Also,we calculated the pointwise posterior probability of the cortisol function of one group being greater than the cortisol function of other group to compare the groups.
Coletivo Cê: processos e percursos de redesterritorialização: aprendendo com a experiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-05-26) Almeida, Hércules Soares de; Ferreira, Dulcinéia de Fátima ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339578170693084; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5128703213868329
The framework presented here proposes to share a cartography of the processes and paths of the deterritorialization and reterritorialization of Coletivo Cê. It is also a scratch to the surface about the knowledge of experience and ethical, aesthetic and political movements in research about education. We will present ways that allowed a research carried out from the perspective of implication, requiring a vibrating body and implied in the research. The author of this research has been working on the Coletivo Cê for more than seven years. The Coletivo Cê is a group of artists who research the language of theater, in the city of Votorantim, São Paulo. This research goal was to trace the processes and routes from the year of its foundation in 2009 to the present day. Within this proposal, there was also a close look at the concepts of authors who lead and compose the living and pulsating picture of cartography, such as Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari, Suely Rolnik, Jacques Ranciére, Jorge Larrosa Bondía, Paulo Freire, sociologist Boaventura de Souza Santos and others who believe in the work of thought as a vibrating space of our urgencies. An intellectual production in the field of Education, proposing cartography as an aesthetic possibility for the urgencies that plague us, able to understand the "educate" mediated by artistic actions of cultural collectives groups, which can become a practice of social transformation for the emancipation of people.